Nervous System Functions Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of the nervous system?

Filtering waste from blood

Digesting food

Regulating body temperature

Controlling body movements (correct)

Which part of the nervous system contains the brain and spinal cord?

Central nervous system (correct)

Peripheral nervous system

Neuroglia

Neurons

What are the specialized cells that transmit messages in the nervous system?

Nessel’s body

Golgi bodies

Endoplasmic reticulum

Neurons (correct)

Which part of a neuron receives information from other neurons?

Dendrites Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of dendrites in a neuron?

Receiving information from other neurons Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the neuron contains the central nucleus and organelles like ribosomes and endoplasmic reticulum?

Soma (cell body) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the axon?

Releasing neurotransmitters Signup and view all the answers

Which cell is responsible for supporting neurons in the PNS and producing the myelin sheath?

Schwann cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the gap between two myelin sheaths called?

Node of Ranvier Signup and view all the answers

Where is the myelin sheath located?

Around most of the long axon Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the neuron transmits action potential towards the CNS?

Sensory neuron Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of synapses?

Acting as a transmission point for electrical impulses Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the synapse contains neurotransmitters?

Synaptic vesicles Signup and view all the answers

What does the cerebellum consist of, similar to the cerebrum?

Outer cortex (Grey matter) Signup and view all the answers

What makes up the H-shaped central core of the grey matter in the spinal cord?

Nerve cell bodies and synapses Signup and view all the answers

What does the spinal cord's white matter mainly consist of?

Axon terminal and Schwann cells Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cartilage is found in the pinna of the ear?

Elastic cartilage Signup and view all the answers

What is the main component of the cartilage's extracellular matrix?

Aggregated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) Signup and view all the answers

Where are chondrogenic cells located in the cartilage?

In the cellular layer of perichondrium Signup and view all the answers

What does the inner cellular layer of the perichondrium primarily consist of?

Chondrogenic cells Signup and view all the answers

Which type of collagen is present in fibrocartilage?

Type I collagen Signup and view all the answers

What provides the cartilage with nutrient substances?

Fibrous layer of perichondrium Signup and view all the answers

Where are chondrocytes located in the cartilage?

In the center of the cartilage Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of chondrocytes in cartilage?

Secreting matrix for appositional growth of cartilage Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes chondrocytes from chondroblasts?

Are surrounded by matrix Signup and view all the answers

Which component is a specialized form of connective tissue and the main element of skeletal tissues?

Bone Signup and view all the answers

What are the main components of bone tissue?

Periosteum and endosteum Signup and view all the answers

Where are osteoprogenitor cells located?

In the outer fibrous layer of periosteum Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of osteoblasts in bone tissue?

Secreting matrix for appositional growth of bone Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes osteocytes from osteoblasts?

Are completely surrounded by bone matrix Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of chondrocytes under electron microscope?

Contain abundance of ribosomes, RER, well developed Golgi complex and also contains fat droplets and glycogen granules. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Nervous System Functions and Structures

The main function of the nervous system is to coordinate and regulate bodily functions by transmitting messages throughout the body.
The central nervous system (CNS) includes the brain and spinal cord.
Neurons are specialized cells that transmit messages in the nervous system.
Dendrites are the parts of a neuron that receive information from other neurons.
The main function of dendrites is to gather and transmit electrical impulses to the cell body.
The cell body of a neuron contains the central nucleus and organelles like ribosomes and endoplasmic reticulum.
The axon is responsible for transmitting electrical impulses (action potentials) away from the neuron toward other neurons or muscles.
Schwann cells support neurons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and produce the myelin sheath.
The gap between two myelin sheaths is known as the Node of Ranvier.
The myelin sheath is located around the axons of many neurons, increasing the speed of signal transmission.
The part of the neuron that transmits action potentials toward the CNS is the axon.
Synapses function as junctions that allow communication between neurons.
The terminal button of the axon contains neurotransmitters essential for signaling across the synapse.

Cerebellum and Spinal Cord Structure

The cerebellum contains a structure similar to the cerebrum, known for its folds and grooves (folia).
The H-shaped central core of the gray matter in the spinal cord consists of nerve cell bodies, dendrites, and synapses.
The white matter of the spinal cord mainly consists of myelinated axons, facilitating communication between different regions.

Cartilage Characteristics

The pinna of the ear is composed of elastic cartilage.
The main component of the cartilage's extracellular matrix is proteoglycans and collagen fibers.
Chondrogenic cells, which can differentiate into chondrocytes, are located in the perichondrium.
The inner cellular layer of the perichondrium primarily consists of chondrogenic cells and fibroblasts.
Fibrocartilage contains type I collagen fibers, providing tensile strength.

Bone Tissue and Chondrocytes

Cartilage is a specialized form of connective tissue and is the main element of skeletal tissues.
The main components of bone tissue include organic matrix (collagen) and inorganic mineral salts (hydroxyapatite).
Osteoprogenitor cells are located in the periosteum and endosteum, serving as precursors to osteoblasts.
Osteoblasts function in bone formation by secreting the bone matrix.
Osteocytes are mature bone cells that maintain the bone matrix, distinguishing them from osteoblasts, which are involved in bone formation.

Characteristics of Chondrocytes

Under an electron microscope, chondrocytes exhibit a large nucleus, abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum, and secretory vesicles for the synthesis of the extracellular matrix.

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Description

Test your knowledge of the nervous system and its role in responding to external and internal stimuli, regulating body temperature, managing emotions, and storing memories. Explore the components of the peripheral and central nervous systems, including neurons and neuroglia.