Podcast
Questions and Answers
What does the Central Nervous System (CNS) consist of?
What does the Central Nervous System (CNS) consist of?
- Brain (correct)
- Spinal cord (correct)
- Lungs
- Heart
What connects the body's organs and limbs to the Central Nervous System?
What connects the body's organs and limbs to the Central Nervous System?
Peripheral Nervous System
What does the Autonomic Nervous System control?
What does the Autonomic Nervous System control?
Involuntary bodily functions
What type of functions does the Somatic Nervous System control?
What type of functions does the Somatic Nervous System control?
What are the two major functions of the Nervous System?
What are the two major functions of the Nervous System?
The order of stimulus from sensory to effector involves stimuli, nerve impulse, and ______.
The order of stimulus from sensory to effector involves stimuli, nerve impulse, and ______.
What is a stimulus?
What is a stimulus?
What is an effector?
What is an effector?
Motor functions involve complex muscle-and-nerve acts that produce ______.
Motor functions involve complex muscle-and-nerve acts that produce ______.
What does 'electrochemical' describe in relation to a nerve impulse?
What does 'electrochemical' describe in relation to a nerve impulse?
What is a synapse?
What is a synapse?
What is the function of the myelin sheath?
What is the function of the myelin sheath?
What does the axon do in a nerve cell?
What does the axon do in a nerve cell?
What do dendrites do in a neuron?
What do dendrites do in a neuron?
What are neurotransmitters?
What are neurotransmitters?
Which type of neurons are classified as multipolar?
Which type of neurons are classified as multipolar?
Where are bipolar neurons found?
Where are bipolar neurons found?
What sensory function do unipolar neurons perform?
What sensory function do unipolar neurons perform?
What is the role of sensory neurons?
What is the role of sensory neurons?
What do interneurons connect?
What do interneurons connect?
What is the role of motor neurons?
What is the role of motor neurons?
What does the sodium-potassium pump do?
What does the sodium-potassium pump do?
What is depolarization in nerve impulses?
What is depolarization in nerve impulses?
What is repolarization?
What is repolarization?
What is the significance of 30mV?
What is the significance of 30mV?
What does -70mV signify?
What does -70mV signify?
What is the resting potential of a neuron?
What is the resting potential of a neuron?
What starts an action potential?
What starts an action potential?
How long does it take to send a nerve impulse?
How long does it take to send a nerve impulse?
Name the four major brain structures.
Name the four major brain structures.
What area does the cerebrum control?
What area does the cerebrum control?
What does the diencephalon consist of?
What does the diencephalon consist of?
What does the cerebellum coordinate?
What does the cerebellum coordinate?
What happens with an injury to the cerebellum?
What happens with an injury to the cerebellum?
What connects the brain to the spinal cord?
What connects the brain to the spinal cord?
What does the right cerebral hemisphere control?
What does the right cerebral hemisphere control?
What functions does the left cerebral hemisphere control?
What functions does the left cerebral hemisphere control?
What is the corpus callosum?
What is the corpus callosum?
What are gyri?
What are gyri?
What are sulcus?
What are sulcus?
What is a fissure in the brain?
What is a fissure in the brain?
What did the Split Brain Experiment discover?
What did the Split Brain Experiment discover?
What functions does the frontal lobe control?
What functions does the frontal lobe control?
What does the parietal lobe control?
What does the parietal lobe control?
What are the primary functions of the temporal lobe?
What are the primary functions of the temporal lobe?
What does the occipital lobe control?
What does the occipital lobe control?
What do Broca's and Wernicke's areas control?
What do Broca's and Wernicke's areas control?
What is the role of the hippocampus?
What is the role of the hippocampus?
What does the thalamus do?
What does the thalamus do?
What is the function of the hypothalamus?
What is the function of the hypothalamus?
What does the amygdala control?
What does the amygdala control?
Which organs make up the limbic system?
Which organs make up the limbic system?
What does the midbrain control?
What does the midbrain control?
What does the medulla oblongata do?
What does the medulla oblongata do?
What do autonomic functions regulate?
What do autonomic functions regulate?
What is the reticular formation's role?
What is the reticular formation's role?
What can damage to the reticular formation lead to?
What can damage to the reticular formation lead to?
What effect do consistent barbiturate drugs have on the reticular formation?
What effect do consistent barbiturate drugs have on the reticular formation?
What are meninges?
What are meninges?
What does meningitis refer to?
What does meningitis refer to?
What do ascending nerves do?
What do ascending nerves do?
What are descending nerves responsible for?
What are descending nerves responsible for?
What is the cervical plexus?
What is the cervical plexus?
What does the brachial plexus do?
What does the brachial plexus do?
What are intercostal nerves?
What are intercostal nerves?
What is the lumbosacral plexus?
What is the lumbosacral plexus?
What is the sciatic nerve?
What is the sciatic nerve?
What are excitatory neurotransmitters?
What are excitatory neurotransmitters?
What do inhibitory neurotransmitters do?
What do inhibitory neurotransmitters do?
What is acetylcholine?
What is acetylcholine?
What is the role of endorphins?
What is the role of endorphins?
What does norepinephrine do?
What does norepinephrine do?
What is dopamine's role?
What is dopamine's role?
What does serotonin cause?
What does serotonin cause?
Why are personality disorders difficult to treat?
Why are personality disorders difficult to treat?
What age do symptoms typically appear for schizophrenia in men?
What age do symptoms typically appear for schizophrenia in men?
What is the function of the olfactory bulb?
What is the function of the olfactory bulb?
Flashcards
Central Nervous System
Central Nervous System
Comprises the brain and spinal cord, processing information.
Peripheral Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System
Nerves connecting the CNS to organs and limbs.
Autonomic Nervous System
Autonomic Nervous System
Controls involuntary functions like heartbeat and digestion.
Somatic Nervous System
Somatic Nervous System
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Sensory Reception
Sensory Reception
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Integrative Functions
Integrative Functions
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Stimulus
Stimulus
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Nerve Impulse
Nerve Impulse
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Effector
Effector
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Action Potential
Action Potential
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Myelin Sheath
Myelin Sheath
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Multipolar Neuron
Multipolar Neuron
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Sensory Neuron
Sensory Neuron
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Hippocampus
Hippocampus
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Amygdala
Amygdala
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Limbic System
Limbic System
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Cerebrum
Cerebrum
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Brain Stem
Brain Stem
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Frontal Lobe
Frontal Lobe
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GABA
GABA
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Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia
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Olfactory Bulb
Olfactory Bulb
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Meninges
Meninges
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Neurological Pathways
Neurological Pathways
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Cerebral Cortex
Cerebral Cortex
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Neurotransmitters
Neurotransmitters
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Descending Nerves
Descending Nerves
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Cervical Plexus
Cervical Plexus
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Sciatic Nerve
Sciatic Nerve
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Parietal Lobe
Parietal Lobe
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Dopamine
Dopamine
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Right Hemisphere
Right Hemisphere
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Left Hemisphere
Left Hemisphere
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Study Notes
Central Nervous System
- Comprises the brain and spinal cord.
- Responsible for processing and integrating information.
Peripheral Nervous System
- Consists of body nerves connecting the CNS to organs and limbs.
- Facilitates communication between the CNS and the rest of the body.
Autonomic Nervous System
- Controls involuntary functions such as breathing, heartbeat, and digestion.
Somatic Nervous System
- Manages voluntary muscle movements and control over skeletal muscles.
Major Functions of the Nervous System
- Sensory Reception: Peripheral neurons monitor environmental conditions (e.g., light, sound, temperature).
- Integrative Functions: Repeated sensory messages lead to memory and subconscious motor functions.
Order of Stimulus Processing
- Stimuli: Physical or chemical signals induce responses (e.g., hot room).
- Nerve Impulse: Signals are sent to the brain.
- Effectors: Muscles and glands react (e.g., sweating).
Key Neuroscience Concepts
- Stimulus: Initiates nerve impulses.
- Effector: The response mechanism (e.g., sweating).
- Motor Functions: Complex actions facilitating movement (e.g., walking, typing).
Nerve Impulses and Transmission
- Electrochemical Nature: Nerve impulses consist of electrical changes (action potential) and neurotransmitters.
- Synapse: Site where nerve impulses transmit between neurons.
- Myelin Sheath: Covers nerve fibers to increase impulse speed.
Neuron Types
- Multipolar Neuron: Most common in the brain and spinal cord, myelinated.
- Bipolar Neuron: Found in sensory organs, connects PNS to CNS.
- Unipolar Neuron: Accepts sensory messages, located outside of the CNS.
- Sensory Neuron: Transmits sensory information, typically unipolar.
- Interneuron: Connects peripheral nerves to the CNS, typically bipolar.
- Motor Neuron: Initiates movement, typically multipolar.
Ion Channels and Action Potentials
- Sodium-Potassium Pump: Alters neuron's charge by moving sodium and potassium ions; essential for generating nerve impulses.
- Action Potential Phases:
- Sodium channels open, followed by potassium channels.
- Changes electrical charge from resting potential to action potential (30 mV), then back.
Brain Structures and Functions
- Cerebrum: Main area divided into left and right hemispheres, connected by the corpus callosum.
- Cerebellum: Coordinates motor activities like balance and posture.
- Brain Stem: Connects the brain to the spinal cord; regulates essential autonomic functions.
Hemispheric Functions
- Right Hemisphere: Controls left body, associated with creativity and visual tasks.
- Left Hemisphere: Controls right body, engaged in logical reasoning and calculations.
Brain Anatomy
- Gyri and Sulcus: Ridges and shallow grooves on the brain's surface; fissures are deep grooves.
- Frontal Lobe: Involved in logic, decision-making, and personality.
- Parietal Lobe: Processes touch, pressure, and pain sensations.
- Temporal Lobe: Responsible for hearing and memory.
- Occipital Lobe: Governs vision and sight.
Memory and Emotion Regulation
- Hippocampus: Crucial for forming new memories and linking emotions to sensory experiences.
- Amygdala: Processes emotions and responds to threats.
Limbic System
- Includes thalamus, hypothalamus, amygdala, and hippocampus; integral for emotion control.
Meninges and Protective Functions
- Meninges: Protective coverings of the brain and spinal cord.
- Meningitis: Infection of the meninges, resulting from various pathogens.
Nervous System Pathways
- Ascending Nerves: Carry sensory information to the brain.
- Descending Nerves: Conduct commands from the brain to the body.
Nerve Plexuses
- Cervical Plexus: First four cervical spinal nerves.
- Brachial Plexus: Supplies the upper limbs.
- Lumbosacral Plexus: Nerves at the base of the spinal cord.
- Sciatic Nerve: Largest nerve, extending from lower spinal cord to the thigh.
Neurotransmitters
- Excitatory Neurotransmitters: Activate the brain (e.g., acetylcholine).
- Inhibitory Neurotransmitters: Calm the brain (e.g., GABA).
- Dopamine and Serotonin: Affect mood and sleep; low levels are linked to disorders.
Personality Disorders
- Difficult to treat due to individual differences; no one-size-fits-all treatment.
Schizophrenia
- Symptoms typically appear around ages 18 in men and 25 in women, peaking between ages 25-40.
Olfactory Bulb
- Related to the sense of smell; plays a role in memory association, as linked to the hippocampus.
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Description
Explore the key components of the nervous system with these flashcards. From the Central Nervous System to the Autonomic Nervous System, you'll learn essential definitions and functions. Perfect for students seeking to reinforce their understanding of neuroanatomy.
