Nervous System Classifications Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What area is located in the parietal lobe posterior to the central sulcus?

Visual processing area

Primary somatic sensory area (correct)

Language comprehension area

Primary motor area

Which part of the brain is responsible for receiving impulses related to pain, temperature, and light touch?

Postcentral gyrus (correct)

Frontal lobe

Occipital lobe

Cerebellum

Which of the following lobes contains the primary somatic sensory area?

Parietal lobe (correct)

Occipital lobe

Frontal lobe

Temporal lobe

What term describes the deep indentations separating the gyri in the cerebral cortex?

Sulci Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is located anterior to the central sulcus?

Precentral gyrus Signup and view all the answers

What type of matter primarily makes up the cerebral cortex?

Gray matter Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the location of the central sulcus?

Between the frontal and parietal lobes Signup and view all the answers

What area is located just before the postcentral gyrus?

Precentral gyrus Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the central nervous system?

Integrates and interprets sensory information Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the structure of the peripheral nervous system?

Nerves extending from the brain and spinal cord Signup and view all the answers

What type of fibers do the sensory (afferent) division of the nervous system use?

Fibers that carry information to the central nervous system Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the somatic nervous system?

Consciously controls skeletal muscles Signup and view all the answers

Which subdivision of the motor (efferent) division is responsible for involuntary actions?

Autonomic nervous system Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes cranial nerves?

Connect the brain to sensory organs and muscles Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the nervous system interprets incoming sensory information?

Brain Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?

Sympathetic is associated with the 'fight or flight' response, while parasympathetic promotes 'rest and digest' Signup and view all the answers

What structure surrounds each individual nerve fiber?

Endoneurium Signup and view all the answers

Which type of nerve carries impulses toward the CNS?

Sensory (afferent) nerves Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cranial nerves is sensory only?

Optic Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component of mixed nerves?

Both sensory and motor fibers Signup and view all the answers

What structure binds groups of fascicles together to form a nerve?

Epineurium Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the hypothalamus?

Regulates body temperature Signup and view all the answers

Which gland is housed within the epithalamus?

Pineal gland Signup and view all the answers

What fluid is formed by the choroid plexus located in the epithalamus?

Cerebrospinal fluid Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is considered part of the brain stem?

Pons Signup and view all the answers

Which function is NOT associated with the hypothalamus?

Processing auditory information Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the mammillary bodies?

Involved in olfaction Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the diencephalon is involved in regulating the pituitary gland?

Hypothalamus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures does NOT directly form part of the brain stem?

Hypothalamus Signup and view all the answers

What role does the diencephalon play in the autonomic nervous system?

Maintaining homeostasis Signup and view all the answers

Which ventricle is enclosed by the thalamus?

Third ventricle Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is primarily responsible for the sensation of the skin over the anterior thigh?

Femoral nerve Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nerves does NOT arise from the lumbar plexus?

Sural nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the superior gluteal nerve?

Motor control of the gluteus medius and minimus muscles Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is involved in the sensory innervation of the skin on the posterior aspect of the thigh?

Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve branches into the deep fibular and superficial fibular nerves?

Common fibular nerve Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is NOT part of the sacral plexus?

Saphenous nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the saphenous nerve?

Sensory innervation of the medial aspect of the leg Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nerves is responsible for the motor innervation of the gluteus maximus muscle?

Inferior gluteal nerve Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Nervous System: Structural Classification

The Central Nervous System (CNS) is composed of the brain and spinal cord, acting as the body's control center.
The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) consists of nerves extending from the CNS, connecting it to the rest of the body.
- Spinal nerves carry impulses to and from the spinal cord.
- Cranial nerves carry impulses to and from the brain.

Nervous System: Functional Classification

The Sensory (afferent) division carries information to the CNS.
- Somatic sensory fibers transmit information from skin, skeletal muscles, and joints.
- Visceral sensory fibers carry information from internal organs.
The Motor (efferent) division carries impulses away from the CNS to effector organs.
- Somatic nervous system controls skeletal muscles voluntarily (consciously).
- Autonomic nervous system controls smooth and cardiac muscles, and glands involuntarily (automatically).
  - Further divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.

Functional Anatomy of the Brain

Cerebral cortex is located in the cerebrum.
- The primary somatic sensory area in the parietal lobe receives impulses from sensory receptors throughout the body, except for special senses.
Diencephalon is a part of the forebrain.
- Hypothalamus regulates body temperature, water balance, metabolism, emotions (through the limbic center), and the pituitary gland.
- Epithalamus comprises the roof of the third ventricle and includes the pineal gland (endocrine gland) and the choroid plexus, which produces cerebrospinal fluid.
Brain stem connects the brain to the spinal cord.
- Midbrain, Pons, and Medulla oblongata are the three parts of the brain stem.

Structure of a Nerve

Nerves are bundles of neurons outside the CNS.
- Surrounded by connective tissue sheaths:
  - Endoneurium wraps individual fibers.
  - Perineurium binds groups of fibers into fascicles.
  - Epineurium binds fascicles together.

Types of Nerves

Mixed nerves contain sensory and motor fibers.
Sensory (afferent) nerves carry impulses toward the CNS.
Motor (efferent) nerves carry impulses away from the CNS.

Cranial Nerves

There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves mainly serving the head and neck.
- Only the vagus nerves extend to the thoracic and abdominal cavities.
- Most are mixed nerves, but three are sensory only:
  - Optic
  - Olfactory
  - Vestibulocochlear

Spinal Nerve Plexuses

Cervical plexus serves the head, neck, and shoulders.
Brachial plexus serves the shoulder, arm, forearm, and hand.
Lumbar plexus serves muscles and skin of the thigh, leg, and foot.
Sacral plexus serves the muscles and skin of the lower limb, including the posterior thigh, leg, and foot.
Coccygeal plexus serves a small area around the coccyx.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the structural and functional classifications of the nervous system. This quiz covers essential components such as the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems, along with the sensory and motor divisions. Enhance your understanding of how the body communicates and processes information.