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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a function of the Central Nervous System (CNS)?
What is the main function of the Cerebellum?
What protects the Central Nervous System (CNS)?
What is the main function of the Brainstem?
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What is the main function of the Spinal Cord?
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What is the Autonomic Nervous System responsible for?
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Study Notes
Central Nervous System (CNS)
- Consists of the brain and spinal cord
- Protected by the blood-brain barrier
- Functions:
- Integration of sensory information
- Control of voluntary movements
- Regulation of body functions (e.g. heart rate, blood pressure)
Brain
- Divided into three main parts:
- Cerebrum: largest part, responsible for sensory perception, movement, and higher-level cognitive functions
- Cerebellum: coordinates muscle movements, balance, and posture
- Brainstem: connects cerebrum to spinal cord, regulates basic functions (e.g. breathing, heart rate)
Spinal Cord
- Extends from base of brain down to lower back
- Functions:
- Transmits messages between brain and peripheral nervous system
- Controls reflexes
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
- Consists of nerves that connect CNS to rest of body
- Divided into two subsystems:
- Somatic Nervous System: controls voluntary movements, transmits sensory information
- Autonomic Nervous System: controls involuntary functions (e.g. heart rate, digestion)
Nerve Structure
- A nerve consists of:
- Dendrites: receive signals from other neurons
- Cell Body: contains nucleus and maintains cell function
- Axon: carries signals away from cell body
- Myelin Sheath: insulates and speeds up signal transmission
Glial Cells
- Support cells that provide structure and maintenance for neurons
- Types:
- Astrocytes: provide nutrients, remove waste
- Oligodendrocytes: produce myelin sheath
- Microglia: immune system cells that protect CNS
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Description
Test your knowledge of the central and peripheral nervous systems, including the brain, spinal cord, neurons, and glial cells. Learn about their structures, functions, and interactions.
