Nervous System Basics
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the Central Nervous System (CNS)?

  • Control of involuntary movements (correct)
  • Regulation of body functions (e.g. heart rate, blood pressure)
  • Production of hormones
  • Regulation of body temperature

    • What is the main function of the Cerebellum?

  • Regulation of body functions (e.g. heart rate, blood pressure)
  • Coordination of muscle movements, balance, and posture (correct)
  • Transmission of messages between brain and peripheral nervous system
  • Higher-level cognitive functions

    • What protects the Central Nervous System (CNS)?

  • The peripheral nervous system
  • The blood-spinal cord barrier
  • The Autonomic Nervous System
  • The blood-brain barrier (correct)

    • What is the main function of the Brainstem?

    <p>Regulation of basic functions (e.g. breathing, heart rate)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the Spinal Cord?

    <p>Transmission of messages between brain and peripheral nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Autonomic Nervous System responsible for?

    <p>Control of involuntary functions (e.g. heart rate, digestion)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Central Nervous System (CNS)

    • Consists of the brain and spinal cord
    • Protected by the blood-brain barrier
    • Functions:
      • Integration of sensory information
      • Control of voluntary movements
      • Regulation of body functions (e.g. heart rate, blood pressure)

    Brain

    • Divided into three main parts:
      1. Cerebrum: largest part, responsible for sensory perception, movement, and higher-level cognitive functions
      2. Cerebellum: coordinates muscle movements, balance, and posture
      3. Brainstem: connects cerebrum to spinal cord, regulates basic functions (e.g. breathing, heart rate)

    Spinal Cord

    • Extends from base of brain down to lower back
    • Functions:
      • Transmits messages between brain and peripheral nervous system
      • Controls reflexes

    Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

    • Consists of nerves that connect CNS to rest of body
    • Divided into two subsystems:
      • Somatic Nervous System: controls voluntary movements, transmits sensory information
      • Autonomic Nervous System: controls involuntary functions (e.g. heart rate, digestion)

    Nerve Structure

    • A nerve consists of:
      • Dendrites: receive signals from other neurons
      • Cell Body: contains nucleus and maintains cell function
      • Axon: carries signals away from cell body
      • Myelin Sheath: insulates and speeds up signal transmission

    Glial Cells

    • Support cells that provide structure and maintenance for neurons
    • Types:
      • Astrocytes: provide nutrients, remove waste
      • Oligodendrocytes: produce myelin sheath
      • Microglia: immune system cells that protect CNS

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of the central and peripheral nervous systems, including the brain, spinal cord, neurons, and glial cells. Learn about their structures, functions, and interactions.

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