Nervous System & Autonomic Pharmacology Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which component is NOT part of the nervous system as described?

Sensory organs

Spinal cord

Lungs (correct)

Brain

What are the three basic functions of the nervous system when responding to environmental changes?

Recognize, Process, Integrate (correct)

Perceive, Respond, Maintain

Observe, Adapt, Execute

Recognize, Analyze, React

Which system is targeted by drugs developed for autonomic pharmacology?

Central nervous system only

Voluntary nervous system only

Peripheral vascular system only

Autonomic nervous system (correct)

What does the nervous system do when it recognizes environmental changes?

Processes sensations and feedback. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of muscarinic antagonists when administered to patients with respiratory disorders?

Produce moderate bronchodilation and decreased airway secretion Signup and view all the answers

In which urinary disorder might muscarinic antagonists be particularly beneficial?

Incontinence and bladder inflammation Signup and view all the answers

How do muscarinic antagonists affect gastrointestinal disorders?

Decrease intestinal motility and alleviate cramps Signup and view all the answers

What neurotransmitter is primarily involved in the 'rest-and-digest' response of the parasympathetic nervous system?

Acetylcholine Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of acetylcholinesterase in relation to acetylcholine in the nervous system?

To break down acetylcholine into acetate and choline Signup and view all the answers

What can result from cholinergic poisoning due to excessive acetylcholine?

Prolonged activation of the parasympathetic nervous system Signup and view all the answers

What condition would NOT generally be treated with muscarinic antagonists?

Gastroesophageal reflux disease Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about Sarin gas is accurate?

It is a potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitor leading to cholinergic poisoning Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following receptors is primarily found in the heart?

β1 Signup and view all the answers

Which receptor is associated with relaxing uterine smooth muscle?

β2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of activating β1 receptors in the body?

Increase heart rate and force of contraction Signup and view all the answers

Which receptor is primarily responsible for decreasing the release of norepinephrine from the presynaptic neuron?

α2 Signup and view all the answers

The contraction of smooth muscle in the vasculature is primarily mediated by which receptor?

α1 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organs is primarily affected by β2 receptor activation?

Lungs Signup and view all the answers

What physiological response occurs when β2 receptors are activated?

Muscle relaxation in various tissues Signup and view all the answers

Which receptors are involved in the postsynaptic action of norepinephrine?

Both α and β receptors Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker?

Tubocurarine Signup and view all the answers

During which phase does desensitization occur in depolarizing neuromuscular blockers?

Phase 2 Signup and view all the answers

What is a common adverse effect of depolarizing neuromuscular blockade?

Malignant Hyperthermia Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary clinical indication for neuromuscular blockers?

Muscle paralysis during surgery Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a type of anesthetic NOT typically used in balanced anesthesia?

Topical Anesthetics Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the mechanisms that lead to drug tolerance?

Down-regulation of receptors Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is commonly associated with addictive drugs?

Inhibition of neurotransmitter reuptake Signup and view all the answers

What does drug withdrawal refer to?

Physical and mental symptoms experienced after stopping a drug Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes substance use disorder (SUD)?

An inability to manage different aspects of life due to substance use Signup and view all the answers

What is cross tolerance?

Tolerance to one drug leading to tolerance to a different drug Signup and view all the answers

What is a common clinical application for local anesthesia?

Managing acute pain during minor procedures Signup and view all the answers

What effect does sustained exposure to a drug typically have?

Develops tolerance to the drug's effects Signup and view all the answers

What is the onset time of succinylcholine?

~30-60 seconds Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a factor influencing substance use disorder (SUD)?

Permanent immunity to addiction Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of general anesthesia?

To induce unconsciousness during surgical procedures Signup and view all the answers

What accounts for the short duration of action of succinylcholine?

Rapid metabolism by cholinesterase in plasma Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary result of the desensitizing phase when using succinylcholine?

Flaccid paralysis Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during the depolarizing phase of succinylcholine's action?

Muscular fasciculation followed by paralysis Signup and view all the answers

How long does full depolarizing neuromuscular block by succinylcholine typically take to achieve?

Within 60 seconds Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the action of succinylcholine is true?

It is metabolized quickly by cholinesterase. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to muscle fibers after prolonged exposure to succinylcholine?

They repolarize but remain desensitized Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of succinylcholine compared to non-depolarizing blockers?

Lower potential for muscle fasciculation Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes a function of the sympathetic nervous system?

β1 receptors are predominantly found in the heart. Signup and view all the answers

How many neurons are required by the somatic nervous system to reach its target organ?

One neuron is required. Signup and view all the answers

What role do neuromuscular blocking drugs play during surgical procedures?

They protect patients from pain and relax muscles. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the autonomic and somatic nervous systems is correct?

Somatic nervous system uses one neuron to innervate muscle. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?

Parasympathetic system conserves energy during resting states. Signup and view all the answers

Which receptors are primarily involved in the sympathetic nervous system’s action on the heart?

β1 receptors Signup and view all the answers

What is the major purpose of anesthetics during surgical procedures?

To eliminate feelings of pain. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the somatic nervous system, what type of muscle does it primarily innervate?

Skeletal muscle Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Module 02: Introduction to the Nervous System

This module is designed for interaction with online learning resources.
The Module Companion Guide complements the online slides.
Discrepancies between the guide and the module should be resolved by referencing the module.
Do not share the Module Companion Guide with students not enrolled in the course.
Sharing the guide violates the Academic Integrity Policy of Queen's University.
Students violating the policy face sanctions.

Learning outcomes, icons, and assignments listed for each module section.
Specific topics include neurotransmission, autonomic pharmacology, parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems and neuromuscular disorders, which are all components of the nervous system.
Questions are included throughout each section for self-assessment.
Sections on neurotransmission, organization of the nervous system (CNS and PNS) and review of the nervous system are all introduced.
The module includes information for the parasympathetic nervous system, including its neurons, organization, neurotransmitters, receptors, and other associated topics.
The module also deals with sympathetic nervous system topics such as neurons, organization, and other associated topics like neurotransmitters, and receptors.
Neuromuscular blocking drugs and their related clinical uses are also discussed in this module.
The module concludes with an introduction to substance use disorders (SUD), exploring social impairments and risky use aspects, as well as withdrawal and tolerance.
Additional topics like glaucoma, poor muscle tone in the bladder, and asthma are also incorporated across sections
A summary is provided at the end of the module.

Introduction

The nervous system is the body's control and communication system, encompassing the brain, spinal cord, and nerves for voluntary and involuntary actions.
The nervous system needs to be targeted by many drugs.
The nervous system has three basic steps in responding to the environment: recognize, process, and react.
Recognition involves acknowledging changes in internal and external surroundings.
Processing involves interpreting these environmental changes.
Reaction involves responding to the changes through appropriate actions.

Neuronal Communication and Neurotransmission

Neurotransmission is the primary mode of communication between neurons.
It is a chemical process where neurotransmitters facilitate the transmission of signals from one neuron to another.
Removal of neurotransmitters is crucial to terminate the signal.
Transporters in presynaptic neurons are the mechanism by which neurotransmitters clear the synaptic cleft.

Organization of the Nervous System

The nervous system is generally divided into two major components: central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS).
The CNS comprises the brain and spinal cord.
The PNS encompasses all nerve fibers outside the CNS.

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

This system controls involuntary actions like heart rate, blood pressure, and digestion.
It functions as a two-neuron system.
It's divided into parasympathetic ("rest-and-digest") and sympathetic ("fight-or-flight") to achieve balance and control bodily functions.

Substance Use Disorders (SUD)

Criteria for diagnosing SUD involve aspects like social impairment, risky use, impaired control, withdrawal, and tolerance to substances.

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Description

Test your understanding of the nervous system and its functions with this quiz. Explore key concepts such as the Virtual Ileum Lab, the basic functions of the nervous system, and the effects of drugs in autonomic pharmacology. Perfect for students looking to solidify their knowledge in this area.