Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the dendrites in a neuron?
What is the primary function of the dendrites in a neuron?
Which of the following neurotransmitters is commonly known for its role in mood regulation?
Which of the following neurotransmitters is commonly known for its role in mood regulation?
Why can't neurons repair themselves through mitosis?
Why can't neurons repair themselves through mitosis?
What are the two main types of extensions found on a neuron?
What are the two main types of extensions found on a neuron?
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How are motor neurons classified functionally?
How are motor neurons classified functionally?
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Which anatomical classification describes a neuron with only one extension?
Which anatomical classification describes a neuron with only one extension?
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What happens when an impulse travels down an axon?
What happens when an impulse travels down an axon?
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Which type of neuron typically has long axons and carries impulses to muscles?
Which type of neuron typically has long axons and carries impulses to muscles?
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Study Notes
Nervous System
- Purpose: To provide awareness of the environment and detect changes (stimuli). The system determines the appropriate response. Successful functioning vastly increases survival ability.
Nerve Cells (Neuron)
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Structure: Identified by extensions. Consists of a cell body (cyton) and extensions.
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Cyton: Contains the nucleus holding DNA and genes. Crucially, neurons cannot replicate themselves. Damage to the brain's nucleus means lost function. The nucleus is surrounded by cytoplasm with typical organelles.
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Extensions: Two types:
- Dendrites: Branched extensions that receive stimuli and transmit impulses to the cyton.
- Axon: Typically a single, covered (myelin sheath) extension that transmits impulses away from the cyton.
- Function of dendrites: Receive information.
- Function of axon: Transmit information away from cell body.
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Synaptic Knobs: Swellings at the end of axons that release neurotransmitters to communicate with other neurons.
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Neurotransmitters: Chemicals that allow communication between neurons. Over 20 are known. Examples include epinephrine, norepinephrine, acetylcholine, dopamine, and serotonin.
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Neuron Classification (Anatomical): Classified by the number of extensions from the cyton (mono, di, poly).
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Neuron Classification (Functional): Classified by the shape depending on functionality (sensory, motor).
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Sensory neurons: Receive information from sense organs using lengthy dendrites; can be mono or di.
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Motor neurons: Transmit signals to muscles and glands; usually are poly-neuron extensions.
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Association neurons (interneurons): Connect other neurons and are commonly poly.
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Description
Test your understanding of the nervous system and its components, including neuron structure and functions. This quiz covers key concepts such as dendrites, axons, and synaptic knobs in relation to how the nervous system helps respond to stimuli.
