Nervous and Plant Tissue Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary force that draws water upwards in a plant?

Capillarity

Transpiration pull (correct)

Osmosis

Root pressure

Which structure is primarily involved in the translocation of manufactured food in plants?

Xylem

Phloem (correct)

Stomata

Root hairs

How does water vapor loss from mesophyll cells affect water potential?

It decreases the water potential of the mesophyll cell walls. (correct)

It increases the water potential of the mesophyll cells.

It has no effect on water potential.

It pulls water from the roots directly.

What effect do thorns and hairs on a leaf have on transpiration?

They limit transpiration. Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the loss of water vapor from the aerial parts of the plant?

Transpiration Signup and view all the answers

What structure do mesophyll cells utilize to diffuse water molecules into air spaces?

Cell walls Signup and view all the answers

What effect does a lower surface area of leaves have on transpiration?

It decreases transpiration. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor helps build tension and suction force at the top of the stem xylem?

Transpiration pull Signup and view all the answers

What type of neurons conduct nerve impulses from sensory organs to the central nervous system?

Sensory neurons Signup and view all the answers

What role do the Casparian strips play in the endodermis?

They prevent water from moving through the cell walls of endodermal cells. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tissue is characterized by actively dividing cells that are not specialized?

Meristematic tissue Signup and view all the answers

In the internal structure of a young dicotyledonous stem, which tissue is found between the xylem and phloem?

Cambium Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of interneurons in the nervous system?

To connect sensory and motor neurons Signup and view all the answers

Which process primarily drives water movement from the root hair to the xylem?

Osmosis Signup and view all the answers

Where is the apical meristem primarily located in a plant?

Near the tips of roots and stems Signup and view all the answers

What component of the central cylinder contains xylem and phloem?

Vascular tissue Signup and view all the answers

Which type of permanent tissue is responsible for the transport of nutrients and sugars in plants?

Phloem Signup and view all the answers

What role does the lateral meristem play in plant growth?

Facilitates thicker growth of the plant Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the vacuole of a root hair cell when water enters?

It swells, increasing turgor pressure. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about nerve tissue is correct?

It is responsible for conducting nerve impulses to effectors. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component of the pith in the central region of a stem?

Parenchyma cells Signup and view all the answers

Which statement describes the flow of water through the roots?

Water moves through both cell walls and by osmosis. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of permanent tissue in plants?

Meristematic tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is the water potential in the soil relative to the water potential in the root hair cell sap?

Lower in the root hair cell sap Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of collenchyma in plants?

Provide mechanical support Signup and view all the answers

Which type of plant tissue is characterized by its thickened walls and the presence of lignin?

Xylem Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of phloem tissue in plants?

Transport organic substances Signup and view all the answers

What feature of the epidermis helps to reduce moisture loss in leaves?

Waxy cuticle Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following tissues is made up of elongated cells without thickened walls?

Phloem Signup and view all the answers

What is an organ in the context of plant structure?

A group of tissues performing a specific function Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are primarily responsible for water transportation in plants?

Tracheids Signup and view all the answers

What type of structural support is provided by sclerenchyma tissue?

Mechanical and supportive strength Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the structure of arteries from veins?

Arteries possess thicker walls compared to veins. Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is responsible for preventing backflow of blood in veins?

Semilunar valves Signup and view all the answers

What are smaller veins called?

Venules Signup and view all the answers

How do capillaries differ from arteries and veins?

Capillaries consist of a single thin layer of endothelium. Signup and view all the answers

What role does the middle layer of smooth muscle in arteries serve?

It helps arteries resist high pressure during blood flow. Signup and view all the answers

Which blood vessel type carries oxygenated blood away from the heart?

Arteries Signup and view all the answers

How does blood flow in veins compare to that in arteries?

Blood flows in one direction only in veins due to valves. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the hepatic portal vein?

It facilitates nutrient-rich blood flow between digestive organs and the liver. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Nervous Tissue

Nerve tissue is found in the brain and the spinal cord, it is called the central nervous system.
Nerve tissue outside the central nervous system is called the peripheral nervous system.

Types of Nerve Tissue

Sensory neurons: Conduct impulses from receptors to the central nervous system.
Motor neurons: Conduct impulses from the central nervous system to effectors (muscles and glands).
Interneurons: Conduct impulses between sensory and motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord.

Plant Tissues

Plant tissues can be divided into meristematic tissue and permanent tissue.
Meristematic tissue: Actively dividing tissue where new cells are formed.
Permanent tissue: Differentiated to perform specific functions.

Types of Permanent Tissue

Parenchyma: Thin-walled cells with large vacuoles, found in leaves, stems, and roots.
Collenchyma: Thickened cell walls, provide support, found in stems, leaves, and petioles.
Sclerenchyma: Thick, rigid cell walls, provide strength and support.
Xylem: Transports water and mineral salts from roots to the rest of the plant.
Phloem: Transports organic substances from leaves to the rest of the plant.
Epidermis: Outermost layer, protects the plant body, and controls gas exchange.

Meristematic Tissue

Apical meristem: Found at tips of roots and stems, responsible for growth in length.
Lateral meristem: Found between xylem and phloem in dicotyledonous plants, responsible for growth in thickness.

Leaf Structure

Epidermis: Protective layer, covered with waxy cuticle to reduce water loss.
Mesophyll: Contains palisade and spongy parenchyma cells with chloroplasts for photosynthesis.
Vascular bundles: Contain xylem for water transport and phloem for food transport.
Stomata: Openings for gas exchange and transpiration.

Stem Structure

Epidermis: Outer layer, provides protection.
Cortex: Contains collenchyma, parenchyma, and endodermis.
Central cylinder: Contains vascular bundles (xylem and phloem) and pith (parenchyma cells).
Cambium: Meristematic tissue between xylem and phloem, responsible for secondary thickening.

Water and Mineral Salt Uptak by Roots

Water moves by osmosis from the soil to the root hairs.
The pressure that builds up in the root hair is called turgor pressure.
Water moves through the root cortex, endodermis, pericycle, and then into the xylem.

Upward Movement of Water in Plants

Capillarity: Water moves upward in the xylem due to the adhesive and cohesive properties of water.
Root pressure: Pressure generated in the roots pushes water upward.
Transpiration pull: The loss of water vapor from the leaves creates a tension (suction force) that pulls water upward from the roots.

Translocation of Food

Translocation is the movement of organic substances from leaves to other parts of the plant.
It occurs in the phloem, driven by pressure gradients.

Transpiration

Loss of water vapor from the aerial parts of the plant, mainly through stomata.
Factors affecting transpiration rate: temperature, humidity, wind, and light.
Adaptations to reduce transpiration: small leaves, thorns, hairs, sunken stomata, and stomatal closure.

Blood Vessels

Arteries: Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart, thick walls with elastic fibers.
Veins: Carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart, thinner walls than arteries, contain valves to prevent backflow.
Capillaries: Small, thin-walled vessels connecting arteries and veins, facilitate exchange of substances between blood and cells.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the types and functions of nervous and plant tissues. This quiz covers the central and peripheral nervous systems, as well as meristematic and permanent tissues in plants. Get ready to explore the fascinating world of biology!