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Questions and Answers
What is a hallmark characteristic of nephrotic syndrome?
Which of the following symptoms is primarily associated with nephritic syndrome?
What is commonly observed in patients with nephrotic syndrome due to low albumin levels?
Which of the following features is least likely present in nephrotic syndrome?
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What primary condition is characterized by hypoalbuminemia and significant edema?
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In nephritic syndrome, what typically happens to the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?
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Which of the following is NOT a common cause of nephrotic syndrome?
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Which symptom is a common feature of nephritic syndrome but not nephrotic syndrome?
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How does hypertension typically present in nephrotic syndrome compared to nephritic syndrome?
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Study Notes
Nephrotic Syndrome
- Characterized by severe proteinuria, exceeding 3.5 g/day
- Hypoalbuminemia due to protein loss in urine, causing edema (periorbital in morning, lower extremities later in the day)
- Hyperlipidemia as a compensatory response to low albumin, liver increases lipoprotein synthesis
- May have lipiduria (fatty casts or oval fat bodies in the urine)
- Common causes: Minimal change disease, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), membranous nephropathy
Nephritic Syndrome
- Hematuria, often microscopic but can be gross, with dysmorphic red blood cells (RBCs) or RBC casts, indicating glomerular bleeding
- Hypertension due to salt and water retention
- Renal impairment with increased serum creatinine and decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
- Moderate proteinuria, less severe than nephrotic syndrome
- Possible oliguria (low urine output) and mild edema
Key Differences
- Nephrotic Syndrome: Severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, edema, minimal hematuria, no or mild hypertension
- Nephritic Syndrome: Hematuria, hypertension, renal impairment, moderate proteinuria
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Description
This quiz explores the key differences between nephrotic and nephritic syndromes, two distinct kidney disorders. It covers their characteristics, symptoms, common causes, and how they impact renal function. Test your understanding of these important medical conditions and improve your knowledge of nephrology.
