Nephrology: Nephron and Renal Tubules Functions

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Questions and Answers

What is reabsorbed at the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)?

  • Calcium and Magnesium
  • Creatinine and H+
  • 60% of H2O and Sodium (correct)
  • Electrolytes

Which of the following substances are not reabsorbed at the PCT?

  • Creatinine (correct)
  • Potassium (K+)
  • Glucose
  • Sodium

Where does Angiotensin II primarily work to reabsorb sodium and water?

  • Loop of Henle
  • Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT)
  • Collecting Duct
  • Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT) (correct)

Which part of the nephron contains Na/K/2Cl cotransporters for electrolyte reabsorption?

<p>Ascending Limb (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Aldosterone primarily reabsorb in the nephron?

<p>Sodium (Na) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells in the collecting duct are responsible for excreting hydrogen ions (H+)?

<p><em>Intercalated Cells</em> (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range of leukocytes in urine?

<p>Less than 5 leukocytes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe a higher than normal count of leukocytes in urine?

<p>Pyuria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical cause of acute urethral syndrome in women?

<p>Chlamydia, Staphylococcus, and E. coli (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of finding more than 30 neutrophils per high-power field in a urine sample?

<p>It indicates a rupture of a urinary tract abscess (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a drug that can cause crystal formation in the urine?

<p>Methotrexate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the presence of epithelial cells in urine suggest?

<p>Contamination from genital secretions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of proteinuria is associated with glomerular damage?

<p>Glomerular proteinuria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cast is indicative of acute tubular necrosis?

<p>Muddy brown granular casts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely cause of sterile pyuria in men?

<p>Prostatitis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is associated with the presence of eosinophils in urine?

<p>Acute interstitial nephritis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential cause of a false-positive result for albuminuria on a dipstick test?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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