Nephrology: Nephron and Renal Tubules Functions
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Questions and Answers

What is reabsorbed at the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)?

  • Calcium and Magnesium
  • Creatinine and H+
  • 60% of H2O and Sodium (correct)
  • Electrolytes

    • Which of the following substances are not reabsorbed at the PCT?

  • Creatinine (correct)
  • Potassium (K+)
  • Glucose
  • Sodium

    • Where does Angiotensin II primarily work to reabsorb sodium and water?

  • Loop of Henle
  • Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT)
  • Collecting Duct
  • Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT) (correct)

    • Which part of the nephron contains Na/K/2Cl cotransporters for electrolyte reabsorption?

    <p>Ascending Limb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Aldosterone primarily reabsorb in the nephron?

    <p>Sodium (Na)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells in the collecting duct are responsible for excreting hydrogen ions (H+)?

    <p><em>Intercalated Cells</em></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range of leukocytes in urine?

    <p>Less than 5 leukocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe a higher than normal count of leukocytes in urine?

    <p>Pyuria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical cause of acute urethral syndrome in women?

    <p>Chlamydia, Staphylococcus, and E. coli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of finding more than 30 neutrophils per high-power field in a urine sample?

    <p>It indicates a rupture of a urinary tract abscess</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a drug that can cause crystal formation in the urine?

    <p>Methotrexate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the presence of epithelial cells in urine suggest?

    <p>Contamination from genital secretions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of proteinuria is associated with glomerular damage?

    <p>Glomerular proteinuria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cast is indicative of acute tubular necrosis?

    <p>Muddy brown granular casts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely cause of sterile pyuria in men?

    <p>Prostatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is associated with the presence of eosinophils in urine?

    <p>Acute interstitial nephritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential cause of a false-positive result for albuminuria on a dipstick test?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

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