Nephrology: Nephron and Renal Tubules Functions

17 Questions

What is reabsorbed at the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)?

60% of H2O and Sodium

Which of the following substances are not reabsorbed at the PCT?

Creatinine

Where does Angiotensin II primarily work to reabsorb sodium and water?

Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)

Which part of the nephron contains Na/K/2Cl cotransporters for electrolyte reabsorption?

Ascending Limb

What does Aldosterone primarily reabsorb in the nephron?

Sodium (Na)

Which cells in the collecting duct are responsible for excreting hydrogen ions (H+)?

Intercalated Cells

What is the normal range of leukocytes in urine?

Less than 5 leukocytes

What is the term used to describe a higher than normal count of leukocytes in urine?

Pyuria

What is the typical cause of acute urethral syndrome in women?

Chlamydia, Staphylococcus, and E. coli

What is the significance of finding more than 30 neutrophils per high-power field in a urine sample?

It indicates a rupture of a urinary tract abscess

Which of the following is an example of a drug that can cause crystal formation in the urine?

Methotrexate

What does the presence of epithelial cells in urine suggest?

Contamination from genital secretions

What type of proteinuria is associated with glomerular damage?

Glomerular proteinuria

Which type of cast is indicative of acute tubular necrosis?

Muddy brown granular casts

What is the most likely cause of sterile pyuria in men?

Prostatitis

Which condition is associated with the presence of eosinophils in urine?

Acute interstitial nephritis

What is a potential cause of a false-positive result for albuminuria on a dipstick test?

All of the above

This quiz covers the functions of the nephron and renal tubules in the kidney, including reabsorption and secretion processes. Important topics to remember include specific substances reabsorbed and secreted at different parts of the nephron.

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