Nephrology: Nephron and Renal Function Quiz

17 Questions

What do struvite crystals consist of?

Phosphate, Ammonium, Magnesium

What does a high count of neutrophils in urine indicate?

Inflammation

What condition is denoted by the presence of leukocyte cast or mixed leukocyte-epithelial cell cast in urine?

Renal Origin

What is the significance of having more than 8 neutrophils per microliter in the clean catch urine specimen of women with acute urethral syndrome?

Presence of Pyuria and Dysuria

What does a urinary neutrophil count of more than 30 per high-power field suggest?

Acute Infection

Which of the following statements about dipstick tests for proteinuria is correct?

False-positive results can occur with alkaline urine and gross hematuria.

Which of the following is NOT a cause of sterile pyuria?

Urinary tract infection (UTI) with Escherichia coli

Which of the following cells found in urine sediment is indicative of acute tubular necrosis?

Renal tubular epithelial cells

Which of the following types of casts found in urine sediment is suggestive of acute interstitial nephritis (AIN)?

Leukocyte casts

Which of the following findings in urine sediment is indicative of glomerular nephritis?

Red blood cell casts

Which of the following statements about urine sediment analysis is correct?

The severity of acute kidney injury correlates with the number of casts and epithelial cells.

Which of the following statements about the nephron's functional units is correct?

The proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) reabsorbs all carbohydrates, proteins, and potassium.

Which of the following statements about the loop of Henle is correct?

The loop of Henle contains $Na^+/K^+/2Cl^-$ cotransporters that reabsorb these electrolytes.

Which of the following statements about the collecting duct is correct?

The collecting duct contains intercalated cells that excrete hydrogen ions, controlled by aldosterone.

Which of the following is an endogenous filtration marker used to assess kidney function?

Creatinine

Which of the following conditions is an example of a congenital or acquired structural abnormality of the kidney?

Unilateral agenesis

Which of the following transporters is found in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT)?

$NaCl$ cotransporter

Test your knowledge about the nephron, the functional unit of the kidney, and its components such as glomeruli, PCT, loop of Henle, and DCT. Learn about the reabsorption and secretion processes of different substances in the nephron.

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