Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus

What is the primary function of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

Primary polydipsia is a form of diabetes insipidus.

Which of the following is a common presenting feature of diabetes insipidus?

In cranial diabetes insipidus, the ______ does not produce ADH.

Match the type of diabetes insipidus with its cause:

A patient presents with polyuria and polydipsia. Initial investigations reveal low urine osmolality and high serum osmolality. Which condition is most likely?

Desmopressin is a synthetic form of ADH used to treat nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.

Which of the following medications is a known cause of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?

A key finding in the water deprivation test that suggests cranial diabetes insipidus is ______ urine osmolality after desmopressin administration.

Match each condition with the expected urine osmolality results after a water deprivation test, followed by desmopressin administration:

A patient with diabetes insipidus is found to have a brain tumor. Which type of diabetes insipidus is the patient most likely experiencing?

Hyperkalemia is a known cause of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.

Which of the following genetic inheritance patterns is associated with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?

The primary management for nephrogenic diabetes insipidus focuses on ensuring access to plenty of ______.

Match the cause of diabetes insipidus with the respective genetic inheritance pattern.

A patient undergoes a water deprivation test. After water deprivation, the urine osmolality remains low. Desmopressin is administered, and the urine osmolality remains low. What does this suggest?

In cranial diabetes insipidus, the kidneys are unable to respond to ADH.

Which of the following conditions can cause both diabetes insipidus and optic atrophy?

Desmopressin can lead to ______, which necessitates serum sodium monitoring.

Match the management strategies with the appropriate type of diabetes insipidus:

A patient with a known history of bipolar disorder presents with polyuria and polydipsia. They are currently managed with lithium. A water deprivation test shows low urine osmolality both before and after desmopressin administration. What is the most likely underlying cause of their polyuria and polydipsia?

NSAIDs are a first-line treatment option for cranial diabetes insipidus.

Which of the following electrolyte imbalances is associated with both the cause and a potential complication of diabetes insipidus management?

In a patient with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, ______ diuretics can paradoxically reduce polyuria.

Match each investigation result with the most likely underlying condition:

A previously healthy 25-year-old male presents with sudden onset polyuria, polydipsia and nocturia. His labs reveal a serum osmolality of 305 mOsm/kg, urine osmolality of 150 mOsm/kg, and normal serum sodium. A water deprivation test is performed and after 8 hours, his urine osmolality increases to 200 mOsm/kg. Desmopressin is administered, and urine osmolality increases to 550 mOsm/kg within 2 hours. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Genetic testing is not useful in distinguishing between different types of diabetes insipidus.

A patient with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is being managed with a combination of thiazide diuretics, NSAIDs, and a low-sodium diet. Despite these interventions, the patient's polyuria persists. What is the next best step in management?

In nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, thiazide diuretics reduce polyuria by inducing mild volume depletion, leading to increased ______ reabsorption in the proximal tubule.

Match the presentation/investigation findings with the most likely type of diabetes insipidus.

Which of the following statements regarding the management of diabetes insipidus is most accurate?

The primary goal of the water deprivation test is to differentiate between diabetes insipidus and diabetes mellitus.

In the water deprivation test, if urine osmolality is high after water deprivation, ______ can be ruled out.

Match the presenting feature to its definition:

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is secreted by which gland?

Hypercalcaemia (high calcium levels) can cause nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.

What is a typical urine output that qualifies as polyuria in the context of diabetes insipidus?

Another name for antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is ______.