Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following foods are considered complete proteins?
Which of the following foods are considered complete proteins?
- Fish (correct)
- Legumes
- Breads
- Nuts
Incomplete proteins provide all essential amino acids required for body functions.
Incomplete proteins provide all essential amino acids required for body functions.
False (B)
What is the purpose of plasma exchange therapy?
What is the purpose of plasma exchange therapy?
To remove plasma and glomerular-damaging antibodies.
The body's essential amino acids are necessary for growth and __________ maintenance.
The body's essential amino acids are necessary for growth and __________ maintenance.
Match the dietary components with their correct descriptions:
Match the dietary components with their correct descriptions:
Which specialist is NOT typically part of the healthcare team for a patient with nephritis?
Which specialist is NOT typically part of the healthcare team for a patient with nephritis?
A kidney biopsy is the least reliable diagnostic procedure for determining glomerular disorders.
A kidney biopsy is the least reliable diagnostic procedure for determining glomerular disorders.
What is the primary goal of treatment for patients with nephritis?
What is the primary goal of treatment for patients with nephritis?
Antistreptolysin O (ASO) titer is used to detect streptococcal exoenzymes that stimulate the immune response in __________ nephritis.
Antistreptolysin O (ASO) titer is used to detect streptococcal exoenzymes that stimulate the immune response in __________ nephritis.
Match the following diagnostic tests with their purpose:
Match the following diagnostic tests with their purpose:
Which of the following is a potential diagnostic test to evaluate kidney function?
Which of the following is a potential diagnostic test to evaluate kidney function?
A maternal-fetal medicine specialist is needed for the management of nephritis in children.
A maternal-fetal medicine specialist is needed for the management of nephritis in children.
What type of medical professional usually performs a kidney biopsy?
What type of medical professional usually performs a kidney biopsy?
What is the main indicator of kidney function that is entirely excreted by the kidneys?
What is the main indicator of kidney function that is entirely excreted by the kidneys?
Increased BUN levels indicate improved kidney function.
Increased BUN levels indicate improved kidney function.
What type of therapy aims to decrease inflammation and stop destruction of glomeruli?
What type of therapy aims to decrease inflammation and stop destruction of glomeruli?
The __________ is the amount of blood cleared of creatinine in one minute, indicating GFR.
The __________ is the amount of blood cleared of creatinine in one minute, indicating GFR.
Match the following BUN level with its associated condition:
Match the following BUN level with its associated condition:
Which drug class is commonly used to manage hypertension in glomerulonephritis?
Which drug class is commonly used to manage hypertension in glomerulonephritis?
Corticosteroids can sometimes mask the presence of an underlying infection.
Corticosteroids can sometimes mask the presence of an underlying infection.
What is the normal effect on urine creatinine levels when renal function declines?
What is the normal effect on urine creatinine levels when renal function declines?
The end product of protein metabolism measured by BUN is __________.
The end product of protein metabolism measured by BUN is __________.
Match the following symptoms to their associated conditions:
Match the following symptoms to their associated conditions:
Which of the following factors can lead to increased BUN levels?
Which of the following factors can lead to increased BUN levels?
Long-term corticosteroid use may lead to Cushing syndrome.
Long-term corticosteroid use may lead to Cushing syndrome.
What dietary restriction may be applied in patients with significant edema and hypertension?
What dietary restriction may be applied in patients with significant edema and hypertension?
Impaired kidney function alters the excretion of __________.
Impaired kidney function alters the excretion of __________.
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Study Notes
Nephritis
- Interprofessional healthcare team is needed to care for patients with nephritis.
- Team members include nephrologist, primary HCP, nurses, dietitians, social workers, skin specialists, pharmacists, endocrinologist, immunologist, home healthcare team, maternal-fetal medicine specialist, and school system (if the patient is a child).
- Goals of treatment are to prevent further damage to the kidneys, control underlying comorbid conditions, and reduce signs and symptoms.
Diagnostic Tests for Nephritis
- Throat or skin cultures detect infection by group A beta-hemolytic streptococci.
- Antistreptolysin O (ASO) titer and other blood tests detect streptococcal exoenzymes.
- Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is a general indicator of inflammatory response.
- KUB (kidney, ureter, bladder) x-ray evaluates kidney size and rules out other causes.
- Kidney scan is a nuclear medicine procedure that allows visualization of the kidney.
- Biopsy is the most reliable diagnostic procedure for glomerular disorders.
Laboratory Tests for Kidney Function
- Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) measures urea nitrogen, the end product of protein metabolism.
- Serum creatinine is a metabolic by-product, produced in relatively constant amounts by skeletal muscles.
- Urine creatinine is an indicator of renal function and the GFR.
- Creatinine clearance is a specific indicator of renal function used to evaluate the GFR.
- Serum electrolytes are evaluated because impaired kidney function alters their excretion.
- Urinalysis often shows RBCs and proteins in the urine of patients with a glomerular disorder.
Pharmacologic Therapy for Nephritis
- Penicillin-type antibiotic drugs can cure streptococcal infections and remove the stimulus for antibody production.
- Corticosteroid drugs suppress inflammation, decrease swelling and edema, but can lead to Cushing syndrome.
- Immunosuppressant drugs can be used to treat inflammation.
- Antihypertensive drugs are used to treat hypertension and reduce the risk of further damage to the glomeruli.
- Diuretic drugs are used to remove excess fluid from the body and lower the blood pressure.
Nonpharmacologic Therapy for Nephritis
- Strict intake and output measurement along with daily weight measurements is important.
- Sodium intake may be restricted in patients with significant edema or hypertension.
- Dietary protein may be restricted if azotemia is present.
- Bedrest may be ordered during acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis.
- Plasma exchange therapy (plasmapheresis) is used in conjunction with immunosuppressive therapy to treat RPGN and anti-GBM disease.
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