Nephritis Overview and Diagnostics
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following foods are considered complete proteins?

  • Fish (correct)
  • Legumes
  • Breads
  • Nuts

    • Incomplete proteins provide all essential amino acids required for body functions.

    False

    What is the purpose of plasma exchange therapy?

    To remove plasma and glomerular-damaging antibodies.

    The body's essential amino acids are necessary for growth and __________ maintenance.

    <p>tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the dietary components with their correct descriptions:

    <p>Complete proteins = Supply all essential amino acids Incomplete proteins = Lack one or more essential amino acids Plasma exchange therapy = Removes harmful antibodies Bedrest = Order during acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which specialist is NOT typically part of the healthcare team for a patient with nephritis?

    <p>Cardiologist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A kidney biopsy is the least reliable diagnostic procedure for determining glomerular disorders.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of treatment for patients with nephritis?

    <p>Prevent further damage to the kidneys.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Antistreptolysin O (ASO) titer is used to detect streptococcal exoenzymes that stimulate the immune response in __________ nephritis.

    <p>acute postinfection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following diagnostic tests with their purpose:

    <p>KUB x-ray = Evaluate kidney size and rule out other causes. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) = Indicator of inflammatory response. Biopsy = Determine type of nephritis. Throat cultures = Detect infection by group A beta-hemolytic streptococci.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential diagnostic test to evaluate kidney function?

    <p>Kidney scan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A maternal-fetal medicine specialist is needed for the management of nephritis in children.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of medical professional usually performs a kidney biopsy?

    <p>A nephrologist or specialized surgeon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main indicator of kidney function that is entirely excreted by the kidneys?

    <p>Serum creatinine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Increased BUN levels indicate improved kidney function.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of therapy aims to decrease inflammation and stop destruction of glomeruli?

    <p>Pharmacologic therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ is the amount of blood cleared of creatinine in one minute, indicating GFR.

    <p>creatinine clearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following BUN level with its associated condition:

    <p>Up to 50 mg/dL = Mild azotemia Greater than 100 mg/dL = Severe renal impairment Normal BUN levels = Healthy kidney function Elevated BUN due to dehydration = Increased protein catabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug class is commonly used to manage hypertension in glomerulonephritis?

    <p>ACE inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Corticosteroids can sometimes mask the presence of an underlying infection.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal effect on urine creatinine levels when renal function declines?

    <p>Decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The end product of protein metabolism measured by BUN is __________.

    <p>urea nitrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following symptoms to their associated conditions:

    <p>Edema of the ankles and legs = Glomerulonephritis Elevated BUN = Azotemia Elevated serum creatinine = Severe renal impairment Increased protein levels in urine = Glomerular disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors can lead to increased BUN levels?

    <p>Dehydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Long-term corticosteroid use may lead to Cushing syndrome.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What dietary restriction may be applied in patients with significant edema and hypertension?

    <p>Sodium restriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Impaired kidney function alters the excretion of __________.

    <p>serum electrolytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Nephritis

    • Interprofessional healthcare team is needed to care for patients with nephritis.
    • Team members include nephrologist, primary HCP, nurses, dietitians, social workers, skin specialists, pharmacists, endocrinologist, immunologist, home healthcare team, maternal-fetal medicine specialist, and school system (if the patient is a child).
    • Goals of treatment are to prevent further damage to the kidneys, control underlying comorbid conditions, and reduce signs and symptoms.

    Diagnostic Tests for Nephritis

    • Throat or skin cultures detect infection by group A beta-hemolytic streptococci.
    • Antistreptolysin O (ASO) titer and other blood tests detect streptococcal exoenzymes.
    • Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is a general indicator of inflammatory response.
    • KUB (kidney, ureter, bladder) x-ray evaluates kidney size and rules out other causes.
    • Kidney scan is a nuclear medicine procedure that allows visualization of the kidney.
    • Biopsy is the most reliable diagnostic procedure for glomerular disorders.

    Laboratory Tests for Kidney Function

    • Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) measures urea nitrogen, the end product of protein metabolism.
    • Serum creatinine is a metabolic by-product, produced in relatively constant amounts by skeletal muscles.
    • Urine creatinine is an indicator of renal function and the GFR.
    • Creatinine clearance is a specific indicator of renal function used to evaluate the GFR.
    • Serum electrolytes are evaluated because impaired kidney function alters their excretion.
    • Urinalysis often shows RBCs and proteins in the urine of patients with a glomerular disorder.

    Pharmacologic Therapy for Nephritis

    • Penicillin-type antibiotic drugs can cure streptococcal infections and remove the stimulus for antibody production.
    • Corticosteroid drugs suppress inflammation, decrease swelling and edema, but can lead to Cushing syndrome.
    • Immunosuppressant drugs can be used to treat inflammation.
    • Antihypertensive drugs are used to treat hypertension and reduce the risk of further damage to the glomeruli.
    • Diuretic drugs are used to remove excess fluid from the body and lower the blood pressure.

    Nonpharmacologic Therapy for Nephritis

    • Strict intake and output measurement along with daily weight measurements is important.
    • Sodium intake may be restricted in patients with significant edema or hypertension.
    • Dietary protein may be restricted if azotemia is present.
    • Bedrest may be ordered during acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis.
    • Plasma exchange therapy (plasmapheresis) is used in conjunction with immunosuppressive therapy to treat RPGN and anti-GBM disease.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the interprofessional healthcare team required for managing nephritis, including various specialists and their roles. It also highlights important diagnostic tests used to detect infections and evaluate kidney function. Gain a comprehensive understanding of nephritis management and associated healthcare strategies.

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