29 Questions
What does the TNM system stand for in cancer staging?
Tumor, Node, Metastasis
Which stage of cancer is typically localized to one part of the body and usually curable?
Stage I
What is the main focus of cancer grading?
Cell differentiation & Rate of growth
Which of the following is NOT an example of a carcinogen mentioned in the text?
Insulin
What does a Stage IV cancer indicate?
Metastasis to other organs or throughout the body
How are the T stages described in the TNM system?
Increasing size of the primary tumor
What is the first sequence of events in the invasion of epithelial basement membranes?
Tumor cells detach from each other
Which pathway is the most common for carcinoma metastasis?
Lymphatic pathway
How are tumors classified based on grading?
By degree of differentiation and number of mitosis of tumor cells
Which stage of tumor classification represents poorly differentiated tumors?
Grade I
What is the typical pathway for sarcoma metastasis?
Hematogenous pathway
What is the final step after tumor cells come to rest at another site during metastasis?
Tumor cells re-penetrate vessel walls and multiply
What is the relationship between stress, immune system, and cancer according to the text?
Cancer cells make proteins that tell the immune system to help them grow.
What is a tumor marker based on the provided text?
Tumor markers can be normal proteins or hormones that increase in neoplasms.
How are families with hereditary predisposition to cancer described in the text?
Certain families are more susceptible to getting certain cancers due to genetic factors.
What is the main function of tumor markers according to the text?
To screen for cancer, monitor treatment efficacy, and detect recurrence.
Which tumor marker is specifically mentioned as increasing in lung cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer, pancreas cancer, and stomach cancer?
Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA)
What term is used to describe cells that are significantly abnormal but not cancerous?
Dysplastic cells
Which characteristic of malignant neoplasms refers to variation in size and shape of tumor cells?
Pleomorphism
What is a defining feature of carcinoma 'in situ'?
Intact basement membrane
Which factor contributes to the rapid growth of most malignant tumors?
Abundant mitosis
What term describes the loss of normal orientation in malignant tumors, leading to haphazard growth patterns?
Loss of differentiation
Which connective tissue type is highlighted as an example that can undergo necrosis and hemorrhage?
Fibrous tissue
What is a distinguishing characteristic of benign neoplasms?
Absence of a capsule
Which type of tumor arises from transformed cells of mesenchymal origin?
Sarcoma
Which type of tumor often shows atypical structure with anaplasia?
Malignant neoplasm
Where do carcinomas primarily arise from?
Epithelial and glandular tissue
What is a distinguishing characteristic of leiomyosarcomas compared to leiomyomas?
Presence of local invasion
Which type of tumor is more likely to present with necrosis?
Adenocarcinoma
Test your knowledge on the characteristics of benign and malignant neoplasms, including differentiation, rate of growth, local invasion, and more.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
