47 Questions
Which stage of thyroid carcinoma has: marked pleomorphism, high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratios, hyperchromatic nuclei, abnormal nuclear contours, prominent nucleoli, and loss of normal polarity
anaplastic - undifferentiated
What is the definition of dysplasia?
Loss of the organizational structure of cells
In what type of neoplasm does pleural, peritoneal cavities, and cerebral ventricles seeding occur?
Carcinoma
Which tumor type is classified based on the basis of the cell of origin, microscopic pattern, and macroscopic pattern?
Epithelial benign tumors
what is paraneoplastic syndrome
Rare disorder as a result of an abnormal immune system response to the tumor, rather than the direct effects of the tumor itself
What is the distinct feature of carcinoma in-situ?
Penetration of the basement membrane by malignant cells
Which tumor arises from mesenchymal tissue?
Sarcoma
What is a characteristic feature of benign tumors?
Usually grows slowly and is affected by blood supply and hormonal effects
What is the study of tumors called?
Oncology
What is the main characteristic that distinguishes benign from malignant neoplasms?
Nature of cellular differentiation
What is the functional tissue component of a tumor called?
Parenchyma
What does the suffix '-oma' typically denote in tumor nomenclature?
Type of cell
What term is used to describe the variation in size and shape of cells within a tissue sample?
Pleomorphism
Which component of a tumor determines its biological behavior?
Parenchyma
What term refers to the extent to which the parenchymal cells of a tumor resemble their normal counterparts morphologically and functionally?
Differentiation
What does a high nuclear/cytoplasm ratio (N/C ratio) indicate in histological examination of a tumor?
Anaplasia
What does hyperchromasia indicate in histological examination of a tumor?
Anaplasia
Which neoplasm will remain localized and cannot spread to distant sites?
Benign neoplasm
Which of the following best describes neoplasia?
Abnormal mass of autonomous cells
What are the two basic components of a neoplasm as described in the text?
Proliferating neoplastic cells and reactive stroma
Which suffix is typically used for naming benign tumors?
-oma
In tumor nomenclature, which suffix is used for tumors arising from glandular epithelium?
-carcinoma
What is the term used for a tumor that shows variation in size and shape of cells within a tissue sample?
Dysplastic tumor
What is the term for a genetic disease caused by DNA mutations that are monoclonal in essence and inherited?
Retinoblastoma
Which of the following conditions is characterized by abnormal cells within a tissue or organ, leading to uncontrolled growth disregarding the normal rule of cell division?
Anaplasia
What does the suffix '-sarcoma' typically denote in tumor nomenclature?
Mesenchymal neoplasm
Which of the following features is a characteristic of invasive carcinoma?
Locally invasive, infiltrating the surrounding normal tissues
What term is used to describe the variation in size and shape of cells within a tissue sample?
Pleomorphism
Which condition involves loss of cellular uniformity and orientation, hyperchromatic nuclei, and increased mitosis?
Anaplasia
What is the term for the study of tumors?
Oncology
Which of the following is NOT commonly associated with paraneoplastic syndromes?
Hypertension
What term refers to the extent to which the parenchymal cells of a tumor resemble their normal counterparts morphologically and functionally?
Differentiation
In what type of neoplasm does pleural, peritoneal cavities, and cerebral ventricles seeding occur?
Malignant tumors (cancerous)
Which neoplasm will remain localized and cannot spread to distant sites?
Basal cell carcinoma
What is the functional tissue component of a tumor called?
Parenchyma
Which of the following is NOT considered an environmental factor that can induce cancer?
Mutations in DNA replication
What virus is a chief suspect for causing cervix cancer?
Human papilloma virus (HPV)
Which of the following is a physical carcinogen?
UV rays
What is the genetic change that can lead to uncontrolled cell division and cancer?
Mutation in proto-oncogene
What is the function of a tumor suppressor gene?
Acts to regulate cell division
Which type of tumor marker can be found in the blood, urine, stool, or other bodily fluids?
Circulating markers
What do tumor tissue markers help to do?
Estimate prognosis
What is the role of an oncogene in regulating normal cell division?
Plays a role in regulating normal cell division
What is the main characteristic of circulating tumor markers?
Present in blood, urine, stool, or other bodily fluids
What is the primary role of a tumor suppressor gene?
Acts to regulate cell division
What is the role of a proto-oncogene before it becomes mutated?
Plays a role in regulating normal cell division
Which type of marker is used to monitor whether the treatment has stopped working?
Circulating markers
This quiz covers the definition and characteristics of neoplasia, including benign and malignant tumors. It also includes the study of tumors known as oncology.
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