Neoplasia and Tumors
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Questions and Answers

Which stage of thyroid carcinoma has: marked pleomorphism, high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratios, hyperchromatic nuclei, abnormal nuclear contours, prominent nucleoli, and loss of normal polarity

  • papillary (conventional) - well differentiated
  • follicular - well diff
  • medullar - poorly differentiated (insular)
  • anaplastic - undifferentiated (correct)

    • What is the definition of dysplasia?

  • An intraepithelial malignancy in which malignant cells involve the entire thickness of the epithelium without penetration of the basement membrane
  • Loss of the organizational structure of cells (correct)
  • Increased cell production
  • Development of secondary implants discontinuous with the primary tumor

    • In what type of neoplasm does pleural, peritoneal cavities, and cerebral ventricles seeding occur?

  • Adenoma
  • Carcinoma (correct)
  • Sarcoma
  • Papilloma

    • Which tumor type is classified based on the basis of the cell of origin, microscopic pattern, and macroscopic pattern?

    <p>Epithelial benign tumors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    what is paraneoplastic syndrome

    <p>Rare disorder as a result of an abnormal immune system response to the tumor, rather than the direct effects of the tumor itself</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinct feature of carcinoma in-situ?

    <p>Penetration of the basement membrane by malignant cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tumor arises from mesenchymal tissue?

    <p>Sarcoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of benign tumors?

    <p>Usually grows slowly and is affected by blood supply and hormonal effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the study of tumors called?

    <p>Oncology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic that distinguishes benign from malignant neoplasms?

    <p>Nature of cellular differentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the functional tissue component of a tumor called?

    <p>Parenchyma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the suffix '-oma' typically denote in tumor nomenclature?

    <p>Type of cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe the variation in size and shape of cells within a tissue sample?

    <p>Pleomorphism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of a tumor determines its biological behavior?

    <p>Parenchyma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term refers to the extent to which the parenchymal cells of a tumor resemble their normal counterparts morphologically and functionally?

    <p>Differentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a high nuclear/cytoplasm ratio (N/C ratio) indicate in histological examination of a tumor?

    <p>Anaplasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does hyperchromasia indicate in histological examination of a tumor?

    <p>Anaplasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neoplasm will remain localized and cannot spread to distant sites?

    <p>Benign neoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes neoplasia?

    <p>Abnormal mass of autonomous cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two basic components of a neoplasm as described in the text?

    <p>Proliferating neoplastic cells and reactive stroma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which suffix is typically used for naming benign tumors?

    <p>-oma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In tumor nomenclature, which suffix is used for tumors arising from glandular epithelium?

    <p>-carcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for a tumor that shows variation in size and shape of cells within a tissue sample?

    <p>Dysplastic tumor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a genetic disease caused by DNA mutations that are monoclonal in essence and inherited?

    <p>Retinoblastoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is characterized by abnormal cells within a tissue or organ, leading to uncontrolled growth disregarding the normal rule of cell division?

    <p>Anaplasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the suffix '-sarcoma' typically denote in tumor nomenclature?

    <p>Mesenchymal neoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following features is a characteristic of invasive carcinoma?

    <p>Locally invasive, infiltrating the surrounding normal tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe the variation in size and shape of cells within a tissue sample?

    <p>Pleomorphism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition involves loss of cellular uniformity and orientation, hyperchromatic nuclei, and increased mitosis?

    <p>Anaplasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the study of tumors?

    <p>Oncology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT commonly associated with paraneoplastic syndromes?

    <p>Hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term refers to the extent to which the parenchymal cells of a tumor resemble their normal counterparts morphologically and functionally?

    <p>Differentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what type of neoplasm does pleural, peritoneal cavities, and cerebral ventricles seeding occur?

    <p>Malignant tumors (cancerous)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neoplasm will remain localized and cannot spread to distant sites?

    <p>Basal cell carcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the functional tissue component of a tumor called?

    <p>Parenchyma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered an environmental factor that can induce cancer?

    <p>Mutations in DNA replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What virus is a chief suspect for causing cervix cancer?

    <p>Human papilloma virus (HPV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a physical carcinogen?

    <p>UV rays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the genetic change that can lead to uncontrolled cell division and cancer?

    <p>Mutation in proto-oncogene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a tumor suppressor gene?

    <p>Acts to regulate cell division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tumor marker can be found in the blood, urine, stool, or other bodily fluids?

    <p>Circulating markers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do tumor tissue markers help to do?

    <p>Estimate prognosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of an oncogene in regulating normal cell division?

    <p>Plays a role in regulating normal cell division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of circulating tumor markers?

    <p>Present in blood, urine, stool, or other bodily fluids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of a tumor suppressor gene?

    <p>Acts to regulate cell division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a proto-oncogene before it becomes mutated?

    <p>Plays a role in regulating normal cell division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of marker is used to monitor whether the treatment has stopped working?

    <p>Circulating markers</p> Signup and view all the answers

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