Neoplasia and Tumor Classification
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Neoplasia and Tumor Classification

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Questions and Answers

What is neoplasia?

  • A benign tumor that serves a useful function
  • A normal mass formed by controlled cellular proliferation
  • An abnormal mass formed by unlimited cellular proliferation (correct)
  • A malignant tumor that is controlled by the body
  • What is the classification of tumors based on?

  • Tumor shape and color
  • Tumor size and location
  • Tumor behavior and tissue of origin (correct)
  • Tumor age and gender
  • What is the suffix used for malignant mesenchymal tumors?

  • Carcinoma
  • Lymphoma
  • Melanoma
  • Sarcoma (correct)
  • What is the characteristic growth pattern of malignant tumors?

    <p>Rapid and expansion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic gross picture of malignant tumors?

    <p>Irregular and uncapsulated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic microscopic feature of malignant tumors?

    <p>Loss of cellular differentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a cytological feature of malignant tumor cells?

    <p>Pleomorphism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an exception to the rule of tumor naming?

    <p>Seminoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of malignant tumors in terms of their mitotic activity?

    <p>Increased mitotic activity with abnormal mitotic figures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between the mode of growth of benign and malignant tumors?

    <p>Benign tumors expand, while malignant tumors infiltrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor used to grade malignant tumors?

    <p>Degree of differentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the TNM system in staging malignant tumors?

    <p>To assess the tumor size, lymph node involvement, and metastasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of Grade I (well-differentiated) tumors?

    <p>More than 75% of tumor cells resemble normal tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between benign and malignant tumors in terms of metastasis?

    <p>Benign tumors cannot metastasize, while malignant tumors can</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prognosis of tumors that are Grade I (well-differentiated) and Stage T1 N0 M0?

    <p>Good prognosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of Stage T4 N4 M1 tumors?

    <p>Large tumor size with lymph node involvement and distant metastasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Neoplasia

    • Neoplasia is an abnormal mass formed by unlimited cellular proliferation that is not controlled by the body's mechanisms of growth and has no useful function.

    Classification of Tumors

    • Tumors can be classified into three categories based on their behavior:
      • Benign tumors
      • Malignant tumors
      • Locally malignant tumors
    • Tumors can also be classified based on the tissue of origin:
      • Epithelial tumors: arise from epithelial tissues
      • Mesenchymal tumors: arise from all other body tissues

    Naming of Tumors

    • Malignant mesenchymal tumors are named by adding the suffix "sarcoma" to the cell of origin (e.g. fibrosarcoma, liposarcoma)
    • Malignant epithelial tumors are named by adding the suffix "carcinoma" to the epithelial tissue type (e.g. squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma)

    General Features of Malignant Tumors

    • Rapid rate of growth
    • Irregular shape with ill-defined borders
    • Loss of cellular differentiation
    • Tumor cells show cytological features of malignancy, including:
      • Pleomorphism
      • Hyperchromatism
      • Increased nucleocytoplasmic ratio
      • Increased mitotic activity
      • Loss of polarity
      • Tumor giant cells
      • Highly vascular stroma
      • Hemorrhage, degeneration, and necrosis
    • Recurrence and metastasis are common
    • Malignant tumors are usually fatal regardless of site

    Grading of Malignant Tumors

    • Grading is based on the degree of differentiation, with resemblance to normal tissue of origin
    • Grades:
      • I: Well-differentiated (more than 75% of tumor cells resemble normal tissue)
      • II: Moderately-differentiated (50%-75% of tumor cells resemble normal tissue)
      • III: Poorly-differentiated (25%-50% of tumor cells resemble normal tissue)
      • IV: Undifferentiated, anaplastic (less than 25% of tumor cells resemble normal tissue)

    Staging of Malignant Tumors

    • TNM system classification, based on three factors:
      • Tumor size (T)
      • Lymph node involvement (N)
      • Metastasis (M)
    • Tumors that carry the best prognosis are those of Grade I, Stage T1 N0 M0
    • Tumors that carry the worst prognosis are those of Grade IV, Stage T4 N4 M1

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    Description

    This quiz covers the concept of neoplasia, types of tumor classification based on behavior and tissue of origin, and characteristics of benign and malignant tumors.

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