Neoplasia and Tumor Classification

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Questions and Answers

What is neoplasia?

A benign tumor that serves a useful function

A normal mass formed by controlled cellular proliferation

An abnormal mass formed by unlimited cellular proliferation (correct)

A malignant tumor that is controlled by the body

What is the classification of tumors based on?

Tumor shape and color

Tumor size and location

Tumor behavior and tissue of origin (correct)

Tumor age and gender

What is the suffix used for malignant mesenchymal tumors?

Carcinoma

Lymphoma

Melanoma

Sarcoma (correct)

What is the characteristic growth pattern of malignant tumors?

Rapid and expansion Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic gross picture of malignant tumors?

Irregular and uncapsulated Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic microscopic feature of malignant tumors?

Loss of cellular differentiation Signup and view all the answers

What is a cytological feature of malignant tumor cells?

Pleomorphism Signup and view all the answers

What is an exception to the rule of tumor naming?

Seminoma Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of malignant tumors in terms of their mitotic activity?

Increased mitotic activity with abnormal mitotic figures Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between the mode of growth of benign and malignant tumors?

Benign tumors expand, while malignant tumors infiltrate Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor used to grade malignant tumors?

Degree of differentiation Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the TNM system in staging malignant tumors?

To assess the tumor size, lymph node involvement, and metastasis Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of Grade I (well-differentiated) tumors?

More than 75% of tumor cells resemble normal tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between benign and malignant tumors in terms of metastasis?

Benign tumors cannot metastasize, while malignant tumors can Signup and view all the answers

What is the prognosis of tumors that are Grade I (well-differentiated) and Stage T1 N0 M0?

Good prognosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of Stage T4 N4 M1 tumors?

Large tumor size with lymph node involvement and distant metastasis Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Neoplasia

Neoplasia is an abnormal mass formed by unlimited cellular proliferation that is not controlled by the body's mechanisms of growth and has no useful function.

Classification of Tumors

Tumors can be classified into three categories based on their behavior:
- Benign tumors
- Malignant tumors
- Locally malignant tumors
Tumors can also be classified based on the tissue of origin:
- Epithelial tumors: arise from epithelial tissues
- Mesenchymal tumors: arise from all other body tissues

Naming of Tumors

Malignant mesenchymal tumors are named by adding the suffix "sarcoma" to the cell of origin (e.g. fibrosarcoma, liposarcoma)
Malignant epithelial tumors are named by adding the suffix "carcinoma" to the epithelial tissue type (e.g. squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma)

General Features of Malignant Tumors

Rapid rate of growth
Irregular shape with ill-defined borders
Loss of cellular differentiation
Tumor cells show cytological features of malignancy, including:
- Pleomorphism
- Hyperchromatism
- Increased nucleocytoplasmic ratio
- Increased mitotic activity
- Loss of polarity
- Tumor giant cells
- Highly vascular stroma
- Hemorrhage, degeneration, and necrosis
Recurrence and metastasis are common
Malignant tumors are usually fatal regardless of site

Grading of Malignant Tumors

Grading is based on the degree of differentiation, with resemblance to normal tissue of origin
Grades:
- I: Well-differentiated (more than 75% of tumor cells resemble normal tissue)
- II: Moderately-differentiated (50%-75% of tumor cells resemble normal tissue)
- III: Poorly-differentiated (25%-50% of tumor cells resemble normal tissue)
- IV: Undifferentiated, anaplastic (less than 25% of tumor cells resemble normal tissue)

Staging of Malignant Tumors

TNM system classification, based on three factors:
- Tumor size (T)
- Lymph node involvement (N)
- Metastasis (M)
Tumors that carry the best prognosis are those of Grade I, Stage T1 N0 M0
Tumors that carry the worst prognosis are those of Grade IV, Stage T4 N4 M1

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Description

This quiz covers the concept of neoplasia, types of tumor classification based on behavior and tissue of origin, and characteristics of benign and malignant tumors.