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Questions and Answers
What is the main component of a neoplasm?
What is the main component of a neoplasm?
What determines the classification of tumors based on cell of origin?
What determines the classification of tumors based on cell of origin?
What is the term for a tumor that arises from more than one germ cell layer?
What is the term for a tumor that arises from more than one germ cell layer?
What is the suffix added to the cell type to form the name of a benign tumor?
What is the suffix added to the cell type to form the name of a benign tumor?
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What is the term for a malignant neoplasm of epithelial cell origin?
What is the term for a malignant neoplasm of epithelial cell origin?
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What is the type of epithelium that gives rise to urothelial carcinoma?
What is the type of epithelium that gives rise to urothelial carcinoma?
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What is the term for a benign tumor that arises from mesenchymal tissue?
What is the term for a benign tumor that arises from mesenchymal tissue?
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What is the level of differentiation of neoplastic cells in a malignant neoplasm?
What is the level of differentiation of neoplastic cells in a malignant neoplasm?
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What is the term used to describe a genetic disorder of cell growth that is triggered by acquired or inherited mutations?
What is the term used to describe a genetic disorder of cell growth that is triggered by acquired or inherited mutations?
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What does the term 'oncology' refer to?
What does the term 'oncology' refer to?
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What is the term used to describe a swelling caused by inflammation?
What is the term used to describe a swelling caused by inflammation?
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What is the characteristic of a neoplastic tumor cell's growth?
What is the characteristic of a neoplastic tumor cell's growth?
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What is the term used to describe a disordered growth?
What is the term used to describe a disordered growth?
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What is the term used to describe a congenital anomaly characterized by a heterotopic nest of cells?
What is the term used to describe a congenital anomaly characterized by a heterotopic nest of cells?
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What is the term for a malignant tumor arising from mesenchymal tissue?
What is the term for a malignant tumor arising from mesenchymal tissue?
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What is the term used to describe a benign-appearing mass composed of cells indigenous to the particular site?
What is the term used to describe a benign-appearing mass composed of cells indigenous to the particular site?
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Which type of tumor is characterized by the presence of both epithelial and mesenchymal components?
Which type of tumor is characterized by the presence of both epithelial and mesenchymal components?
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What is the term used to describe a malignant tumor?
What is the term used to describe a malignant tumor?
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What is the term for a tumor that comprises multiple tissues foreign to the site of growth?
What is the term for a tumor that comprises multiple tissues foreign to the site of growth?
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Which of the following is a benign tumor of fat?
Which of the following is a benign tumor of fat?
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What is the suffix used to form the name of a tumor?
What is the suffix used to form the name of a tumor?
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Which of the following is a characteristic that distinguishes benign tumors from malignant tumors?
Which of the following is a characteristic that distinguishes benign tumors from malignant tumors?
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What is the term for a malignant tumor of skeletal muscle?
What is the term for a malignant tumor of skeletal muscle?
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Which of the following is an example of a malignant tumor of glandular epithelium?
Which of the following is an example of a malignant tumor of glandular epithelium?
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What is characterized by the reversible replacement of one mature cell type with undifferentiated cells of abnormal sizes and shapes?
What is characterized by the reversible replacement of one mature cell type with undifferentiated cells of abnormal sizes and shapes?
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What is a precancerous condition that may not necessarily progress to cancer?
What is a precancerous condition that may not necessarily progress to cancer?
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What is the term for the abnormal growth of cells that can be benign or malignant?
What is the term for the abnormal growth of cells that can be benign or malignant?
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Which type of neoplasm is characterized by invasive growth and the ability to metastasize?
Which type of neoplasm is characterized by invasive growth and the ability to metastasize?
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What is the term for the reversal of abnormal cell growth to normal cell growth?
What is the term for the reversal of abnormal cell growth to normal cell growth?
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What is the term for the change in cell type from one adult cell type to another?
What is the term for the change in cell type from one adult cell type to another?
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What is the term for the abnormal growth of cells that is confined to a specific site and does not invade adjacent tissues?
What is the term for the abnormal growth of cells that is confined to a specific site and does not invade adjacent tissues?
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What is the term for the growth of cells that can invade and destroy adjacent tissues and spread to distant sites?
What is the term for the growth of cells that can invade and destroy adjacent tissues and spread to distant sites?
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What does differentiation refer to in the context of neoplastic cells?
What does differentiation refer to in the context of neoplastic cells?
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What is the characteristic of a well-differentiated neoplasm?
What is the characteristic of a well-differentiated neoplasm?
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What is anaplasia?
What is anaplasia?
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What is the characteristic of an undifferentiated or anaplastic tumor?
What is the characteristic of an undifferentiated or anaplastic tumor?
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What is the characteristic of a moderately well-differentiated neoplasm?
What is the characteristic of a moderately well-differentiated neoplasm?
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What is the characteristic of benign tumors?
What is the characteristic of benign tumors?
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What is the correlation between differentiation and biologic behavior?
What is the correlation between differentiation and biologic behavior?
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What is the significance of anaplasia in tumor behavior?
What is the significance of anaplasia in tumor behavior?
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Study Notes
Neoplasia and Terminology
- Neoplasia means "new growth" (Neo...new, Plasia...growth)
- Neoplasm is the collection of cells and stroma composing new growths
- Modern definition: a genetic disorder of cell growth triggered by acquired or inherited mutations affecting a single cell and its clonal progeny
- Tumor originally described swelling caused by inflammation, now equated with neoplasm
- Oncology (Greek oncos = tumor) is the study of tumors or neoplasms
Classification of Neoplasms
- Based on clinical and biological behavior: two main groups - Benign and Malignant
- Benign: innocent, amenable to surgical removal, remain localized, well-differentiated
- Malignant: referred to as Cancer, can invade and destroy adjacent tissues, and spread to distant sites
Characteristics of Benign vs Malignant Tumors
- Four fundamental rules to differentiate benign from malignant tumors:
- Differentiation & Anaplasia
- Rate of growth
- Local invasion
- Metastasis
Nomenclature of Neoplasms
- Benign tumors: suffix "-oma" added to the cell type from which the tumor arises (e.g., adenoma, lipoma)
- Malignant neoplasms of epithelial cell origin: called carcinomas (e.g., squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma)
- Malignant tumors arising from mesenchymal tissue: called sarcomas (e.g., fibrosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma)
Tumor Structure
- Two basic components:
- Parenchyma: composed of clonal/transformed neoplastic cells
- Reactive stroma (Non-Neoplastic supporting tissues): composed of connective tissue, blood vessels, and variable numbers of macrophages and lymphocytes
Other Key Points
- Dysplasia: disordered growth, reversible replacement of one mature cell type with undifferentiated cells
- Carcinoma in situ: precancerous stage, marked dysplasia involving entire thickness of epithelium
- Hamartoma: benign-appearing masses composed of disorganized cells indigenous to the particular site
- Choristoma: congenital anomaly, heterotopic nest of cells, mature normal tissue at an abnormal site
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Description
Learn about the definition and classification of neoplasms, tumors, and oncology. Understand the meaning of neoplasia, neoplasm, and its relation to cell growth and mutations.
