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Questions and Answers
What is the main component of a neoplasm?
What determines the classification of tumors based on cell of origin?
What is the term for a tumor that arises from more than one germ cell layer?
What is the suffix added to the cell type to form the name of a benign tumor?
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What is the term for a malignant neoplasm of epithelial cell origin?
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What is the type of epithelium that gives rise to urothelial carcinoma?
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What is the term for a benign tumor that arises from mesenchymal tissue?
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What is the level of differentiation of neoplastic cells in a malignant neoplasm?
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What is the term used to describe a genetic disorder of cell growth that is triggered by acquired or inherited mutations?
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What does the term 'oncology' refer to?
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What is the term used to describe a swelling caused by inflammation?
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What is the characteristic of a neoplastic tumor cell's growth?
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What is the term used to describe a disordered growth?
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What is the term used to describe a congenital anomaly characterized by a heterotopic nest of cells?
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What is the term for a malignant tumor arising from mesenchymal tissue?
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What is the term used to describe a benign-appearing mass composed of cells indigenous to the particular site?
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Which type of tumor is characterized by the presence of both epithelial and mesenchymal components?
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What is the term used to describe a malignant tumor?
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What is the term for a tumor that comprises multiple tissues foreign to the site of growth?
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Which of the following is a benign tumor of fat?
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What is the suffix used to form the name of a tumor?
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Which of the following is a characteristic that distinguishes benign tumors from malignant tumors?
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What is the term for a malignant tumor of skeletal muscle?
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Which of the following is an example of a malignant tumor of glandular epithelium?
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What is characterized by the reversible replacement of one mature cell type with undifferentiated cells of abnormal sizes and shapes?
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What is a precancerous condition that may not necessarily progress to cancer?
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What is the term for the abnormal growth of cells that can be benign or malignant?
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Which type of neoplasm is characterized by invasive growth and the ability to metastasize?
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What is the term for the reversal of abnormal cell growth to normal cell growth?
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What is the term for the change in cell type from one adult cell type to another?
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What is the term for the abnormal growth of cells that is confined to a specific site and does not invade adjacent tissues?
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What is the term for the growth of cells that can invade and destroy adjacent tissues and spread to distant sites?
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What does differentiation refer to in the context of neoplastic cells?
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What is the characteristic of a well-differentiated neoplasm?
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What is anaplasia?
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What is the characteristic of an undifferentiated or anaplastic tumor?
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What is the characteristic of a moderately well-differentiated neoplasm?
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What is the characteristic of benign tumors?
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What is the correlation between differentiation and biologic behavior?
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What is the significance of anaplasia in tumor behavior?
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Study Notes
Neoplasia and Terminology
- Neoplasia means "new growth" (Neo...new, Plasia...growth)
- Neoplasm is the collection of cells and stroma composing new growths
- Modern definition: a genetic disorder of cell growth triggered by acquired or inherited mutations affecting a single cell and its clonal progeny
- Tumor originally described swelling caused by inflammation, now equated with neoplasm
- Oncology (Greek oncos = tumor) is the study of tumors or neoplasms
Classification of Neoplasms
- Based on clinical and biological behavior: two main groups - Benign and Malignant
- Benign: innocent, amenable to surgical removal, remain localized, well-differentiated
- Malignant: referred to as Cancer, can invade and destroy adjacent tissues, and spread to distant sites
Characteristics of Benign vs Malignant Tumors
- Four fundamental rules to differentiate benign from malignant tumors:
- Differentiation & Anaplasia
- Rate of growth
- Local invasion
- Metastasis
Nomenclature of Neoplasms
- Benign tumors: suffix "-oma" added to the cell type from which the tumor arises (e.g., adenoma, lipoma)
- Malignant neoplasms of epithelial cell origin: called carcinomas (e.g., squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma)
- Malignant tumors arising from mesenchymal tissue: called sarcomas (e.g., fibrosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma)
Tumor Structure
- Two basic components:
- Parenchyma: composed of clonal/transformed neoplastic cells
- Reactive stroma (Non-Neoplastic supporting tissues): composed of connective tissue, blood vessels, and variable numbers of macrophages and lymphocytes
Other Key Points
- Dysplasia: disordered growth, reversible replacement of one mature cell type with undifferentiated cells
- Carcinoma in situ: precancerous stage, marked dysplasia involving entire thickness of epithelium
- Hamartoma: benign-appearing masses composed of disorganized cells indigenous to the particular site
- Choristoma: congenital anomaly, heterotopic nest of cells, mature normal tissue at an abnormal site
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Description
Learn about the definition and classification of neoplasms, tumors, and oncology. Understand the meaning of neoplasia, neoplasm, and its relation to cell growth and mutations.
