Neoplasia vs Cancer: Understand the Differences Quiz and Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is the main component of a neoplasm?

Reactive stroma

Germ cell layer

Epithelial tissue

Parenchyma (correct)

What determines the classification of tumors based on cell of origin?

Level of differentiation

Germ cell layer (correct)

Number of parenchymal cell types

Type of neoplasm

What is the term for a tumor that arises from more than one germ cell layer?

Carcinoma

Sarcoma

Teratoma (correct)

Mixed tumor

What is the suffix added to the cell type to form the name of a benign tumor?

-oma (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a malignant neoplasm of epithelial cell origin?

Carcinoma (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of epithelium that gives rise to urothelial carcinoma?

Urinary epithelium (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a benign tumor that arises from mesenchymal tissue?

Fibroma (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the level of differentiation of neoplastic cells in a malignant neoplasm?

Poorly differentiated or pleomorphic (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe a genetic disorder of cell growth that is triggered by acquired or inherited mutations?

Neoplasia (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'oncology' refer to?

The study of tumors or neoplasms (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe a swelling caused by inflammation?

Tumor (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of a neoplastic tumor cell's growth?

It is independent of physiologic growth stimuli (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe a disordered growth?

Dysplasia (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe a congenital anomaly characterized by a heterotopic nest of cells?

Choristoma (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a malignant tumor arising from mesenchymal tissue?

Sarcoma (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe a benign-appearing mass composed of cells indigenous to the particular site?

Hamartoma (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tumor is characterized by the presence of both epithelial and mesenchymal components?

Mixed tumor (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe a malignant tumor?

Malignant (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a tumor that comprises multiple tissues foreign to the site of growth?

Teratoma (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a benign tumor of fat?

Lipoma (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the suffix used to form the name of a tumor?

-oma (C), -oma (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic that distinguishes benign tumors from malignant tumors?

Localized growth (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a malignant tumor of skeletal muscle?

Rhabdomyosarcoma (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a malignant tumor of glandular epithelium?

Adenocarcinoma (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is characterized by the reversible replacement of one mature cell type with undifferentiated cells of abnormal sizes and shapes?

Dysplasia (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a precancerous condition that may not necessarily progress to cancer?

Dysplasia (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the abnormal growth of cells that can be benign or malignant?

Neoplasia (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of neoplasm is characterized by invasive growth and the ability to metastasize?

Malignant neoplasm (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the reversal of abnormal cell growth to normal cell growth?

Reversion (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the change in cell type from one adult cell type to another?

Metaplasia (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the abnormal growth of cells that is confined to a specific site and does not invade adjacent tissues?

Benign neoplasm (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the growth of cells that can invade and destroy adjacent tissues and spread to distant sites?

Malignant neoplasm (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does differentiation refer to in the context of neoplastic cells?

The extent to which neoplastic cells resemble normal cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of a well-differentiated neoplasm?

Tumor cells that resemble mature cells of tissue of origin (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is anaplasia?

The loss of functional and structural differentiation of cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of an undifferentiated or anaplastic tumor?

Malignant neoplasms composed of poorly differentiated cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of a moderately well-differentiated neoplasm?

In-between the two extremes of well-differentiated and undifferentiated tumors (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of benign tumors?

Well-differentiated with scanty mitoses (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the correlation between differentiation and biologic behavior?

Benign tumors are well-differentiated, while malignant tumors can range from well to undifferentiated (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of anaplasia in tumor behavior?

It indicates a malignant behavior of the tumor (D) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Neoplasia and Terminology

Neoplasia means "new growth" (Neo...new, Plasia...growth)
Neoplasm is the collection of cells and stroma composing new growths
Modern definition: a genetic disorder of cell growth triggered by acquired or inherited mutations affecting a single cell and its clonal progeny
Tumor originally described swelling caused by inflammation, now equated with neoplasm
Oncology (Greek oncos = tumor) is the study of tumors or neoplasms

Classification of Neoplasms

Based on clinical and biological behavior: two main groups - Benign and Malignant
Benign: innocent, amenable to surgical removal, remain localized, well-differentiated
Malignant: referred to as Cancer, can invade and destroy adjacent tissues, and spread to distant sites

Characteristics of Benign vs Malignant Tumors

Four fundamental rules to differentiate benign from malignant tumors:
1. Differentiation & Anaplasia
2. Rate of growth
3. Local invasion
4. Metastasis

Nomenclature of Neoplasms

Benign tumors: suffix "-oma" added to the cell type from which the tumor arises (e.g., adenoma, lipoma)
Malignant neoplasms of epithelial cell origin: called carcinomas (e.g., squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma)
Malignant tumors arising from mesenchymal tissue: called sarcomas (e.g., fibrosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma)

Tumor Structure

Two basic components:
1. Parenchyma: composed of clonal/transformed neoplastic cells
2. Reactive stroma (Non-Neoplastic supporting tissues): composed of connective tissue, blood vessels, and variable numbers of macrophages and lymphocytes

Other Key Points

Dysplasia: disordered growth, reversible replacement of one mature cell type with undifferentiated cells
Carcinoma in situ: precancerous stage, marked dysplasia involving entire thickness of epithelium
Hamartoma: benign-appearing masses composed of disorganized cells indigenous to the particular site
Choristoma: congenital anomaly, heterotopic nest of cells, mature normal tissue at an abnormal site

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Description

Learn about the definition and classification of neoplasms, tumors, and oncology. Understand the meaning of neoplasia, neoplasm, and its relation to cell growth and mutations.

Lecture 15

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