Neonatal Jaundice Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a late sign of acute bilirubin encephalopathy?

  • High-pitched cry
  • Poor sucking
  • Hypertonia (correct)
  • Lethargy

    • What is a common complication of exchange transfusion?

  • Infection (correct)
  • Metabolic acidosis
  • Electrolyte imbalance
  • Hyperkalemia

    • Which of the following is not an adverse effect of phototherapy?

  • Retinal degeneration
  • Erythematous rash
  • Dehydration (correct)
  • Bronze baby syndrome

    • What is the most effective spectrum of light for phototherapy?

    <p>Blue (460-490 nm)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for the hepatic excretion of bilirubin?

    <p>Glucuronyl transferase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of physiological jaundice in newborns?

    <p>Immaturity of the liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age does physiological jaundice typically appear in newborns?

    <p>2-4 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range of total serum bilirubin (TSB) for physiological jaundice in term neonates?

    <p>5-6 mg/dL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common cause of early onset jaundice in infants?

    <p>Rhesus incompatibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of Breast Milk Jaundice?

    <p>Duration of 1-3 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a risk factor for decreased hepatic bilirubin clearance?

    <p>Prematurity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a limitation of visual recognition of jaundice?

    <p>Inaccurate in babies with darker skin tones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for the hepatic excretion of bilirubin?

    <p>UDP-glucuronyl transferase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of physiological jaundice in newborns?

    <p>Liver immaturity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a late sign of acute bilirubin encephalopathy?

    <p>Kernicterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of Breast Milk Jaundice?

    <p>Caused by breast milk factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a risk factor for decreased hepatic bilirubin clearance?

    <p>Maternal blood group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of physiological jaundice in newborns?

    <p>Enterohepatic circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of Breast Milk Jaundice?

    <p>Duration of 1-3 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range of total serum bilirubin (TSB) for physiological jaundice in term neonates?

    <p>&lt;5 mg/dL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common early sign of acute bilirubin encephalopathy?

    <p>Lethargy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a late sign of acute bilirubin encephalopathy?

    <p>Progressive coma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of chronic bilirubin encephalopathy (Kernicterus)?

    <p>Cognitive function usually relatively spared</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a factor in the efficacy of phototherapy?

    <p>Skin Area Exposed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a late sign of acute bilirubin encephalopathy?

    <p>Recurrent apnea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of chronic bilirubin encephalopathy (Kernicterus)?

    <p>Gaze abnormalities (paresis of upward gaze)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most effective spectrum of light for phototherapy?

    <p>Blue (460-490 nm)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a risk factor for decreased hepatic bilirubin clearance?

    <p>Hypertonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a risk factor for the development of immune-mediated hemolytic disease in newborns?

    <p>Maternal blood group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of Breast Feeding 'Failure' Jaundice?

    <p>Mild jaundice in a well suckling infant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of jaundice due to cephalhematoma in newborns?

    <p>Polycythemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main limitation of using a transcutaneous bilirubinometer for the screening of hyperbilirubinemia?

    <p>Inaccuracy in babies with darker skin tones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a risk factor for increased bilirubin load in newborns?

    <p>Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of physiological jaundice in term neonates?

    <p>Resolves by 7-10 days of life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a cause of early onset jaundice in infants?

    <p>Rhesus or ABO incompatibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of physiological jaundice in newborns?

    <p>Decreased hepatic bilirubin clearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of acute bilirubin encephalopathy?

    <p>Recurrent apnea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a late sign of acute bilirubin encephalopathy?

    <p>High-pitched cry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a risk factor for the development of chronic bilirubin encephalopathy (Kernicterus)?

    <p>Sensorineural hearing loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a complication of exchange transfusion?

    <p>Hemorrhage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Physiological jaundice typically appears in newborns at what age?

    <p>2-4 days of life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common condition in newborns that causes unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia?

    <p>Physiological jaundice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range of total serum bilirubin (TSB) for physiological jaundice in term neonates?

    <p>5-6 mg/dL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a risk factor for increased bilirubin load in newborns?

    <p>Increased turnover of nonhemoglobin heme proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a risk factor for the development of immune-mediated hemolytic disease in newborns?

    <p>Maternal blood group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of physiological jaundice in newborns?

    <p>Increased enterohepatic circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of chronic bilirubin encephalopathy (Kernicterus)?

    <p>Delayed capillary refill</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main limitation of using a transcutaneous bilirubinometer for the screening of hyperbilirubinemia?

    <p>Inaccuracy in babies with darker skin tones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Jaundice in Newborns

    • Physiological jaundice in newborns is caused by the breakdown of fetal hemoglobin, which leads to an increase in bilirubin production.
    • It typically appears in newborns at around 2-3 days of age.
    • The normal range of total serum bilirubin (TSB) for physiological jaundice in term neonates is 5-15 mg/dL.

    Pathophysiology of Jaundice

    • Bilirubin is produced from the breakdown of hemoglobin and is conjugated in the liver by the enzyme glucuronyltransferase.
    • Jaundice occurs when there is an imbalance between bilirubin production and conjugation.
    • Increased bilirubin production can occur due to hemolysis, cephalhematoma, or polycythemia.
    • Decreased conjugation can occur due to liver immaturity or enzyme deficiency.

    Types of Jaundice

    • Breast Milk Jaundice: a type of jaundice caused by a substance in breast milk that inhibits bilirubin conjugation.
    • Breast Feeding 'Failure' Jaundice: a type of jaundice caused by inadequate breast milk intake, leading to dehydration and increased bilirubin production.
    • Acute Bilirubin Encephalopathy: a severe type of jaundice that can cause brain damage and even death.
    • Chronic Bilirubin Encephalopathy (Kernicterus): a type of jaundice that can cause permanent brain damage and neurological sequelae.

    Treatment and Prevention

    • Phototherapy: a treatment that uses light to break down bilirubin in the skin, reducing the amount of bilirubin in the blood.
    • The most effective spectrum of light for phototherapy is the blue light spectrum.
    • Exchange Transfusion: a procedure in which the baby's blood is exchanged with donor blood to remove bilirubin from the circulation.

    Risk Factors and Complications

    • Risk factors for jaundice include hemolytic disease, cephalhematoma, polycythemia, and breastfeeding.
    • Complications of jaundice include kernicterus, hearing loss, and cerebral palsy.
    • Complications of exchange transfusion include infection, bleeding, and cardiovascular instability.

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    Related Documents

    Neonatal Jaundice B48 Sem 5 PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the metabolism of bilirubin and the various aspects of neonatal jaundice. Explore topics such as physiological and pathological jaundice, diagnosis and complications of hyperbilirubinemia, and the management of neonatal jaundice. This quiz covers important concepts such as bilirubin production, hepatic uptake, glucuronyl transferase, hepatic excretion, and enterohepatic circulation. Challenge yourself and enhance your understanding of this important

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