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Questions and Answers
Which of the following infections is NOT included in the TORCH group?
Which of the following infections is NOT included in the TORCH group?
Pregnant women should avoid cat litter boxes because of the risk of which infection?
Pregnant women should avoid cat litter boxes because of the risk of which infection?
What is the primary reason why TORCH infections are considered significant?
What is the primary reason why TORCH infections are considered significant?
Which of the following is a type of Herpes virus that can be spread through unprotected sexual contact?
Which of the following is a type of Herpes virus that can be spread through unprotected sexual contact?
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What procedure is recommended for a pregnant woman with an active Herpes Simplex Virus outbreak at the time of delivery?
What procedure is recommended for a pregnant woman with an active Herpes Simplex Virus outbreak at the time of delivery?
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What is the common name for Rubella?
What is the common name for Rubella?
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Which of the following infections is NOT included in the 'Other Infections' category within the TORCH group?
Which of the following infections is NOT included in the 'Other Infections' category within the TORCH group?
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What is the name of the bacteria that causes Beta Strep infection?
What is the name of the bacteria that causes Beta Strep infection?
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What is the primary location where brown adipose tissue (BAT) is found in infants?
What is the primary location where brown adipose tissue (BAT) is found in infants?
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Which of the following is NOT a route of heat loss in infants?
Which of the following is NOT a route of heat loss in infants?
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What is a common cause of E. coli infection in infants?
What is a common cause of E. coli infection in infants?
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What is the primary role of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in infants?
What is the primary role of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in infants?
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Which of the following infections can affect the spinal cord in infants?
Which of the following infections can affect the spinal cord in infants?
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Which of the following is a healthcare-associated infection (HAI)?
Which of the following is a healthcare-associated infection (HAI)?
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What symptom is a common indicator of E. coli infection?
What symptom is a common indicator of E. coli infection?
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Why is it important for sonographers to be cautious about their health when scanning infants?
Why is it important for sonographers to be cautious about their health when scanning infants?
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Study Notes
Neonatal Infections
- Neonatal infections are infections in infants.
- Latex allergies are important to be aware of in infants.
- Hospitals should have options for non-latex gloves and probe covers.
- Infants with spina bifida have a natural sensitivity to latex.
- TORCH is an acronym for congenital infections.
- TORCH infections are acquired during pregnancy.
- TORCH infections cause microcephaly, cerebral edema, and cerebral calcifications.
- TORCH infections are transmitted to the unborn child in the womb.
- If a mother is exposed to any of these infections in the first five months of pregnancy, the baby may die or suffer serious problems.
- TORCH includes Toxoplasmosis, Other Infections (Hepatitis B, Syphilis, Herpes zoster), Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, and Herpes Simplex Virus.
Toxoplasmosis
- Toxoplasmosis is a parasite carried by the feline family.
- Pregnant women should avoid cat litter boxes.
Other Infections, Rubella
- Other infections include Hepatitis B, Herpes zoster (chicken pox and shingles), and Rubella (German measles).
- Most women are vaccinated for these prior to conception.
CMV - Cytomegalovirus
- CMV is a type of herpes virus.
- Pregnant health care workers should avoid CMV positive patients.
Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2
- Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 causes genital herpes.
- Herpes Simplex Virus can be spread through unprotected sexual contact.
- The virus can be spread to the fetus during vaginal delivery.
- If a pregnant woman has an active outbreak, a C-section is usually performed.
Acquired Infections
- Infections that occur after birth.
- Beta Strep or Group B Strep
- A bacteria that lives in humans.
- About 25% of women are carriers that are not aware of it.
- Women are tested around 37 weeks gestation.
- If a woman tests positive, she is put on IV antibiotics during delivery.
- During a vaginal birth, an infant can be exposed to the bacteria in the vagina, affecting their lungs, spinal cord, and brain.
- Unknown exposure can cause issues after birth if a woman is a carrier.
- E. Coli
- Can be caused by eating undercooked beef
- Poor hygiene, such as improper handwashing techniques, can lead to transmission.
- Can cause diarrhea and severe dehydration.
- Hemophilus Influenza
- Can cause meningitis and meningoencephalitis
- It is essential that staff remain aware of their health status during patient care, especially with infants.
- Cycticercosis
- A parasitic infection from a pork tapeworm.
- People with livestock should be extra cautious around infants since infections can be spread on skin and clothing.
Nosocomial Infections
- Infections acquired during the course of medical care.
- 95% of healthcare-associated infections are pneumonia cases from mechanical ventilation.
- 91% complications are from IV lines.
- 77% UTIs are from urinary catheters.
Infants - Heat Loss
- Infants lose heat through four ways: evaporation (amniotic fluid), radiation (to cooler objects), convection (to cooler air), and conduction (to cold surfaces).
- Brown Adipose Tissue (BAT)
- BAT's function is to transfer heat energy from fat.
- Essential for non-shivering thermogenesis.
- Neonates and infants cannot or may not shiver.
- Feeding results in the activation of BAT to help avoid hypothermia.
- Heating units help with body temperature of the infants.
- Temperature probes should be placed on the abdomen, preferably over the liver.
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Description
This quiz covers vital information regarding neonatal infections, focusing on the TORCH complex and its implications for congenital infections. Understand the risks associated with each infection, their transmission, and precautions to take during pregnancy. Enhance your knowledge of how these infections can affect both mothers and infants.
