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Questions and Answers
What distinguishes early-onset infection from late-onset infection in newborns?
What distinguishes early-onset infection from late-onset infection in newborns?
Which of the following organisms is a common cause of early-onset infections?
Which of the following organisms is a common cause of early-onset infections?
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor associated with sepsis in newborns?
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor associated with sepsis in newborns?
What is one of the criteria for diagnosing Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) in pediatric patients?
What is one of the criteria for diagnosing Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) in pediatric patients?
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Which virus is listed as a common cause of late-onset infections?
Which virus is listed as a common cause of late-onset infections?
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Study Notes
Early-Onset Infection
- Occurs within the first week of life
- Typically caused by organisms acquired during the perinatal period
Late-Onset Infection
- Occurs between 7 and 30 days of life
- May involve bacteria, viruses, or other organisms acquired postnatally
Common Bacteria Causing Infection
- Group B streptococcus (GBS)
- Escherichia coli
- Klebsiella spp.
- Salmonella spp. (common in developing countries)
- Citrobacter
- Enterococci
- Gonococci
- Listeria monocytogenes
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Haemophilus influenzae
Common Viruses Causing Infection
- Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
- Herpes simplex virus (HSV)
- Enteroviruses
- Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Risk Factors for Sepsis and Meningitis
- Term male infants
- Low birth weight (LBW) infants
- Maternal chorioamnionitis (inflammation of the amniotic sac)
- Congenital immune defects (e.g., asplenia, galactosemia)
- Malformations leading to high bacterial inocula (e.g., obstructive uropathy)
- Resuscitation at birth
- Prolonged ruptured membranes
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS)
- Systemic inflammatory response to a variety of clinical insults
- Diagnosed with two or more of the following criteria:
SIRS Criteria
- Temperature instability: ≥ 38.5°C (101.3°F) or ≤ 36°C (96.8°F)
- Respiratory dysfunction: Tachypnea (rapid breathing) or Hypoxemia (low blood oxygen levels)
- Heart dysfunction: Tachycardia (rapid heart rate) or Hypotension (low blood pressure)
- Perfusion abnormalities: Oliguria (decreased urine output)
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Description
This quiz covers the critical aspects of early-onset and late-onset infections in neonates, detailing the common bacteria and viruses involved. It also addresses various risk factors that can contribute to the severity of these infections in newborns. Test your knowledge on this essential topic in neonatal care.
