Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is hyperbilirubinemia primarily characterized by?
What is hyperbilirubinemia primarily characterized by?
What is a potential risk for an infant with severe jaundice?
What is a potential risk for an infant with severe jaundice?
Which of the following correctly describes the first action to take if an infant is choking?
Which of the following correctly describes the first action to take if an infant is choking?
What should you do if you find an unconscious and unresponsive infant?
What should you do if you find an unconscious and unresponsive infant?
Signup and view all the answers
What does FLACC score assess?
What does FLACC score assess?
Signup and view all the answers
What action is typically performed if an infant is found not breathing?
What action is typically performed if an infant is found not breathing?
Signup and view all the answers
Where is the preferred site for vaccinations in infants?
Where is the preferred site for vaccinations in infants?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a sign of herpes simplex virus infection in infants?
Which of the following is NOT a sign of herpes simplex virus infection in infants?
Signup and view all the answers
Where should vaccines be administered?
Where should vaccines be administered?
Signup and view all the answers
What developmental stage are adolescents primarily focused on?
What developmental stage are adolescents primarily focused on?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common emergent intervention for asthma?
What is a common emergent intervention for asthma?
Signup and view all the answers
Which nutritional approach is recommended for patients with cystic fibrosis?
Which nutritional approach is recommended for patients with cystic fibrosis?
Signup and view all the answers
What symptom is a sign of pulmonary embolism?
What symptom is a sign of pulmonary embolism?
Signup and view all the answers
Which condition is characterized by localized narrowing of the aorta?
Which condition is characterized by localized narrowing of the aorta?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a characteristic symptom of coarctation of the aorta?
What is a characteristic symptom of coarctation of the aorta?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a potential outcome if the fetal ductus arteriosus does not close after birth?
What is a potential outcome if the fetal ductus arteriosus does not close after birth?
Signup and view all the answers
What is one of the key signs that might indicate a shunt malfunction or infection?
What is one of the key signs that might indicate a shunt malfunction or infection?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the purpose of the Glasgow Coma Scale in assessing an unconscious child?
What is the purpose of the Glasgow Coma Scale in assessing an unconscious child?
Signup and view all the answers
How should emergency management be prioritized for an unconscious child?
How should emergency management be prioritized for an unconscious child?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is not a symptom of increased intracranial pressure?
Which of the following is not a symptom of increased intracranial pressure?
Signup and view all the answers
When calculating the total maintenance fluids for a child weighing 25 kg, what is the correct formula to apply?
When calculating the total maintenance fluids for a child weighing 25 kg, what is the correct formula to apply?
Signup and view all the answers
What is one of the key disabilities associated with sustaining a concussion?
What is one of the key disabilities associated with sustaining a concussion?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the appropriate response during seizure precautions?
What is the appropriate response during seizure precautions?
Signup and view all the answers
What condition is suggested by symptoms such as vomiting, fever, and increased irritability in a patient with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt?
What condition is suggested by symptoms such as vomiting, fever, and increased irritability in a patient with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a potential complication of Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)?
What is a potential complication of Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)?
Signup and view all the answers
What condition is characterized by a lack of peristalsis in the large intestine?
What condition is characterized by a lack of peristalsis in the large intestine?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following symptoms is NOT typically associated with pyloric stenosis?
Which of the following symptoms is NOT typically associated with pyloric stenosis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a key intervention to prevent post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis?
What is a key intervention to prevent post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis?
Signup and view all the answers
What complication can arise from Kawasaki disease?
What complication can arise from Kawasaki disease?
Signup and view all the answers
When is hypo pituitary treatment typically administered?
When is hypo pituitary treatment typically administered?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following statements is true regarding diabetes insipidus (DI)?
Which of the following statements is true regarding diabetes insipidus (DI)?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary treatment for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?
What is the primary treatment for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following nursing interventions is most important in patient care?
Which of the following nursing interventions is most important in patient care?
Signup and view all the answers
In educating parents about signs of neuroblastoma relapse, which symptom should be prioritized?
In educating parents about signs of neuroblastoma relapse, which symptom should be prioritized?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary nursing care focus for nonsurgical management of scoliosis in teenagers?
What is the primary nursing care focus for nonsurgical management of scoliosis in teenagers?
Signup and view all the answers
Which procedure should a school nurse follow when assessing children for scoliosis?
Which procedure should a school nurse follow when assessing children for scoliosis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is an accurate statement regarding the thoracolumbosacral orthotic (TLSO) brace for a patient with scoliosis?
What is an accurate statement regarding the thoracolumbosacral orthotic (TLSO) brace for a patient with scoliosis?
Signup and view all the answers
Which signs and symptoms are most commonly associated with leukemia related to bone marrow involvement?
Which signs and symptoms are most commonly associated with leukemia related to bone marrow involvement?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of room does a patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia require to minimize infection risk?
What type of room does a patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia require to minimize infection risk?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the principal role of a school nurse in performing scoliosis evaluations?
What is the principal role of a school nurse in performing scoliosis evaluations?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the most appropriate intervention for a child with leukemia and a platelet count of 20,000/ul?
What is the most appropriate intervention for a child with leukemia and a platelet count of 20,000/ul?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the most accurate estimate for the prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in children in the United States?
What is the most accurate estimate for the prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in children in the United States?
Signup and view all the answers
Which observation in a 2-year-old child is most concerning for potential signs of Autism Spectrum Disorder?
Which observation in a 2-year-old child is most concerning for potential signs of Autism Spectrum Disorder?
Signup and view all the answers
What should be the next step when a 2-year-old child is not speaking and avoids eye contact?
What should be the next step when a 2-year-old child is not speaking and avoids eye contact?
Signup and view all the answers
Which diagnostic test provides a confirmatory diagnosis for Down syndrome (Trisomy 21)?
Which diagnostic test provides a confirmatory diagnosis for Down syndrome (Trisomy 21)?
Signup and view all the answers
Which statement by the parents of a child with Down syndrome suggests a need for further education?
Which statement by the parents of a child with Down syndrome suggests a need for further education?
Signup and view all the answers
In assessing a 2-year-old for Autism Spectrum Disorder, which behavior is least indicative of ASD?
In assessing a 2-year-old for Autism Spectrum Disorder, which behavior is least indicative of ASD?
Signup and view all the answers
What aspect is crucial in the care plan for a child with a low platelet count during chemotherapy?
What aspect is crucial in the care plan for a child with a low platelet count during chemotherapy?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS)
- NAS is a condition in newborns exposed to substances (drugs or alcohol) during pregnancy.
- Symptoms include tremors, irritability, poor feeding, high-pitched cry, poor sleep, increased muscle tone, and nasal stuffiness.
- Other symptoms include sweating, temperature fluctuations, and gastrointestinal issues (like vomiting or diarrhea).
- Respiratory problems, like tachypnea (rapid breathing), can also exist.
- A total score (minimum 0, maximum 35) can be used to assess the severity of NAS symptoms.
Jaundice
- Jaundice is a yellowish discoloration of the skin and other organs caused by excessive bilirubin in the blood.
- Hyperbilirubinemia is the medical term for an excessive level of bilirubin in the blood.
- Infants with severe jaundice or hyperbilirubinemia are at risk of developing encephalitis.
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
- Symptoms typically develop one week after infection and include fever, vesicular rash, poor feeding, and lethargy
- Checking the hairline for rash is important.
Choking
- If a child is choking, open their mouth and check for blockages.
- If nothing is seen, turn the baby face down on a forearm with the head below the trunk and give 5 back blows.
- If no improvement, continue with 5 abdominal thrusts.
- If the child is not breathing, start CPR.
Pediatric Vaccinations
- Vaccines are given on the lateral side of the thigh.
- Buttocks (dorsal gluteal) are not a good vaccination site due to poor absorption.
- A table outlines age-specific vaccinations:
- Hepatitis B (2 months old)
- DR. HIP (2 Months, 4 months, 6 months, 15 months)
- DTaP
- RV
- HiB
- IPV
- PCV
- Influenza
- MMR
- Hepatitis A
- FLACC Scale (Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability) ranks pain intensity in children.
Erickson's Theory
- Key stages of development and their related conflicts/tasks include, from infancy to adolescence:
- Trust vs. Mistrust (feeding)
- Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (toilet training)
- Initiative vs Guilt (exploration)
- Industry vs Inferiority(school)
- Identity vs Role Confusion(social relationships)
- Favorable and unfavorable outcomes are associated with resolution of each stage
Asthma
- Emergent interventions involve albuterol, oxygen, and IV access.
- Management includes pancreatic enzymes, high protein / high-calorie meals, and chest physiotherapy.
Pulmonary Embolism
- Symptoms are shortness of breath, anxiety, tachycardia, tachypnea, chest pain, hypotension, diaphoresis and sudden change in mental status.
- Emboli travel from the marrow through the bloodstream, lodging in arterioles.
Fracture
- Most likely to occur in long bones (femur)
- Pulmonary embolism symptoms: dyspnea and chest pain
Cystic Fibrosis
- Management involves aggressive treatment of pulmonary infections, home IV antibiotics, aerosolized antibiotics, chest physiotherapy, postural drainage, medication compliance, high-protein/calorie diet, and encouraging exercise..
Neurovascular Assessment
- Assess (5 P's) PAIN, PULSE, PALLOR, PARESTHESIA, PARALYSIS.
- Important in assessing circulation, movement, and sensation of an extremity, especially in cases of fractures or other injuries.
Coarctation of the Aorta
- Localized narrowing near the insertion of the ductus arteriosus.
- Results in increased pressure proximal to the defect and decreased distal to the defect.
- Symptoms are upper extremity bounding pulses, hypertension, poor circulation/perfusion / cool and pale skin in lower extremities.
- Treatment involves antihypertensives, surgery (balloon angioplasty with stent, or resection of narrowed part of the aorta).
Tetralogy of Fallot
- Four heart defects together: ventricular septal defect, pulmonary stenosis, overriding aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy.
- Treatment involves placing the patient in knee-chest position or other modifications based on the condition.
Sickle Cell Anemia
- Acute exacerbations that fluctuate in severity and frequency.
- Types of crises: vaso-occlusive (VOC), thrombotic – most common, painful, and involves blood stasis and clumping in microcirculation, leading to ischemia and infarction.
- Presents with fever, pain, and tissue engorgement, painful swelling in hands and feet, painful joints, as well as other symptoms.
- Treatment involves managing pain, hydration, infection control, oxygenation
- Adequate hydration, IV fluids, pain medication (avoid meperidine), positioning for comfort, and potentially hydroxyurea are components of management
- High-calorie and high-protein diet.
Hirschsprung's Disease
- Lack of peristalsis in the large intestine due to absent ganglionic nerve cells.
- Presents with abdominal distention.
- Includes lack of regular bowel movements, diarrhea or constipation, abdominal distention, and other symptoms.
Pyloric Stenosis
- Patho, includes hypertrophy leading to narrowing of the pyloric valve.
- Symptoms are non-bilious projectile vomiting, visible peristalsis, failure to thrive, dehydration, and weight loss.
Kawasaki Disease
- Complications include aneurysm
- May present with fever, inflammation of blood vessels and cardiovascular symptoms.
Glomerulonephritis
- Inflammation of glomeruli in the kidney, often following a strep infection.
- Symptoms: headache, blood pressure changes, facial/periorbital edema, lethargy, low-grade fever, weight gain, proteinuria (protein in urine), hematuria (blood in urine), oliguria (decreased urine output), dysuria (painful urination)
Diabetes Insipidus (DI) vs SIADH
- DI (Diabetes Insipidus): characterized by under-secretion of ADH leading to uncontrollable diuresis (frequent urination, polyuria, polydipsia); dehydration, electrolyte imbalances
- SIADH (Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion): characterized by over-secretion of ADH, fluid retention, hyponatremia (low sodium).
Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt (VP Shunt)
- A surgical procedure used to treat hydrocephalus (excess fluid in the brain).
- Possible complications include vomiting , headache, irritability, fever, redness along the shunt line, fluid around the shunt valve, change in LOC, shunt malfunction, and infection (requiring immediate treatment).
Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP)
- Early signs may include slight changes to LOC, headache, vomiting, seizures (with or without nausea), diplopia (double vision), blurred vision, LOC (early sign of worsening condition)
- Late signs, include significant decrease in LOC, bradycardia, decreased motor and sensory responses, alterations in pupil size or reactivity, posturing, Cheyne-Stokes breathing, and coma.
Scoliosis
- A sideways curvature of the spine, needing care to promote self-esteem, mobility and prevent worsening of the condition via bracing.
Leukemia
- Presents with symptoms like petechiae, fever, fatigue or headache, papilledema, irritability, muscle wasting, weight loss, fatigue or decreased intracranial pressure with psychosis or decreased mental state.
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
- Affects 1 in 36 children but prevalence changes over time.
- Symptoms include not responding to name, avoiding eye contact or social interaction, not speaking or using a limited vocabulary.
- Parents/support groups might need educating on the need further support in the classroom, and need for interventions to help with therapies or social adjustments.
- Early diagnosis and support are essential for children with ASD.
Trisomy 21 or Down Syndrome
- Can be identified with a blood test from a prenatal screening.
- Physical characteristics often include white spots on the iris, long neck, small jaw, small ears, short neck, short stature, poor muscle tone, and a single crease across the palm of the hand.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
This quiz covers critical neonatal conditions including Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS), jaundice, and Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) in infants. Test your understanding of the symptoms, risks, and assessment methods related to these conditions. Ideal for healthcare professionals and students in pediatric medicine.
