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Questions and Answers
What is the function of neonatal cardiac physiology?
What is the function of neonatal cardiac physiology?
Which ventricle ejects approximately two-thirds of the combined ventricular output in fetal circulation?
Which ventricle ejects approximately two-thirds of the combined ventricular output in fetal circulation?
What happens to pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) at birth?
What happens to pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) at birth?
What is the result of the pressure in the LA becoming higher than the RA at birth?
What is the result of the pressure in the LA becoming higher than the RA at birth?
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When does functional closure of the ductus arteriosus typically occur?
When does functional closure of the ductus arteriosus typically occur?
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What happens to the neonatal circulation with the functional closure of the shunts?
What happens to the neonatal circulation with the functional closure of the shunts?
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What is the result of the neonatal heart having more noncontractile connective tissue elements relative to sarcomere volume?
What is the result of the neonatal heart having more noncontractile connective tissue elements relative to sarcomere volume?
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What is the significance of the neonatal heart operating at a lower “break point” on the Frank Starling curve?
What is the significance of the neonatal heart operating at a lower “break point” on the Frank Starling curve?
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What is shown in Table 131-1 in the text?
What is shown in Table 131-1 in the text?
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What can result in respiratory failure if not treated in neonates?
What can result in respiratory failure if not treated in neonates?
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What is necessary to prevent the development of Eisenmenger’s syndrome in neonates with persistent pulmonary hypertension?
What is necessary to prevent the development of Eisenmenger’s syndrome in neonates with persistent pulmonary hypertension?
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What is the result of the ductus arteriosus becoming bidirectional briefly at birth?
What is the result of the ductus arteriosus becoming bidirectional briefly at birth?
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What is the main difference between neonatal and adult cardiac physiology?
What is the main difference between neonatal and adult cardiac physiology?
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What must one understand first to comprehend neonatal cardiac physiology?
What must one understand first to comprehend neonatal cardiac physiology?
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What is the ratio of ventricular output between the RV and LV in fetal circulation?
What is the ratio of ventricular output between the RV and LV in fetal circulation?
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What happens to the pressure in the LA and RA at birth?
What happens to the pressure in the LA and RA at birth?
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What happens to the ductus arteriosus at birth?
What happens to the ductus arteriosus at birth?
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What happens to the neonatal circulation with the functional closure of the foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus?
What happens to the neonatal circulation with the functional closure of the foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus?
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What is the effect of the neonatal heart operating at a lower break point on the Frank Starling curve?
What is the effect of the neonatal heart operating at a lower break point on the Frank Starling curve?
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What is the consequence of untreated pulmonary hypertension in neonates?
What is the consequence of untreated pulmonary hypertension in neonates?
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What is persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN)?
What is persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN)?
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What is the consequence of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) if left untreated?
What is the consequence of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) if left untreated?
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What is the neonatal heart's sarcomere volume relative to noncontractile connective tissue elements?
What is the neonatal heart's sarcomere volume relative to noncontractile connective tissue elements?
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What is the typical time frame for functional closure of the ductus arteriosus?
What is the typical time frame for functional closure of the ductus arteriosus?
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What is the main difference between neonatal and adult cardiac physiology?
What is the main difference between neonatal and adult cardiac physiology?
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What must one understand to comprehend neonatal cardiac physiology?
What must one understand to comprehend neonatal cardiac physiology?
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What is the difference in ventricular output between the RV and LV in fetal circulation?
What is the difference in ventricular output between the RV and LV in fetal circulation?
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What happens to pulmonary vascular resistance at birth?
What happens to pulmonary vascular resistance at birth?
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What is the result of the pressure in the LA becoming higher than the RA at birth?
What is the result of the pressure in the LA becoming higher than the RA at birth?
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What happens to the ductus arteriosus after birth?
What happens to the ductus arteriosus after birth?
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What happens to the neonatal circulation after the functional closure of the shunts?
What happens to the neonatal circulation after the functional closure of the shunts?
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Why does the neonatal heart have impaired relaxation?
Why does the neonatal heart have impaired relaxation?
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Why is cardiac output more heart rate dependent in neonatal hearts?
Why is cardiac output more heart rate dependent in neonatal hearts?
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What is the consequence of untreated pulmonary hypertension?
What is the consequence of untreated pulmonary hypertension?
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What is necessary to prevent the development of Eisenmenger’s syndrome?
What is necessary to prevent the development of Eisenmenger’s syndrome?
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What is shown in Table 131-1?
What is shown in Table 131-1?
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What is the difference between neonatal and adult cardiac physiology?
What is the difference between neonatal and adult cardiac physiology?
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What is the first thing one must understand to understand neonatal cardiac physiology?
What is the first thing one must understand to understand neonatal cardiac physiology?
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What is the ratio of ventricular output in fetal circulation?
What is the ratio of ventricular output in fetal circulation?
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What happens at birth that leads to changes in circulation?
What happens at birth that leads to changes in circulation?
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What is the result of the LA pressure becoming higher than the RA pressure at birth?
What is the result of the LA pressure becoming higher than the RA pressure at birth?
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When does functional closure of the ductus arteriosus typically occur?
When does functional closure of the ductus arteriosus typically occur?
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What is the result of the functional closure of the shunts in neonatal circulation?
What is the result of the functional closure of the shunts in neonatal circulation?
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What is the reason for the neonatal heart being stiffer with impaired relaxation?
What is the reason for the neonatal heart being stiffer with impaired relaxation?
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What is the result of the neonatal heart operating at a lower “break point” on the Frank Starling curve?
What is the result of the neonatal heart operating at a lower “break point” on the Frank Starling curve?
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What can result in respiratory failure if not treated, with three possible mechanisms leading to persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN)?
What can result in respiratory failure if not treated, with three possible mechanisms leading to persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN)?
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What is necessary to prevent the development of Eisenmenger’s syndrome in cases of persistent pulmonary hypertension?
What is necessary to prevent the development of Eisenmenger’s syndrome in cases of persistent pulmonary hypertension?
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What does Table 131-1 show in relation to neonatal cardiac physiology?
What does Table 131-1 show in relation to neonatal cardiac physiology?
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Study Notes
Neonatal Cardiac Physiology: Understanding Fetal and Transitional Circulation
- Neonatal cardiac physiology is different from adult cardiac physiology and is designed to meet the unique needs of the neonate.
- To understand neonatal cardiac physiology, one must first understand fetal circulation and the changes that occur during the transitional circulation at birth.
- The fetal circulation is in parallel, with the RV ejecting approximately two-thirds of the combined ventricular output compared to one-third ejected by the LV.
- At birth, the lungs open, and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) drops considerably, leading to changes in circulation.
- The pressure in the LA becomes higher than the RA, resulting in the functional closure of the foramen ovale, which will permanently seal in most babies over several weeks.
- The ductus arteriosus briefly becomes bidirectional and then reverses to become a left-to-right shunt, with functional closure typically occurring in the first 24 hours of life.
- With the functional closure of these shunts, the neonatal circulation transitions from a parallel circulation to one in series, with the RV workload decreasing and the LV workload increasing.
- The neonatal heart has more noncontractile connective tissue elements relative to sarcomere volume, resulting in a stiffer ventricle with impaired relaxation.
- The neonatal heart operates at a lower “break point” on the Frank Starling curve, making cardiac output more heart rate dependent.
- Normal age-related values for heart rate and blood pressure are shown in Table 131-1.
- Pulmonary hypertension can result in respiratory failure if not treated, with three possible mechanisms leading to persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN).
- Aggressive treatment of the cause of persistent pulmonary hypertension is necessary to prevent the development of Eisenmenger’s syndrome.
Neonatal Cardiac Physiology: Understanding Fetal and Transitional Circulation
- Neonatal cardiac physiology is different from adult cardiac physiology and is designed to meet the unique needs of the neonate.
- To understand neonatal cardiac physiology, one must first understand fetal circulation and the changes that occur during the transitional circulation at birth.
- The fetal circulation is in parallel, with the RV ejecting approximately two-thirds of the combined ventricular output compared to one-third ejected by the LV.
- At birth, the lungs open, and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) drops considerably, leading to changes in circulation.
- The pressure in the LA becomes higher than the RA, resulting in the functional closure of the foramen ovale, which will permanently seal in most babies over several weeks.
- The ductus arteriosus briefly becomes bidirectional and then reverses to become a left-to-right shunt, with functional closure typically occurring in the first 24 hours of life.
- With the functional closure of these shunts, the neonatal circulation transitions from a parallel circulation to one in series, with the RV workload decreasing and the LV workload increasing.
- The neonatal heart has more noncontractile connective tissue elements relative to sarcomere volume, resulting in a stiffer ventricle with impaired relaxation.
- The neonatal heart operates at a lower “break point” on the Frank Starling curve, making cardiac output more heart rate dependent.
- Normal age-related values for heart rate and blood pressure are shown in Table 131-1.
- Pulmonary hypertension can result in respiratory failure if not treated, with three possible mechanisms leading to persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN).
- Aggressive treatment of the cause of persistent pulmonary hypertension is necessary to prevent the development of Eisenmenger’s syndrome.
Neonatal Cardiac Physiology: Understanding Fetal and Transitional Circulation
- Neonatal cardiac physiology is different from adult cardiac physiology and is designed to meet the unique needs of the neonate.
- To understand neonatal cardiac physiology, one must first understand fetal circulation and the changes that occur during the transitional circulation at birth.
- The fetal circulation is in parallel, with the RV ejecting approximately two-thirds of the combined ventricular output compared to one-third ejected by the LV.
- At birth, the lungs open, and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) drops considerably, leading to changes in circulation.
- The pressure in the LA becomes higher than the RA, resulting in the functional closure of the foramen ovale, which will permanently seal in most babies over several weeks.
- The ductus arteriosus briefly becomes bidirectional and then reverses to become a left-to-right shunt, with functional closure typically occurring in the first 24 hours of life.
- With the functional closure of these shunts, the neonatal circulation transitions from a parallel circulation to one in series, with the RV workload decreasing and the LV workload increasing.
- The neonatal heart has more noncontractile connective tissue elements relative to sarcomere volume, resulting in a stiffer ventricle with impaired relaxation.
- The neonatal heart operates at a lower “break point” on the Frank Starling curve, making cardiac output more heart rate dependent.
- Normal age-related values for heart rate and blood pressure are shown in Table 131-1.
- Pulmonary hypertension can result in respiratory failure if not treated, with three possible mechanisms leading to persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN).
- Aggressive treatment of the cause of persistent pulmonary hypertension is necessary to prevent the development of Eisenmenger’s syndrome.
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Description
Test your knowledge on Neonatal Cardiac Physiology and gain a deeper understanding of fetal and transitional circulation. This quiz explores the differences between neonatal and adult cardiac physiology and the unique needs of the neonate. From the parallel circulation of fetal circulation to the series circulation of neonatal circulation, learn about the changes that occur and their impact on the neonatal heart. Discover the normal age-related values for heart rate and blood pressure and understand the potential consequences of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. Take the quiz
