Neonatal Assessment and Syndromes Quiz

Questions and Answers

What is the most appropriate management for the case presented?

Ultrasound of pancreas

Discontinue oral feeds and begin total parenteral malnutrition

Supplement her breast-feeding with a multivitamin

Refer to endocrinology for evaluation (correct)

What is the Apgar score of a newborn with acrocyanosis, a heart rate of 140, grimaces to stimulation, and is active with a lusty cry?

9 (correct)

What is the Apgar score at 1 minute for a 3.4 Kg baby boy with a heart rate over 100, crying, grimacing, and moving slightly blue limbs?

8 (correct)

Identify the assessment categories of the Apgar scoring system that assists in newborn resuscitation management.

Appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, respirations Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by an asymmetrical Moro reflex with one arm nonreactive in a term neonate?

Erb palsy Signup and view all the answers

What condition is associated with a single umbilical artery in a newborn?

Occult renal anomaly Signup and view all the answers

What is the Apgar score for a newborn at 5 minutes after birth with blue extremities, a heart rate of 85, no response to stimulation, flexion, and absent respiration?

3 Signup and view all the answers

How long does infection with EBV typically last?

Lifelong Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely diagnosis for a newborn with a flat, salmon-colored lesion that darkens with crying?

Salmon patch, stork bite or angel kiss Signup and view all the answers

What is the Apgar score at 5 minutes for a 7lb 2oz baby boy with a heart rate over 100, crying, grimacing, pink all over, and moving all limbs equally?

9 Signup and view all the answers

Which findings are most suggestive of DiGeorge syndrome?

Hypocalcemia and a congenital heart defect Signup and view all the answers

Which skin condition is a common manifestation of neonatal bacterial infection?

Omphalitis Signup and view all the answers

When does jaundice associated with breastfeeding typically occur in a newborn?

At the 2nd or 3rd day of life Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely cause of the 4-year-old boy's symptoms including sensorineural hearing loss and choreoathetosis?

Congenital infection with cytomegalovirus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following syndromes involves specific physical abnormalities at birth?

Down syndrome Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is NOT associated with a decreased risk of significant jaundice?

Black race Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is least likely to cause jaundice present at birth or within the first 24 hours of life?

Criggler Najjar syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What is a common complication associated with Klinefelter syndrome?

infertility Signup and view all the answers

In which condition should a search for the cause of jaundice NOT be made?

If it appears in the first 24-36 hours of life Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT influence the therapeutic effect of phototherapy in treating jaundice?

In vivo metabolism and excretion of bilirubin Signup and view all the answers

Which early ultrasonographic sign is indicative of hydrops?

Ascites Signup and view all the answers

What would NOT be expected on a blood smear of an infant with hemolytic disease of the newborn?

Decreased white blood cell count Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is most likely associated with kernicterus?

Severe hemolytic disease Signup and view all the answers

How many chromosomes does a haploid cell (n) have?

23 Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding sex chromosome abnormalities in humans?

They usually have mild effects and rarely are fatal Signup and view all the answers

Male sex chromosome abnormalities can be due to abnormal numbers of which chromosome?

Either the X or the Y Signup and view all the answers

Which chromosomal abnormality is characterized by a male exhibiting feminine body contours and sterility?

Kleinfelter syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What method can detect the likelihood of a child being born with a major genetic defect?

Cells from the embryo or fetus Signup and view all the answers

What can be detected by examining a karyotype?

Both of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which syndrome is known as Trisomy 18?

Edwards syndrome Signup and view all the answers

Which syndrome is also known as Trisomy 21?

Down syndrome Signup and view all the answers

In which situation is IV acyclovir not administered to newborns?

Infants whose mothers had varicella more than 5 days prior to delivery Signup and view all the answers

Which disease is characterized by lesions appearing in various stages, often starting on the scalp or face?

Chickenpox Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following measures is routinely given to all newborns for disease prevention?

Vitamin K prophylaxis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a standard early disease detection measure for newborns?

Routine heart surgery Signup and view all the answers

True or False: Breast milk is linked to a reduction in the incidence of various common infections.

True Signup and view all the answers

True or False: Breastfeeding is associated with a higher risk of asthma and obesity.

False Signup and view all the answers

True or False: Routine circumcision is recommended based on medical advantages.

False Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about IM injections is incorrect?

Administered without aseptic technique Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Metafemales and Syndromes

Metafemales have an extra X chromosome, typically presenting with physical development issues.
Turner syndrome occurs in females with a missing or incomplete X chromosome (45,X).
Klinefelter syndrome affects males with an extra X chromosome (47,XXY), leading to symptoms like infertility and gynecomastia.

Neonatal Neurologic Exam

Asymmetrical Moro reflex observed in a neonate could indicate Erb's palsy, characterized by arm paralysis on the affected side.
Common symptoms include the affected arm being limp, adducted, and internally rotated while the hand grasp reflex remains intact.

Single Umbilical Artery Risks

A single umbilical artery in newborns is associated with increased risk of occult renal anomalies.

Salmon Patch

A flat, salmon-colored lesion on the glabella that darkens with crying is diagnosed as a salmon patch (stork bite or angel kiss).

DiGeorge Syndrome Indicators

Key findings suggestive of DiGeorge syndrome include hypocalcemia and congenital heart defects.

Neonatal Bacterial Infection Manifestations

Common skin manifestations of neonatal bacterial infections include omphalitis, a serious condition affecting the umbilical area.

Breastfeeding Jaundice

Breastfeeding jaundice typically appears around the 2nd or 3rd day of life due to inadequate milk intake.

Management of Neonatal Conditions

Appropriate management for certain conditions may include referrals for evaluation or supplementation strategies.

Apgar Scoring System

The Apgar score helps assess newborn health at 1 and 5 minutes post-birth based on five criteria: appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, and respiration.

Newborn Jaundice Evaluation

Jaundice present at birth or in the first 24 hours requires thorough investigation to rule out serious causes, such as erythroblastosis fetalis or congenital infections.

Factors Affecting Jaundice Development

Factors like gestational age, male gender, and exclusive bottle feeding can decrease the risk of significant jaundice.

Infection Duration and Symptoms

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) infection can last lifelong, with symptoms often complicating childhood illnesses.

Phototherapy Effectiveness

Phototherapy's efficacy in treating neonatal jaundice is influenced by variables like the infant's distance from the light source and the surface area exposed.

Early Signs of Hydrops

Early ultra-sonographic indicators of hydrops include features like scalp edema and pleural effusions.

Hemolytic Disease Indicators

Blood smear findings in hemolytic disease of the newborn typically feature polychromasia and an increased reticulocyte count.

Chromosomal Abnormalities and Genetic Defects

A haploid cell contains 23 chromosomes, with abnormalities often leading to mild effects and defects.

Genetic Testing and Karyotyping

Karyotyping can identify over 3,000 genetic defects and determine an unborn child's gender.

Recognizable Syndromes

Edwards syndrome corresponds to Trisomy 18, while Down syndrome is synonymous with Trisomy 21. Turner syndrome is caused by 45,X0 chromosomal composition.

Newborn Care Protocols

Routine newborn care includes vitamin K prophylaxis, antibiotic eye prophylaxis, and hepatitis B immunization.

Breastfeeding Benefits

Breast milk is linked to reduced incidence of infections, asthma, eczema, and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).

Circumcision Guidelines

Routine circumcision recommendation is not based on medical advantages, reflecting a shift toward parental choice.

Breastfeeding Characteristics

Normal stools from breastfed infants appear loose, yellow, and seedy, differing significantly from formula-fed infants.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

This quiz assesses knowledge related to neonatal examinations, specifically focusing on conditions such as Turner syndrome and Klinefelter syndrome. It also evaluates understanding of the Moro reflex and its implications in neonates. Prepare to test your grasp of these important pediatric concepts.