16 Questions
What is the role of microbiomes in the development of the intestinal mucosa?
To regulate metabolism of food and drugs
What is the term used to describe absent or altered microbiomes?
Dysbiosis
During which phase of care does the nurse assess the physical characteristics of the newborn?
Phase 3
What is the term used to describe the newborn's inability to maintain a neutral position of the head?
Head lag
What is the primary function of the reflexes in full-term infants?
To help keep them alive
What is the system that directs most of the body's activity?
Nervous system
What is the primary way that newborns communicate with their caregivers?
Through crying
What is the significance of understanding the role of the microbiome in the newborn infant?
It provides an opportunity to educate the mother during pregnancy and postpartum
What stimulates respirations in a newborn?
Chilling and chemical changes within the blood
What is the result of the first breath of a newborn?
The alveoli open
What is limited in the newborn's kidneys?
Their ability to concentrate urine and maintain fluid balance
What is the primary source of gut microbiota for a newborn who is breastfed?
The mother's vaginal microbiome
What is the result of mixed formula and breastfeeding on the gut microbiome?
A gut microbiome that resembles exclusive formula feeding
What is the significance of the gut microbiota in a newborn?
They stimulate the intestines to express protective antimicrobial peptides
What is the difference between the microbiota of a newborn born via cesarean section versus a newborn born vaginally?
The microbiota of newborns born via cesarean section resemble those of the mothers' skin
What can postpartum nurses do to support the developing newborn microbiome?
Support breastfeeding, safe skin care practices, and parent education
Study Notes
Adjustment to Extrauterine Life
- At birth, the body undergoes significant changes to adapt to extrauterine life
- Respirations are stimulated by chilling, chemical changes in the blood, and sensory/physical stimuli
- The first breath opens the alveoli, marking the beginning of air exchange and independent existence
- Cardiopulmonary interdependence is initiated shortly after birth
Digestive System
- The newborn's ability to metabolize food is limited due to immaturity of the digestive system
- Deficiencies in pancreatic and liver enzymes contribute to this limitation
- Kidneys are structurally developed but have limited urine concentrating and fluid balancing abilities
Microbiomes
- At birth, the newborn's microbiota resembles the mother's vagina or skin (depending on delivery method)
- Postpartum nurses can support the developing microbiome through breastfeeding, safe skin care, and parent education
- Breastfeeding supports the gut microbiome, which plays a crucial role in maintaining metabolism, immune responses, and intestinal mucosa development
- Mixed formula and breastfeeding results in a gut microbiome similar to exclusive formula feeding
- An altered or absent microbiome (dysbiosis) may influence health patterns and the development of disorders later in life
Newborn Care and Development
- Phase 3 care of the newborn involves assessing physical characteristics and nursing care by body system
- The nervous system directs most bodily activities, and newborns exhibit reflexes that help them survive (e.g., blinking, sneezing, gagging, sucking, grasping)
- Newborns can move their arms and legs vigorously but lack control; they also exhibit a head lag when lifted due to lack of head control
This quiz covers the physiological changes that occur in a newborn as they transition from fetal life to extrauterine life. Learn about the stimulation of respirations and the initiation of independent existence.
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