Introduction to Pediatrics

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Questions and Answers

A 10-year-old child presents with persistent fatigue, unexplained bruising, and frequent infections. Which pediatric subspecialty would be most appropriate for initial evaluation?

Pediatric Pulmonology
Pediatric Nephrology
Pediatric Endocrinology
Pediatric Hematology/Oncology (correct)

During a well-child visit, a parent expresses concern that their 18-month-old child is not speaking any words. Which of the following would be the MOST appropriate next step?

Refer the child to a Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrician for evaluation. (correct)
Recommend immediate speech therapy intervention.
Advise the parent to enroll the child in early childhood education.
Reassure the parent that children develop at different rates, and to wait another six months.

A 13-year-old patient with a history of asthma presents to the emergency department with acute respiratory distress. After initial stabilization, which aspect of their care is MOST critical to address to prevent future exacerbations?

Ordering a chest X-ray to rule out pneumonia.
Providing education on proper inhaler technique and adherence to their asthma action plan. (correct)
Prescribing a short course of oral antibiotics.
Administering a high dose of intravenous corticosteroids.

A neonatologist is consulted for a premature infant born at 28 weeks gestation. Which of the following is the MOST immediate concern regarding the infant's health?

Managing respiratory distress syndrome due to immature lung development. (A) Signup and view all the answers

During a physical examination of a 6-year-old, the pediatrician notices a heart murmur. Which of the following actions should the pediatrician take NEXT?

Refer the child to a pediatric cardiologist for further evaluation. (D) Signup and view all the answers

A 4-year-old child with a history of recurrent ear infections is brought in by their parents. They are concerned about the child's hearing. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate course of action?

Perform a tympanometry and audiometry to assess the child's hearing. (A) Signup and view all the answers

An adolescent patient with type 1 diabetes is struggling with glycemic control. Besides medication adjustments, what other intervention would be MOST beneficial?

Referral to a pediatric endocrinologist and a certified diabetes educator for comprehensive diabetes management education. (D) Signup and view all the answers

A child presents with a barking cough, stridor, and fever. Which of the following conditions is MOST likely?

Croup (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why are pediatric medication dosages frequently calculated based on a child's weight rather than using a standardized adult dose?

Children's physiological and metabolic processes differ significantly from adults, affecting drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. (D) Signup and view all the answers

An infant presents to the emergency department with rapid breathing, increased heart rate, and nasal flaring. What is the MOST likely immediate concern?

Respiratory Distress (A) Signup and view all the answers

A 10-year-old child is exhibiting persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that are causing difficulties in school and at home. Which of the following behavioral conditions is MOST likely?

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why are pediatricians so insistent that parents adhere to the recommended childhood immunization schedule?

To minimize the risk of contracting vaccine-preventable diseases, protecting both individual children and the community through herd immunity. (C) Signup and view all the answers

A two-year-old child is unable to walk independently or speak more than a few words. Which area of development would be MOST concerning to assess further?

Gross Motor Skills and Language Development (C) Signup and view all the answers

In what situation is a child's assent in healthcare decisions MOST crucial, even though parental consent is still legally required?

When the child has reached an age and maturity level where they can understand the nature of the proposed treatment or research. (D) Signup and view all the answers

When is the MOST appropriate time to introduce complementary foods to an infant, alongside breastfeeding or formula?

Around 6 months of age, when the infant shows signs of readiness. (A) Signup and view all the answers

A child is diagnosed with cystic fibrosis. Which body systems will be MOST affected?

Lungs and digestive system (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of pediatric advocacy in healthcare?

To promote the well-being of children through policies and programs, ensuring access to quality healthcare and protecting them from harm. (B) Signup and view all the answers

A child presents with abnormally shaped red blood cells, leading to chronic pain and fatigue. Which genetic disorder is MOST likely?

Sickle Cell Anemia (B) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is Pediatrics?

Deals with the health and medical care of infants, children, and adolescents (birth to 18 years).

What is Neonatology?

Focuses on the care of newborns, especially premature or critically ill infants.