Neolithic Revolution and Agriculture
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Questions and Answers

What is the scientific name for rice?

  • Cocos Nucifera L.
  • Saccharum officinarum L.
  • Oryza sativa Linn (correct)
  • Zea mays L.

Which of the following plants is classified as a legume?

  • Peanut (correct)
  • Corn
  • Rice
  • Sugarcane

What is the scientific name for the Cavendish banana?

  • Musa textiles Nee
  • Mangifer indica L.
  • Ipomoea batatas Lam
  • Musa sapientum var. (correct)

Which of these is a primary agricultural product exported by the Philippines?

<p>Coconut oil (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The average age of a Filipino farmer is around 53 years old.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ Revolution, also known as the First Agricultural Revolution, marked a shift from nomadic hunter-gatherer lifestyles to permanent settlements and farming.

<p>Neolithic</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of the term "crop science"?

<p>It refers to the study of cultivated crops, including their growth, development, and the establishment of principles for maximizing their benefits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of agricultural crop is classified based on its use?

<p>Agronomic Classification (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a characteristic of the Grass Family (Gramineae)?

<p>Their stems are usually hollow and cylindrical. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following crops is NOT classified as a cereal?

<p>Soybeans (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The term "forage crops" refers to plants that are grown for their dried seeds.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two Latin words that give rise to the term "horticulture"?

<p>The words are &quot;hortus&quot;, meaning garden, and &quot;colere&quot;, meaning to cultivate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of vegetable crops with their corresponding examples:

<p>Leafy Vegetables = Pechay, Mustard, Lettuce Cole Crops or Crucifers = Broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower Root or Bulb Crops = Carrot, raddish, onion, garlic Legumes or Pulses = Pole Sitao, Winged Beans, Peas beans Solanaceous = Hot pepper and Finger Peppers, Tomato, eggplant Cucurbit (crops with tendrils) = Squash, cucumber, gourd</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a characteristic of a plantation crop?

<p>Intensive labor-intensive farming practices (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following crops is NOT classified as an oil crop?

<p>Sugarcane (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these crops is NOT a beverage crop?

<p>Rubber tree (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of ornamental plants?

<p>Grown for decorative purposes in gardens and landscaping (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cut flowers are flowers that have been removed from the plant for decorative purposes.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a turf plant?

<p>Bermuda grass (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Neolithic Revolution

A major change in human history that marks the transition from nomadic hunter-gatherer lifestyles to settled agricultural communities, which took place around 12,000 years ago.

Plant Domestication

The process of selecting and breeding plants for desirable traits, making them more suitable for cultivation, which led to the development of modern crops.

Fertile Crescent

A region in the Middle East, including areas like eastern Turkey, Iraq, and southwestern Iran, considered the birthplace of farming and the domestication of key animals.

Crop

Plants cultivated for profit, typically a group or population under human care.

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Crop Science

The scientific discipline that focuses on the study of economically important cultivated plants, their growth, development, and production techniques.

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Crop Production

The practice of producing cultivated plants, aiming to increase productivity, enhance quality while minimizing negative environmental impacts.

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Cereals or Grains

This field of agriculture focuses on crops mainly grown for their edible seeds (grains). Examples include Rice, Corn, and Wheat.

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Legumes for seeds

These are legumes cultivated for their dried seeds, like Peanuts, Soybeans, Mung beans, and Cowpeas.

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Leafy Vegetables

Plants grown for their leaves, often used in salads or culinary preparations.

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Cole Crops or Crucifers

A broad term encompassing vegetables from the Brassica genus, known for their compact heads and edible flower buds (like broccoli and cabbage).

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Root or Bulb Crops

Plants cultivated for their underground roots, often eaten as vegetables, like carrots, radishes, onions, and garlic.

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Legumes or Pulses

Leguminous plants grown for both food and animal feed, often high in protein, like Pole Sitao, Winged Beans, Peas, and Beans.

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Solanaceous

Plants belonging to the nightshade family known for their edible fruits and vegetables, such as tomatoes, eggplants, and peppers.

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Cucurbit Crops

Climbing plants with tendrils, belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family, producing fruits like squash, cucumbers, and gourds.

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Fruits

Trees and other plants that produce edible, sweet, and fleshy fruits containing seeds.

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Tree Fruits

Trees producing fruit such as mangoes, apples, guavas, and others that are eaten by humans or animals.

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Nut Fruits

Fruits with a hard shell containing a seed that is typically edible, such as walnuts, pistachios, almonds, and coconuts.

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Small Fruits

Low-growing plants such as shrubs or herbs that produce small edible fruits, like strawberries and raspberries.

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Plantation Crops

Large-scale farming estates specializing in cash crops, often requiring minimal processing before consumption.

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Oil Crops

Crops primarily cultivated for extracting oils from their seeds, fruits, or nuts, such as palm oil, soybean oil, and sunflower oil.

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Beverage Crops

Crops that produce beverages other than water, like coffee, tea, sugarcane, and coconut, for various uses.

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Latex or Resin Crops

Plants known for their milky latex, often used in the rubber industry, such as the rubber tree.

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Spice Crops

Plants grown for their spices, often used as flavoring ingredients in food, including black pepper, turmeric, ginger, and cinnamon.

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Fiber Crops

Plants grown for their fibers, which are used to make paper, cloth, rope, and other materials, such as flax, jute, abaca, and ramie.

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Medicinal Crops

Plants with medicinal properties, offering therapeutic effects for human or animal health, like oregano, lagundi, and amplaya.

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Ornamentals

Plants grown for their decorative value, bringing beauty to gardens and landscapes.

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Cut Flowers

Flowers or flower buds cut from the plant, often used for decoration, such as roses, anthuriums, carnations, gerberas, and more.

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Flowering Pot Plants

Plants grown in containers rather than directly in the ground, adding beauty to indoor and outdoor spaces.

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Foliage

Plants with ornamental, colorful, and interesting leaves used for decorative purposes, such as caladium, canna, and artemisia.

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Landscaping Plants

Plants used in landscaping projects, aiming to create beautiful and functional outdoor spaces.

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Turf Plants

Plants grown for lawns and other grassy areas, providing a dense and even turf when mown and maintained, like Bermuda grass, frog grass, and carabao grass.

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Study Notes

Neolithic Revolution

  • 12,000 years ago, humans shifted from nomadic hunter-gatherer lifestyles to permanent settlements and farming.
  • Wild progenitors of crops (wheat, barley, peas) were traced to the Near East region.
  • Fig trees, prehistoric seedless fruits, were discovered in the Jordan Valley 11,300 years ago.
  • Cereals were cultivated around 9,000 years ago in Syria.
  • Rice and millet cultivation began around 6,000 BCE.
  • Oldest known rice paddy fields discovered in eastern China in 2007.

Plant Domestication

  • Wild progenitors of wheat, barley, and peas were traced to the Near East.
  • 11,300 years ago fig trees with prehistoric seedless fruit were discovered in the Jordan Valley.
  • 9,000 years ago cereals were cultivated in Syria.
  • Rice and millet farming date back to approximately 6,000 BCE.

Philippine Agriculture

  • The Philippines is primarily an agricultural country despite its plan to become industrialized by the year 2000.
  • Main agricultural crops include rice, corn, coconut, sugarcane, bananas, pineapple, coffee, mangoes, and tobacco.
  • Secondary crops are peanuts, cassava, camotes, garlic, onions, cabbage, eggplants, calamansi, rubber, and cotton.
  • Exported products include coconut oil, fruits, vegetables, bananas, and prawns, among others.
  • Coconut product exports were valued at $989 million in 1995 but declined to $569 million by 2000.
  • Important imported agricultural products include unmilled wheat, meslin, oilcake, soybean residues, malt, malt flour, urea, and fish meal, among others.

Crop Science

  • Plant: Any non-mobile organism in the plant kingdom lacking active locomotion or obvious sensory organs.
  • Crop: Cultivated plants grown for profit.
  • Science: Systematically collected and tested knowledge.
  • Theoretical/Basic Scientist: Brings knowledge to a crystallized state.
  • Applied Scientist: Turns knowledge into practical application.
  • Crop Science: Concerned with observing, classifying and establishing the principles of plant growth & development.
  • Crop Production: The art and science of cultivating plants to increase productivity while minimizing environmental impact.

Classification of Agricultural Crops

  • Agronomic Crops: Annual herbaceous plants grown extensively (wide-scale).
  • Legume Family (Leguminoseae): Has compound leaves with netted veins; flowers resembling butterflies; fruits in pods; roots with nitrogen-fixing nodules.
  • Grains/Cereals: Crops grown for their edible seeds (rice, corn, wheat, sorghum).
  • Legumes (for seeds): Plants like peanuts and soybeans.
  • Forages: Vegetable matter used as animal feed (grasses, legumes).
  • Root Crops: Food crops with enlarged roots (e.g., turnips, sweet potatoes, cassava, yams).
  • Fiber Crops: Plants grown for their fiber (e.g., cotton, ramie, flax).
  • Sugar Crops: Grown for their sweet juice/sugar content (sugarcane, sorghum, corn).
  • Drug Crops: Used for their medicinal properties (tobacco, mint).

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Agricultural Review 2025 PDF

Description

Explore the transformative Neolithic Revolution that marked humanity's shift from nomadic lifestyles to settled agriculture. Learn about the domestication of plants, key crops originating in the Near East, and the significance of early farming practices around the world, including the Philippines. Test your knowledge on the pivotal moments in agricultural history.

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