Neoclassicism and Romanticism Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following are the four major concepts of the Enlightenment? (Select all that apply)

  • Life after death is certain
  • Society gets better with change (correct)
  • Individuals' place in society can change (correct)
  • Be concerned with life on earth and earth's future (correct)

    • Define neoclassicism and what was important about it.

    Return to Renaissance ideas, science and reason are important.

    What is the name of the religious belief that evolves during this time?

    Deism

    What is the nickname for the God of this belief?

    <p>Clock/watch maker</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Deism mainly entail?

    <p>God created the world and let it go.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Literature of the era was written more for the ___ because of _____

    <p>middle class, they have more money, more time, printing is cheaper, and rising literacy rates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one key idea of John Locke?

    <p>Tabula Rosa (blank slate)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List two key ideas of Adam Smith.

    <p>Laissez-faire and Division of labor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one title associated with Mary Wollstonecraft?

    <p>Vindication of the Rights of Women</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the title associated with Samuel Johnson?

    <p>Dictionary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one title associated with Denis Diderot and why was it controversial?

    <p>The Encyclopedia; it was controversial because it educated peasants, which upset the king.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define depotism.

    <p>Rule by one enlightened individual.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List two ideas proposed by Montesquieu.

    <p>Slavery is unnatural evil; separation of powers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What title is associated with Voltaire?

    <p>Candide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define social optimism.

    <p>All is for the best in the best of all possible worlds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who originated social optimism?

    <p>Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List three ideas associated with Jean-Jacques Rousseau.

    <p>The Social Contract, if they break the contract can overthrow, noble savage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define noble savage.

    <p>Those who live close to nature and are undisturbed are better than urban dwellers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What title is associated with Thomas Jefferson?

    <p>Declaration of Independence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the most important result of enlightenment thinking?

    <p>Declaration of Independence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What issues did Louis XVI face?

    <p>Fears nobility, large debts, borrows from merchant classes, raises taxes, declares that only those with 4 generations of aristocracy have titles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happened to peasants under Louis XVI?

    <p>They were starving, leading to bread riots, and after wheat crops failed, stormed the Bastille.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Reign of Terror?

    <p>A period during the French Revolution marked by extreme violence and political purges.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Literature changed from: (post revolution)

    <p>verse to prose, philosophy to sentimental, aristocracy to commoners, great concerns to common concerns, for educated to helps educate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is Friedrich Schiller?

    <p>A German author known for 'Hymn to Joy,' which is about freedom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List the effects of Louis XVI's lifestyle:

    <p>effects include financial strain leading to unrest and revolution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Of the three textures of music we've studied, which does Classical use?

    <p>Homophonic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List elements of Classical music.

    <p>Mood changes suddenly/gradually, 'Sturm und Drang,' structure balance, stresses clarity, rhythm is flexible, homophonic texture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Classical Orchestra?

    <p>A standardized four sections: strings, woodwinds, brass, percussion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Vienna known for during the Classical era?

    <p>Musical center of Europe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define crescendo.

    <p>A gradual increase in volume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define decrescendo.

    <p>A gradual decrease in volume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three main sections and one subsection of the sonata-form movement?

    <p>Exposition, Development, Recapitulation; Coda is the tail/end.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four movements of the Classical symphony form?

    <p>Fast, Slow, Dance, Fast.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is chamber music?

    <p>Designed for smaller performance space, each person has their own musical line.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name the term for a group that can be thought of as a musical 'conversation.'

    <p>Cadenza.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What four instruments comprise the most important form of Classical chamber music?

    <p>String quartet: Violin, Violin, Viola, Cello.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List six reasons Beethoven's Ninth Symphony is unique.

    <p>Choral Symphony, expands classical form, repeats previous themes, longest ever, expresses enlightenment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the differences between Mozart and Beethoven?

    <p>Mozart was a child prodigy and innovator who composed in many different forms, while Beethoven went deaf, died in poverty, and was an innovator.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is Mozart?

    <p>Child prodigy, composer known for perfect classical form; wrote 'Don Giovanni', died in poverty.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is Beethoven?

    <p>Composer from Germany who struggled with being deaf; considered a transitional figure from Classical to Romantic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is Josef Haydn?

    <p>Court composer, conductor, Beethoven's teacher; known as the 'Father of String Quartet.'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Eroica?

    <p>Beethoven's 3rd Symphony, about a mighty hero.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List the three main concepts of Romanticism.

    <p>Imagination, Escape, Love Nature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    As Romanticism became extreme, it became ____.

    <p>Vaguely dissatisfied, melodramatic/melancholy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some literary beliefs of Romanticism?

    <p>Revolt against Enlightenment, individuals should respond rather than analyze, personal liberty, feeling over thinking.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some results of Romanticism?

    <p>Artists become non-conformists, outlaws become heroes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is Thomas Gray?

    <p>Author of 'Elegy Written in a Country Courtyard,' focusing on themes of death and nature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley?

    <p>Author known for scary stories, notably 'Frankenstein.'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is William Wordsworth?

    <p>Leader of the Romantic writing movement, writing about the goodness of nature and children.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who are the Second Generation Romantic Poets?

    <p>George Gordon/Lord Byron, Percy Shelley, John Keats.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List four common topics for Romantic writers.

    <p>Death, nature, individuality, love.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name two common rebels in Romantic literature.

    <p>Robin Hood types, Satan, Prometheus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Romantic view on the individual?

    <p>Different from Enlightenment; focuses on mental and spiritual improvement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following aspects of Romanticism with their descriptions:

    <p>Individual = Society Love primitive + kids = Human corruption Emotion = Reason/intellect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of woman is common in Poe's work?

    <p>unattainable/beautiful.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Goethe's best-known work is titled?

    <p>Faust.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List three changes from Classical music to Romantic music.

    <p>Expands, patrons go from nobility to middle class, increase in the use of instruments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Neo-Classicism style?

    <p>Straightforward, anti-illusionistic, linear, firm contour, subdued colors, dramatic lighting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is important in classical style?

    <p>Message.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List Neo-Classicism influences/philosophy.

    <p>Rejects Baroque/Rococo, moral lessons, artists as public educators.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who are the patrons of Neo-Classicism?

    <p>State and middle class.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are David's contributions to art?

    <p>Founded Neo-Classicism, patriotic messages, and intense realism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who 'replaces' David?

    <p>Antoine-Jean Gros.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Ingres' contributions?

    <p>Portraits that idealize individuals, curriculum bases on him.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Vigee-Lebrun's contributions?

    <p>First woman painter of this time, known for painting women.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Romanticism style?

    <p>Dramatic rich color, emotion/drama, shows unexpected/accidental.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the subject matter of Romanticism?

    <p>Three main tenets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some influences of Romanticism?

    <p>Paris/London art academies, rebellion against classical restrictions, fascination with the exotic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do these artists' works illustrate the three tenets of Romanticism: Goya?

    <p>In 'The Third of May,' Goya frees imagination from logic/reason.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do these artists' works illustrate the three tenets of Romanticism: Delacroix?

    <p>Leader of the style, paints medieval literature subjects, vibrant color use.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do these artists' works illustrate the three tenets of Romanticism: Gericault?

    <p>Dramatic lighting, extreme human conditions, influenced by Michelangelo.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do these artists' works illustrate the three tenets of Romanticism: Constable?

    <p>English artist who paints landscapes showing God's glory through nature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do these artists' works illustrate the three tenets of Romanticism: Turner?

    <p>Love of nature, particularly weather and its power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What subject matter was most common to Honoré Daumier?

    <p>Social realism and political satire.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the Academy influence the paintings and the painters?

    <p>Established curriculum, judged all art, history painting considered best.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Monticello architecture?

    <p>A neoclassical design representing American ideals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define romantic music.

    <p>Composers expanded classical forms and emphasized emotion and imagination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What influences romantic music?

    <p>Nationalism, writing for middle-class audiences, music exoticism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the differences between classical and romantic music?

    <p>Classical is universal for nobles; Romantic is nationalistic for middle class.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is Anton Dvorak?

    <p>Nationalistic Czech composer, wrote 'New World' Symphony.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is Nikolai Korsakov?

    <p>A member of 'The Five,' known for storytelling through his music.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define program music.

    <p>Instrumental music associated with a story or scene.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is Hector Berlioz?

    <p>French composer known for 'Episode in the Life of an Artist' and 'Symphonie Fantastique'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define idee fixe.

    <p>A recurring musical theme, characteristic of Berlioz's work.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the influence of the middle class on music?

    <p>Subscription concerts, piano in every home, privatization of music.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define art song.

    <p>A fusion of poetry and music, typically for solo voice and piano.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a song cycle?

    <p>A group of art songs that have a storyline or musical theme.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is Franz Schubert?

    <p>Austrian composer known for song cycles like 'Maids of the Mill.'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Enlightenment Concepts

    • Major concepts include the potential for individual societal change, societal improvement through transformation, focus on earthly life and future, and discovering truth via nature study.

    Neoclassicism

    • Neoclassicism reflects a revival of Renaissance ideals emphasizing the significance of science and reason.

    Deism

    • A religious belief that evolved during this period, defining God as a "clock maker" who created the world but allows it to run on its own.

    Literature of the Era

    • Literature was primarily aimed at the middle class due to factors like increased disposable income, more leisure time, affordable printing, and rising literacy rates.

    Key Philosophers and Their Contributions

    • John Locke introduced the concept of Tabula Rosa, asserting individuals are formed by their experiences and environment.
    • Adam Smith advocated for Laissez-faire economics and the division of labor for efficiency.
    • Mary Wollstonecraft authored "Vindication of the Rights of Women," arguing for women's rights.
    • Samuel Johnson published a dictionary that standardized the English language.
    • Denis Diderot wrote "The Encyclopedia," promoting education among the peasantry, which was controversial.

    Political Context under Louis XVI

    • He faced fears regarding the nobility, substantial debts, and responded with taxes that burdened the lower classes, leading to unrest and the French Revolution.

    Literature Evolution Post-Revolution

    • Transitioned from verse to prose; focused on common concerns rather than aristocracy, and aimed at broader educational purposes for the populace.

    Classical and Romantic Music

    • Classical music features sudden and gradual mood changes, flexible rhythm, and homophonic textures.
    • Vienna became the musical center of Europe during the Classical era, characterized by standardized four orchestral sections: strings, woodwinds, brass, and percussion.

    Characteristics of Romanticism

    • Three main tenets include imagination as a powerful force, escape from unpleasant societal realities, and an idealization of nature.
    • During its extremes, Romanticism became characterized by dissatisfaction and melodrama.
    • Romantic literature revolts against Enlightenment ideas, emphasizing personal liberty and emotional responses over intellect.

    Influential Romantic Figures

    • Notable poets include William Wordsworth, known for championing nature and childhood, and second-generation poets like Byron, Shelley, and Keats, who explored themes of beauty and human potential.
    • Goya's works depicted harsh realities and political themes, while Delacroix celebrated color and medieval subjects.

    Romantic Music Developments

    • Romantic composers expanded the Classical forms with greater emotional depth and included nationalistic themes, reflecting composers' individual expressions rather than patron-driven creations.

    Artistic Contributions

    • Significant figures in art include Ingres, known for idealized portraiture, and Vigee-Lebrun, the first noted female painter of the era.
    • Romanticism in art embraced dramatic colors and emotional expression, diverging from classical restraint, as seen in the works of Turner, Constable, and Gericault.

    Socio-Cultural Shifts

    • The rise of the middle class influenced music composition and consumption, leading to the creation of art songs and song cycles, focusing on lyrical and poetic storytelling.

    Notable Composers

    • Anton Dvorak contributed to American music with "New World" Symphony, blending European styles with American themes, while composers like Berlioz innovated with program music, linking narratives to their compositions.

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    Description

    This quiz focuses on the key concepts of Neoclassicism and Romanticism, two significant movements in art and literature. It covers essential ideas from the Enlightenment and the importance of reason and science in neoclassical thought. Test your knowledge with these informative flashcards!

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