Questions and Answers
What defines Neoclassical music?
Who are some notable Neoclassical composers?
Stravinsky, Poulenc, Hindemith, Prokofiev
A Classical orchestra typically includes strings, double woodwind, two horns, trumpets, and _____
timpani
What is a Neoclassical Orchestra based on?
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Unusual Instrument Combinations in Neoclassical music avoid using woodwind instruments.
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What does Functional Tonality refer to?
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Functional Harmony in Neoclassical music uses a variety of chords and cadences.
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What is Chromatic Harmony?
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Balanced Phrases in music refer to melodic phrase lengths that are generally the _____ length.
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How does Conjunct Motion in melodies typically move?
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Disjunct Motion involves melodies that move primarily in stepwise motion.
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Chromatic Melody includes additional sharps, naturals or flats to create unexpected _____ and turns.
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Homorhythmic music features all parts having different rhythms.
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Which statement about Counterpoint is correct?
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What rhythmic device is described by Hemiola?
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Syncopation involves placing notes on the off-beats.
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In music, Simple Time refers to when the beat divides in _____
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In music, Compound Time refers to when the beat divides in _____
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What does Modulation mean in the context of Neoclassical music?
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Define Polytonality.
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What are Motor Rhythms?
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What is a Toccata?
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What is a Passacaglia?
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What characterizes a Concerto Grosso?
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Describe a Fugue.
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Define Ostinato.
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Study Notes
Neoclassical Music Overview
- Neoclassical music emerged in the 20th century, blending Baroque and Classical elements with modern interpretations.
Key Composers
- Prominent figures include Stravinsky, Poulenc, Hindemith, and Prokofiev.
Orchestration
- Classical orchestra features strings, double woodwind, horns, trumpets, and timpani.
- Neoclassical orchestra maintains classical instrumentation while incorporating modern elements such as harpsichord, tuba, and expanded percussion section.
Instrumentation Trends
- Characterized by unusual instrument combinations, particularly emphasizing woodwind and percussion not found in earlier periods.
Tonality and Harmony
- Functional tonality ensures sections maintain key relationships, ending on a shared cadence.
- Utilizes functional harmony with primary chords (I-IV-V) and commonly used cadences: Plagal, Perfect, Imperfect, Interrupted.
- Chromatic harmony employs accidentals to alter chords, a favored technique in the Neoclassical era.
Melodic Structure
- Balanced phrases reflect question and answer formats, maintaining similar lengths and prevalent in both Classical and Neoclassical styles.
- Conjunct motion is predominant with melodies primarily moving in stepwise motion, whereas disjunct motion includes wider leaps.
- Chromatic melody introduces unexpected twists using additional sharps, flats, or naturals.
Rhythmic Characteristics
- Homorhythmic textures feature all voices using the same rhythm.
- Hemiola is utilized as a rhythmic device, creating a feeling of two bars of three time shifting to three bars of two.
- Syncopation is a common feature, with emphasis on off-beat notes.
Time Signatures
- Simple time divides the beat into two equal parts.
- Compound time divides the beat into three equal parts.
Key Changes
- Significant use of modulation with sudden and unexpected key changes is a hallmark of Neoclassical music.
- Polytonality incorporates multiple keys simultaneously within the same piece.
Rhythmic Repetition
- Motor rhythms characterize the music through insistent and regular rhythmic patterns.
Baroque Influences
- Toccata resembles improvisational keyboard pieces that may include imitative techniques.
- Passacaglia features variations constructed over repeated bass lines in triple metre.
- Concerto Grosso exemplifies a Baroque format contrasting a small group of solo instruments (concertino) against a full orchestra (ripieno).
- Fugues utilize polyphonic styles based on a single theme, repeated across several parts.
- Ostinato refers to repeated musical phrases throughout a composition, enhancing unity and cohesion.
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Description
Explore the key concepts of Neoclassical music with these informative flashcards designed for IGCSE students. Each card highlights essential terms and definitions related to this 20th-century music style, making it easier to understand the influences of Baroque and Classical compositions in a modern context.
