Neoclassical and Romantic Art Flashcards

Neoclassicism

• Emerged as a reaction against the Rococo and late Baroque styles.
• "Neos" (Greek) means new and "classicus" (Latin) means first class.
• Key figures include Jacques Louis David, a leading painter whose works emphasized historical themes.

Jacques Louis David

• Renowned for "Napoleon Crossing the Alps" and "Death of Marat," depicting revolutionary themes.
• Influential in establishing Neoclassical painting techniques.

Other Neoclassical Artists

• Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, pupil of David, known for nudes and mythological subjects.
• Antonio Canova, acclaimed for realistic marble sculptures of nude figures.
• Bertel Thorvaldsen, first Danish artist gaining international acclaim, focused on mythological and religious sculptures.

Neoclassical Architecture

• Characterized by classical Greek and Roman design elements, derived from architects like Andrea Palladio.
• "Temple Style" features designs inspired by ancient temples.
• "Palladian style," based on Palladio’s villa designs, and "Classical Block style" exhibits rich classical details in rectangular forms.

Notable Architects

• Robert Adam designed important American civic buildings like the White House and the U.S. Capitol.
• Henri Labrouste is known for the Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève.
• Charles Garnier designed the opulent Paris Opera House.

Romanticism

• Focused on modern interpretations over traditional styles; expressed emotions intensely, celebrating nature and heightened sensations.
• Characteristics of romantic art included dramatic compositions and emotional extremes.
• Prominent artists included Eugène Delacroix, known for "Liberty Leading the People," commemorating the July Revolution.

Key Romantic Artists

• Francisco Goya, court painter and influential figure between traditional and modern art.
• Members of the Barbizon School like Théodore Rousseau and Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot, who advanced romantic landscape painting.

Romantic Sculpture

• Divided into themes concerning both human and natural worlds.
• François Rude is noted for his socially conscious art, aimed at engaging the public.

Gothic Revival

• Architectural movement from the late 1740s in England, reflecting a nostalgic return to Gothic forms.

Filipino Artists

• Felix Hidalgo and Juan Luna, prominent figures in the 19th century, known for significant contributions to painting.
• Fernando Cueto Amorsolo and Guillermo Tolentino recognized for their influential works, with Amorsolo designated a National Artist of Painting.
• Napoleon Isabelo Veloso Abueva, honored as "Father of Modern Philippine Sculpture."