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Questions and Answers
What is the characteristic of nematodes regarding their sexes?
What is the function of spicules in nematodes?
Which of the following nematodes lays immature/nonembryonated eggs?
Which classification of nematodes is characterized by the presence of caudal chemoreceptors?
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Which of the following nematodes is found in the small intestine?
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What is the term for nematodes that do not lay eggs, but instead produce larvae?
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What is the life cycle stage that is considered the most infective for many species?
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Which stage does the larva molt to become after L2?
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Which nematode lays the most eggs per day?
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Which layer of the Ascaris egg shell is described as lecithin membran?
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Which nematode is known as the largest intestinal nematode?
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What is the pathology caused by Ascaris lumbricoides known as?
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Study Notes
Trichiura Mnemonic: C.A.S.H. & T
- Trichiura: Extraintestinal Nematodes that affect Muscle, Lymph Nodes, Subcutaneous Tissues, Eyes, and Meninges
- Trichiura life cycle: L1 and L2 (Rhabditiform larva), L3 (Filariform larva)
Filarial Worms
- Lifecycle: Larval stage has three stages: L1 and L2 (Rhabditiform larva), L3 (Filariform larva)
- Developmental cycle: Molting (outgrowing and casting off old cuticle), Synthesis (creating new cuticle), Exsheathment (casting off old cuticle)
A. Cantonensis
- Life cycle: Eggs, L1, L2, L3, L4, Adult
- Infective stage: L3 stage
- Not all parasites have an L4 stage; medically important nematodes stop at L3
Intestinal Nematodes
Ascaris Lumbricoides
- Most common intestinal parasite in humans in the Philippines
- Largest intestinal nematode
- Adults lay 200,000 eggs per day
- Eggs become infective 2-6 weeks after deposition
- Egg characteristics: 85-95 micrometers length, 38-45 micrometers width, with layers (Vitelline membrane, glycogen, and mammillation)
- Stages: Unfertilized, Fertilized Corticated, Fertilized Decorticated, Embryonated
- Adult worm: Anterior head has trilobate lips, Pointed posterior tail in females, Curved posterior tail in males
- Pathology: Ascariasis, Member of the 'Unholy Three', Loeffler's pneumonia
Nematodes
- Characteristics: Elongated, cylindrical, bilaterally symmetrical, Unsegmented, Complete digestive system, No circulatory system, Dioecious
- Reproduction: Oviparous (lays immature eggs), Oviviparous (lays mature eggs), Viviparous/Larviparous (lays larva)
- Chemoreceptors: Amphids (cephalic), Phasmids (caudal)
- Classification: Phasmids (Subclass Secernentia), Aphasmids (Class Adenophorea)
- Habitat: Small intestine (C. philippinensis, A. lumbricoides, Hookworms), Large intestine (T. spiralis adult, E. vermicularis)
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Description
Learn about the general characteristics of nematodes, also known as roundworms. Understand their elongated, cylindrical body, complete digestive system, and dioecious nature. Explore the distinctions between male and female nematodes and their reproductive strategies.
