Nematoda Characteristics and Ascaris Life Cycle
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding the kingdom Animalia?

  • All members belong to the phylum Nematoda.
  • Animalia consists of only vertebrates.
  • Metazoa is a subkingdom under Animalia. (correct)
  • It includes both Metazoa and Protozoa.

What is the correct phylum for roundworms?

  • Annelida
  • Nematoda (correct)
  • Mollusca
  • Arthropoda

Which order of the phylum Nematoda includes Ascaris?

  • Ascaridata (correct)
  • Annelida
  • Strongyleta
  • Cestoda

Ancylostoma is an example of which order in the phylum Nematoda?

<p>Strongyleta (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not part of the subkingdom Metazoa?

<p>Protozoa (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the renette gland in the excretory system?

<p>To excrete excess water and metabolic wastes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many long longitudinal nerve cords extend posteriorly from the circumpharyngeal nerve ring?

<p>6 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about the circulatory and respiratory systems in the body structure described?

<p>Both systems are absent (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure opens by a ventral excretory pore behind the mouth?

<p>Renette gland (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of nerve structure extends anteriorly towards the mouth?

<p>Shorter nerve cords (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reproductive system characteristics of most nematodes?

<p>They have separate sexes with paired reproductive organs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do spicules play in the reproductive process of nematodes?

<p>They aid in sperm introduction to the female (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which anatomical feature is primarily involved in the mating process of nematodes?

<p>Cloaca (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During nematode mating, where is the sperm introduced?

<p>Into the female vagina (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the body cavity of nematodes where their reproductive organs are located?

<p>Pseudocoelom (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure unites with the anal passage in the cloaca?

<p>Ejaculatory duct (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is associated with the dorsal side of the anal passage?

<p>Sac of the penis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which components make up the female reproductive organs that lie in the pseudocoel?

<p>Ovaries, Uteri, Vagina (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is contained within the sac of the penis?

<p>Copulatory spicules (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are the female reproductive organs located in relation to the pseudocoel?

<p>In the posterior two-thirds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What shape is the fertilized ovum of the Ascaris?

<p>Oval (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the outer surface of the fertilized ovum of Ascaris consist of?

<p>A thick brown shell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

After mating, what does a female Ascaris do?

<p>Lays fertilized eggs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure that surrounds the zygote of Ascaris?

<p>An inner thick coat and a thin shell (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many cells does the fertilized ovum of Ascaris contain?

<p>One cell (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do infections typically occur regarding the ingestion of eggs?

<p>When eggs are swallowed with uncooked vegetables (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens after a host swallows embryonated eggs?

<p>The eggs hatch into tiny juveniles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common way for children to ingest embryonated eggs?

<p>By putting soiled fingers or toys in their mouths (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fate of the tiny juveniles after they hatch from eggs in the host?

<p>They continue to grow and develop within the host (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential risk factor for infection related to children's play habits?

<p>Putting contaminated toys in their mouths (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Phylum Nematoda

A phylum of roundworms, characterized by their cylindrical bodies.

Order Ascaridata

A group of roundworms that includes the species Ascaris.

Order Strongyleta

A group of roundworms including Ancylostoma.

Kingdom Animalia

The broadest biological classification of animals.

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Subkingdom Metazoa

The subkingdom of multicellular animals.

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Nervous system structure

A ring of nerves around the pharynx, with six long posterior and six shorter anterior nerve cords.

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No circulatory & respiratory systems

Earthworms don't have blood vessels or organs for breathing air or water.

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Excretory organ

The renette gland removes waste products and excess water.

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Excretory pore location

The excretory pore is underneath the body and behind the mouth.

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Waste Removal Method

Removes excess water and other metabolic waste products through a special gland (renette gland).

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Nematode Sexes

Most nematodes have distinct male and female individuals.

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Nematode Reproductive Organs

Nematodes possess paired reproductive organs located within their pseudocoelom.

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Nematode Mating

During mating, the male nematode introduces sperm into the female's vagina.

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Nematode Spicules

Male nematodes use two spicules, projections from their cloaca, to help transfer sperm.

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Nematode Cloaca

The cloaca is a common opening for the digestive, reproductive, and excretory systems in male nematodes.

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Cloaca

A common chamber in some animals where the digestive, urinary, and reproductive tracts empty.

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Copulatory Spicules

Sharp, pointed structures used by male nematodes for mating.

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Sac of the Penis

Muscular sacs in male nematodes containing copulatory spicules.

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Ovaries

Female reproductive organs in nematodes, responsible for producing eggs.

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What is the function of the vagina in female nematodes?

The vagina is the final part of the female reproductive tract, leading to the outside, where sperm enters and eggs are released to the exterior.

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Fertilized Ascaris Ovum

A fertilized Ascaris egg, oval in shape and containing a single cell (zygote), surrounded by a thin shell, an inner coat, and a thick brown outer shell.

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Zygote

The single cell formed after fertilization of an egg, which has the potential to develop into a new Ascaris.

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Ascaris Egg Structure

The egg has three layers: a thin inner shell, an inner coat, and a thick brown outer shell.

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Ascaris Life Cycle

The life cycle starts with a fertilized ovum that develops into a new Ascaris.

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Ascaris Shell Layers

The Ascaris egg has a thin inner shell, an inner coat, and a thick brown outer shell.

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How do roundworms infect?

Roundworm infections often occur when people ingest eggs from uncooked vegetables, or when young children put soiled fingers or toys in their mouths.

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What happens after swallowing a roundworm egg?

When a person swallows an embryonated roundworm egg (one with a developing larva), the tiny larva hatches inside the body.

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Where do roundworms live?

Roundworms can live in a variety of places in the body, but often reside in the intestines.

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How do roundworms move?

Roundworms have a muscular body and use their muscles to move in a wriggling motion.

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What is a roundworm's life cycle?

Roundworms start as eggs, then develop a larva, and finally become an adult worm. The adults lay eggs, completing the cycle.

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Study Notes

Kingdom and Phylum

  • Kingdom: Animalia
  • Subkingdom: Metazoa
  • Phylum: Nemathelminths
  • Class: Nematoda (Roundworms)

Nematoda Characteristics

  • Body: Cylindrical, bilaterally symmetrical, unsegmented
  • Size: 1/10 mm to 1 meter in length
  • Sexes: Usually separate
  • Habitat: Free-living or parasitic; found in plants and animals
  • Body Structure: Tube within a tube; outer body wall; inner alimentary canal; pseudocoelom houses reproductive organs
  • Cuticle: Tough, flexible; molts 4 times during life
  • Nervous system: Circum-pharyngeal nerve ring; longitudinal and shorter nerves extending to the mouth
  • Excretory system: Removes excess water and metabolic wastes via a renette gland with a ventral excretory pore
  • Digestive system: Alimentary canal; opens by mouth and anus.

Ascaris Species

  • Order: Ascaridata
  • Example: Ascaris
  • Order: Strongyleta
  • Example: Ancylostoma

Ascaris Life Cycle

  • Eggs are released by the female in the host's feces.
  • Embryos develop into infective juveniles.
  • Ingestion of eggs leads to hatching in the small intestine.
  • Larvae migrate to the lungs via blood.
  • Larvae coughed up, swallowed, and reach adult stage in the small intestine.

Additional notes

  • Females are usually larger than males
  • Parasitic or free-living

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Nematodes PDF

Description

Explore the fascinating world of Nematoda, including their unique characteristics and the life cycle of the Ascaris species. This quiz covers their anatomical features, habitat, and reproductive processes. Test your knowledge on these essential roundworms!

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