Micro bacteria 3
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Micro bacteria 3

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Questions and Answers

Which feature contributes to the virulence of N meningitidis?

  • Oxidase-negative characteristic
  • Lipid A presence in its membrane
  • Presence of multiple serotypes
  • Prominent polysaccharide capsule (correct)

    • What is the main role of Protein II in N gonorrhoeae?

  • Rendering the organism non-pathogenic
  • Attachment to host cells (correct)
  • Inhibiting growth in culture media
  • Inducing protective antibodies

    • What distinguishes LOS from LPS found in enteric gram-negative rods?

  • Lipid A is absent in LOS
  • Presence of fewer sugars in the oligosaccharide part of LOS (correct)
  • Presence of a long sugar chain in LOS
  • LPS containing only lipid components

    • How many serologic groups can meningococci be divided into based on their capsular polysaccharides?

    <p>13</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is serotype A of N meningitidis particularly significant?

    <p>It is the leading cause of epidemic meningitis worldwide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which culture medium is most suitable for growing Neisseriae?

    <p>Chocolate agar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the polysaccharide capsule of N meningitidis?

    <p>To enhance virulence through antiphagocytic action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bacteria is Neisseriae classified as?

    <p>Gram-negative cocci</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant clinical manifestation associated with Neisseria meningitidis infection?

    <p>Purpuric rash lesions on the leg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which property is characteristic of Neisseria species?

    <p>They are capsulated and possess pili</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is primarily caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae?

    <p>Pelvic inflammatory disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which of the following environments do Neisseria species typically thrive?

    <p>Enriched complex media with CO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable risk associated with Neisseria meningitidis in the United States?

    <p>It is the leading cause of death from infection in children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neisseria meningitidis primarily causes pneumonia and septicemia.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neisseria gonorrhoeae can lead to neonatal conjunctivitis, which is also referred to as ophthalmia neonatorum.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neisseria species can survive outside the host for extended periods due to their strict parasitic nature.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neisseria gonorrhoeae is the leading cause of death from infection in children in the United States.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The size of Neisseria species typically measures between 0.6 and 0.8 mm.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    N meningitidis lacks a polysaccharide capsule.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neisseria gonorrhoeae is characterized by multiple serotypes based on the antigenicity of its polysaccharide capsule.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The endotoxin of Neisseriae is classified as lipo-oligosaccharide (LOS).

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Serotype B of N meningitidis is responsible for most cases of meningitis in the United States.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neisseriae are cultured on blood agar plates without any modifications.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gonococci have a significant number of known serotypes due to antigenic variation in their pili.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Meningococci are divided into five serologic groups based solely on their outer membrane proteins.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The antigen detected in the spinal fluid of patients with meningitis is related to the capsular antigens of N meningitidis.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify one major disease caused by Neisseria meningitidis and describe its seriousness.

    <p>Meningitis is a major disease caused by Neisseria meningitidis, and it is critical as it is the leading cause of death from infection in children in the U.S.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain the term 'strict parasites' in relation to Neisseria species.

    <p>'Strict parasites' indicates that Neisseria species cannot survive for long outside their human host and rely on it for their existence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of transmission for Neisseria gonorrhoeae and its consequence?

    <p>Neisseria gonorrhoeae is primarily transmitted through sexual contact, leading to gonorrhea, which can result in pelvic inflammatory disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Discuss the structural features of Neisseria that contribute to its classification as Gram-negative cocci.

    <p>Neisseria species are classified as Gram-negative cocci due to their double membrane structure and the presence of a thin peptidoglycan layer, along with their characteristic shape resembling kidney beans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the purpuric rash observed in meningococcemia caused by N meningitidis?

    <p>The purpuric rash in meningococcemia signifies serious systemic infection and is a result of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) caused by the endotoxin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the polysaccharide capsule of N meningitidis enhance its virulence?

    <p>It has an antiphagocytic action and induces protective antibodies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes N gonorrhoeae from N meningitidis regarding their capsule properties?

    <p>N gonorrhoeae has no polysaccharide capsule, while N meningitidis has a prominent one.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of lipooligosaccharide (LOS) in Neisseriae?

    <p>LOS functions as an endotoxin that contributes to the inflammatory response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is serotype A of N meningitidis particularly notable in global health?

    <p>It is the leading cause of epidemic meningitis worldwide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe the antigenic variation observed in N gonorrhoeae.

    <p>There are more than 100 serotypes due to chromosomal rearrangement affecting pilus proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain how the culture conditions for Neisseriae differ from other bacteria.

    <p>They are cultured on chocolate agar to inactivate toxic trace metals and fatty acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the capsule antigen in the management of meningococcal disease?

    <p>Capsule antigens are used in formulating vaccines against meningococcal infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can one distinguish between the outer membrane proteins of N gonorrhoeae?

    <p>They include proteins I, II, and III, with protein II being crucial for cell attachment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neisseria meningitidis is primarily known for causing ______ and meningococcemia.

    <p>meningitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neisseria gonorrhoeae is responsible for the second most common notifiable bacterial disease known as ______.

    <p>gonorrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neisseria species require enriched complex media and high levels of ______ for growth.

    <p>CO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neisseria spp. are classified as ______ cocci due to their staining characteristics.

    <p>Gram-negative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The presence of a purpuric rash in patients can indicate a severe condition known as ______, caused by Neisseria meningitidis.

    <p>meningococcemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    N meningitidis has a prominent polysaccharide ______ that enhances its virulence.

    <p>capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    N gonorrhoeae is characterized by multiple ______ based on the antigenicity of its pilus protein.

    <p>serotypes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Meningococci are divided into at least 13 serologic groups based on the antigenicity of their capsular ______.

    <p>polysaccharides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neisseriae are gram-negative bacteria and contain ______ in their outer membrane.

    <p>endotoxin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The growth of Neisseriae is inhibited by toxic trace metals and fatty acids present in certain culture ______.

    <p>media</p> Signup and view all the answers

    N meningitidis is responsible for the majority of cases of epidemic ______ worldwide.

    <p>meningitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neisseriae possess the enzyme ______, which is used as a key indicator in identifying these bacteria.

    <p>cytochrome c</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The antigen detected in the spinal fluid of patients with meningitis is related to the capsular ______ of N meningitidis.

    <p>antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following Neisseria species with their associated diseases:

    <p>Neisseria meningitidis = Meningococcemia Neisseria gonorrhoeae = Ophthalmia neonatorum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the properties of Neisseria with their descriptions:

    <p>Gram-negative = Stains red under a microscope Capsulated = Possesses a polysaccharide outer structure Diplococcus = Resembles paired kidney beans Strict parasites = Does not survive long outside the host</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms related to Neisseria with their definitions:

    <p>Meningococcemia = Presence of Neisseria meningitidis in the bloodstream Endotoxin = Component contributing to virulence of Neisseria Conjunctivitis = Inflammation of the eye generally caused by infections DIC = Disseminated intravascular coagulation associated with meningococcal infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following Gram-negative characteristics with their relevance to Neisseria:

    <p>Capsule = Enhances virulence and evades the immune system Pili = Facilitates adherence to host cells Oxidative metabolism = Requires oxygen for energy production Size range = 0.6–0.8 μm indicating small bacterial size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following clinical features with the correct Neisseria species:

    <p>Purpuric rash = Neisseria meningitidis infection Pelvic inflammatory disease = Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection Neonatal conjunctivitis = Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection Leading cause of infection-related death in children = Neisseria meningitidis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the Neisseria species with their respective properties or features:

    <p>N meningitidis = Leading cause of epidemic meningitis N gonorrhoeae = Multiple serotypes based on pilus protein Both species = Oxidase-positive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the feature with its corresponding Neisseria species:

    <p>Polysaccharide capsule = N meningitidis Endotoxin is lipooligosaccharide = Neisseriae Antigenic variation = N gonorrhoeae Induces protective antibodies = Capsule of N meningitidis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the Neisseria-related term with its description:

    <p>Capsule of N meningitidis = Enhances virulence via antiphagocytic action Antigen in spinal fluid = Capsular antigens of N meningitidis LOS = Endotoxin present in Neisseriae Culture medium for Neisseriae = Chocolate agar heated to 80°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the statement with the correct Neisseria species:

    <p>Causes most diseases in the United States = N meningitidis serotype B Marked antigenic variation observed = N gonorrhoeae Has no polysaccharide capsule = N gonorrhoeae Divided into at least 13 serologic groups = N meningitidis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the characteristics with the correct Neisseria species:

    <p>N meningitidis = Vaccine formulations include capsule antigens N gonorrhoeae = Outer membrane proteins I, II, and III Both Neisseria species = Culture inhibited by trace metals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the Neisseria virulence factor with its associated action:

    <p>Polysaccharide capsule = Induces protective antibodies Pilus protein = Facilitates attachment to cells Endotoxin (LOS) = Triggers immune response Surface proteins = Contributes to antigenic variation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of immune response to the corresponding Neisseria feature:

    <p>Capsular antigens = Stimulates antibody production Antigenic variation = Evasion of immune detection LOS = Endotoxin-related shock Pili = Adhesion to host cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the disease caused by Neisseria with its corresponding feature:

    <p>Meningococcemia = Purpuric rash Gonorrhea = Second most common notifiable disease Epidemic meningitis = Caused by serotype A Neonatal conjunctivitis = Associated with N gonorrhoeae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Neisseria genus

    • Contains two important human pathogens: Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae
    • N. meningitidis primarily causes meningitis and meningococcemia, the leading cause of infectious death in US children.
    • N. gonorrhoeae causes gonorrhea, the second most common notifiable bacterial disease in the US.
    • N. gonorrhoeae also causes neonatal conjunctivitis and pelvic inflammatory disease.

    Properties of Neisseria

    • Gram-negative cocci.
    • Aerobic, performing oxidative metabolism.
    • Lack flagella and spores.
    • Possess capsules and pili.
    • Require enriched complex media and CO2 for growth.
    • Diplococci with a flattened or concave shape resembling paired kidney beans.
    • Strict parasites, unable to survive long outside the host.
    • Size ranges from 0.6–0.8 μm.
    • Oxidase-positive, catalase-positive, and non-acid-fast.

    Virulence Factors of Neisseria

    • N. meningitidis (meningococcus)
      • Prominent polysaccharide capsule enhances virulence by inhibiting phagocytosis and stimulating protective antibody production.
      • Classified into at least 13 serogroups based on capsular polysaccharide antigenicity.
      • Five serotypes (A, B, C, Y, and W) cause most cases of meningitis and meningococcemia.
      • Serotype A is the main cause of epidemic meningitis globally.
      • Serotype B causes most cases in the US.
      • Capsule antigens are used for vaccine development.
    • N. gonorrhoeae (gonococcus)
      • Lacks a polysaccharide capsule.
      • Multiple serotypes based on pilus protein antigenicity.
      • Marked antigenic variation in pili arises from chromosomal rearrangements, resulting in over 100 known serotypes.
      • Three outer membrane proteins (I, II, and III).
      • Protein II aids in attachment to cells and exhibits antigenic variation.

    Properties of Neisseria Endotoxin

    • Neisseria are gram-negative bacteria, containing endotoxin in their outer membrane.
    • Neisseria's endotoxin consists of lipooligosaccharide (LOS), unlike the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) found in enteric gram-negative rods.
    • Both LOS and LPS contain lipid A, but LOS contains few sugars in its oligosaccharide part, while LPS has a long repeating sugar side chain.

    Neisseria Growth Requirements

    • Both N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae growth are inhibited by toxic trace metals and fatty acids found in certain culture media.
    • They are cultured on "chocolate" agar, containing blood heated to 80°C, which inactivates the inhibitors.
    • Neisseria are oxidase-positive, possessing the enzyme cytochrome c.

    Neisseria

    • Consists of two major human pathogens: Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae
    • N. meningitidis primarily causes meningitis and meningococcemia.
    • N. gonorrhoeae causes gonorrhea, neonatal conjunctivitis, and pelvic inflammatory disease.

    Clinical Features of Neisseria

    • N. meningitidis infection can lead to meningococcemia, where bacteria enter the bloodstream and multiply, causing damage to blood vessel walls.
    • N. meningitidis is the leading cause of death from infection in children in the United States.

    Important Properties of Neisseria

    • Gram-negative cocci
    • Aerobic
    • Lack flagella and spores
    • Capsulated with pili
    • Require enriched, complex media and CO2 for growth.
    • Diplococcus with flattened or concave shape resembling paired kidney beans.
    • Strict parasites that cannot survive long outside of the host.
    • Size ranges between 0.6–0.8 μm
    • Oxidase-positive
    • Non-acid-fast
    • Produce catalase and oxidase

    Important Properties and Virulence Factors of Neisseria

    • 1. N. meningitidis (Meningococcus)*

    • Has a prominent polysaccharide capsule crucial for enhancing virulence.

    • The capsule inhibits phagocytosis and triggers protective antibody production.

    • Classified into at least 13 serologic groups based on their capsular polysaccharide antigens.

    • Five serotypes (A, B, C, Y, and W) cause most cases of meningitis and meningococcemia.

    • Serotype A dominates epidemics worldwide.

    • Serotype B is the most common cause in the United States.

    • Capsule antigens are used in the formulation and manufacture of vaccines.

    • 2. N. gonorrhoeae (Gonococcus)*

    • Lacks a polysaccharide capsule

    • Classified into multiple serotypes based on the antigenicity of its pilus protein.

    • Exhibits significant antigenic variation in pili due to chromosomal rearrangements.

    • Over 100 serotypes are known.

    • Has three outer membrane proteins (I, II, and III).

    • Protein II plays a role in attachment and displays antigenic variation.

    Antigenic Properties

    • Neisseria species are gram-negative bacteria.
    • Their outer membranes contain endotoxin (Lipooligosaccharide, LOS).
    • LOS differs from the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) found in enteric gram-negative rods.
    • Both LOS and LPS contain lipid A, but LOS has few sugars in its oligosaccharide portion, whereas LPS contains a long repeating sugar side chain.

    Growth and Detection

    • The growth of both N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae is inhibited by toxic trace metals and fatty acids present in certain culture media (e.g., blood agar plates).
    • They are cultured on "chocolate" agar, which contains blood heated to 80°C to inactivate the inhibitors.
    • Neisseriae are oxidase-positive, meaning they contain the enzyme cytochrome c.

    Neisseria

    • The genus Neisseria contains two important human pathogens: Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
    • Neisseria meningitidis is commonly known as the meningococcus.
    • Neisseria gonorrhoeae is commonly known as the gonococcus.
    • N. meningitidis mainly causes meningitis and meningococcemia.
    • Meningococcemia is when bacteria enter the bloodstream, multiply, and damage blood vessel walls.
    • N. gonorrhoeae causes gonorrhea, the second most common notifiable bacterial disease in the United States.
    • N.gonorrhoeae causes neonatal conjunctivitis, also known as ophthalmia neonatorum.
    • N. gonorrhoeae also causes pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).

    Important Properties of Neisseria

    • Neisseria spp. are Gram-negative cocci.
    • They are aerobic and utilize oxidative metabolism.
    • They do not possess flagella or spores.
    • They are capsulated and possess pili.
    • They require enriched, complex media and carbon dioxide for growth.
    • They are diplococci with a flattened or concave shape, resembling paired kidney beans within neutrophils.
    • They are strict parasites, unable to survive long outside the host.
    • They are oxidase-positive and produce catalase.
    • Their size ranges between 0.6–0.8 μm.

    Virulence Factors

    • N. meningitidis has a prominent polysaccharide capsule, enhancing virulence by its antiphagocytic action and inducing protective antibodies.
    • N. meningitidis is divided into at least 13 serologic groups based on the antigenicity of their capsular polysaccharides.
    • Five serotypes cause most cases of meningitis and meningococcemia: A, B, C, Y, and W.
    • Serotype A is the leading cause of epidemic meningitis worldwide.
    • Serotype B accounts for most diseases in the United States.
    • Capsule antigens are used in vaccine formulation and manufacture.
    • N. gonorrhoeae does not have a polysaccharide capsule.
    • N. gonorrhoeae has multiple serotypes based on the antigenicity of its pilus protein.
    • The gonococcal pili have marked antigenic variation due to chromosomal rearrangement.
    • More than 100 serotypes of N. gonorrhoeae are known.
    • N. gonorrhoeae has three outer membrane proteins (proteins I, II, and III).
    • Protein II plays a role in attaching the organism to cells and also varies antigenically.

    Antigenic Properties

    • Neisseriae are gram-negative bacteria containing endotoxin in their outer membrane.
    • The endotoxin of Neisseriae consists of lipo-oligosaccharide (LOS), unlike the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) found in enteric gram-negative rods.
    • Both LPS and LOS contain lipid A, but LOS contains few sugars in its oligosaccharide part, while LPS contains a long repeating sugar side chain.

    Culture

    • The growth of both N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae is inhibited by toxic trace metals and fatty acids found in certain culture media (e.g., blood agar plates).
    • They are cultured on "chocolate" agar containing blood heated to 80°C, which inactivates the inhibitors.
    • Neisseriae are oxidase-positive, possessing the enzyme cytochrome c.

    Neisseria Genus

    • Contains two important human pathogens: Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
    • N. meningitidis primarily causes meningitis and meningococcemia.
    • N. gonorrhoeae is the causative agent of gonorrhea, the second most common notifiable bacterial disease in the United States.
    • N. gonorrhoeae also causes neonatal conjunctivitis (ophthalmia neonatorum) and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).
    • N. meningitidis is also known as the meningococcus, and N. gonorrhoeae is also known as the gonococcus.

    Important Properties of Neisseria

    • Gram-negative cocci.
    • Aerobic (Oxidative metabolism).
    • Do not possess flagella or spores.
    • Capsulated and possess pili.
    • Require enriched complex media and CO2.
    • Diplococcus, resembling paired kidney beans within neutrophils.
    • Strict parasites, unable to survive long outside the host.
    • Size ranges between 0.6–0.8 μm.
    • Oxidase-positive, non-acid-fast cocci.
    • Produce catalase and oxidase.

    Virulence Factors of Neisseria

    • N. meningitidis (meningococcus)

      • Possesses a prominent polysaccharide capsule enhancing virulence by its antiphagocytic action and inducing protective antibodies.
      • Divided into at least 13 serologic groups based on capsular polysaccharide antigenicity.
      • Five serotypes (A, B, C, Y, and W) cause most cases of meningitis and meningococcemia.
      • Serotype A is the leading cause of epidemic meningitis worldwide.
      • Serotype B accounts for most diseases in the United States.
      • Capsule antigens are utilized in vaccine formulation.

    • N. gonorrhoeae (gonococcus)

      • Lacks a polysaccharide capsule.
      • Has multiple serotypes based on the antigenicity of its pilus protein.
      • Marked antigenic variation in the gonococcal pili due to chromosomal rearrangement.
      • Over 100 serotypes are known.
      • Possesses three outer membrane proteins (proteins I, II, and III).
      • Protein II is involved in attachment to cells and exhibits antigenic variation.

    Antigenic Properties of Neisseria

    • Gram-negative bacteria containing endotoxin in their outer membrane.
    • Neisseriae endotoxin consists of lipo-oligosaccharide (LOS), distinct from the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) found in enteric gram-negative rods.
    • Both LPS and LOS contain lipid A, but LOS has a shorter oligosaccharide component compared to the long repeating sugar side chain of LPS.

    Culture and Growth of Neisseria

    • The growth of both N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae is inhibited by toxic trace metals and fatty acids found in certain culture media.
    • They are cultured on "chocolate" agar containing blood heated to 80°C, which inactivates these inhibitors.
    • Neisseriae are oxidase-positive, possessing the enzyme cytochrome c.

    Neisseria: The Genus

    • Neisseria includes two important human pathogens: Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
    • N. meningitidis is a leading cause of death from infection in children in the United States.
    • N. gonorrhoeae causes gonorrhea, the second most common notifiable bacterial disease in the United States.

    Clinical Features of Neisseria

    • N. meningitidis primarily causes meningitis and meningococcemia, which is when the bacteria enter the bloodstream and multiply, damaging blood vessel walls.
    • N. gonorrhoeae can cause:
      • Gonorrhea
      • Neonatal conjunctivitis (ophthalmia neonatorum)
      • Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).

    Important Properties of Neisseria

    • Gram-negative cocci
    • Aerobic (oxidative metabolism)
    • No flagella or spores
    • Capsulated and possess pili
    • Require enriched complex media and CO2
    • Diplococci that appear flattened or concave (resembling kidney beans)
    • Strict parasites, can't survive long outside of the host
    • Size ranges between 0.6–0.8 μm
    • Oxidase-positive
    • Non-acid-fast
    • Produce catalase and oxidase

    Virulence Factors of Neisseria

    N. meningitidis

    • Possesses a prominent polysaccharide capsule that increases virulence through antiphagocytic action and induces protective antibody responses.
    • This capsule is responsible for differentiating meningococci into at least 13 serologic groups.
    • Five serotypes cause the majority of cases: A, B, C, Y, and W.
      • Serotype A is the leading cause of epidemic meningitis worldwide.
      • Serotype B is the most prevalent in the United States.

    N. gonorrhoeae

    • Lacks a polysaccharide capsule but has multiple serotypes based on pilus protein antigenicity.
    • Has three outer membrane proteins (proteins I, II, and III) that play a role in attachment to cells.
    • Protein II varies antigenically.

    Antigenic Properties

    • Neisseria species contain endotoxin in their outer membrane.
    • The endotoxin is known as lipooligosaccharide (LOS) in Neisseria, unlike the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) found in enteric gram-negative bacteria.
    • Both LOS and LPS contain lipid A, but LOS has a shorter oligosaccharide portion with fewer sugars compared to the longer, repeating sugar side chain of LPS.

    Growth Requirements

    • Both N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae growth is inhibited by toxic trace metals and fatty acids found in certain culture media.
    • Therefore, they are cultured on "chocolate" agar, which is blood heated to 80 °C to inactivate inhibitors.
    • Neisseria are oxidase-positive.

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    Description

    Explore the key characteristics and pathogenicity of the Neisseria genus, focusing on N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae. This quiz covers their properties, virulence factors, and importance in human health, particularly related to infections. Test your knowledge about these Gram-negative cocci and their unique attributes.

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