Negative Externalities and Social Optimization Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best defines a normative economic principle?

  • A principle that measures economic welfare
  • A principle that predicts how people will behave
  • A principle that assesses market efficiency
  • A principle that says how people should behave (correct)

What does welfare economics study?

  • How equilibrium in the market maximizes total welfare
  • How buyers and sellers benefit from participating in the market
  • How the supply and demand curves relate to consumer and producer surplus
  • How the allocation of resources affects economic wellbeing (correct)

How is consumer surplus measured using the demand curve?

  • The area below the demand curve and above the price (correct)
  • The difference between the amount a seller is paid and the seller's cost
  • The difference between the maximum amount a buyer will pay and the amount the buyer actually pays
  • The area above the demand curve and below the price

Which of the following is an advantage of standards over market-based instruments?

<p>Standards are easy to understand (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of standards compared to market-based instruments?

<p>Firms have no incentives to reduce pollution beyond the standard (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do tradable pollution permits combine?

<p>Command-and-control approach with market-based instruments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what does the area below the price and above the supply curve measure in a market?

<p>Producer surplus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of allocation would a fictional benevolent social planner choose to maximize society's well-being?

<p>The quantity supplied and demanded must maximize total surplus received by all members of society. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the equilibrium allocation in a perfectly competitive market achieve?

<p>Maximizes total surplus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What conditions must be satisfied for the equilibrium outcome to be an efficient allocation?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the social optimum in the presence of a negative externality?

<p>The social optimum is determined by the intersection of the social cost and demand curves. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of a positive externality in consumption?

<p>The demand curve does not change from the situation without external benefit. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is true about the market equilibrium in the presence of a positive externality?

<p>The market participants trade too high a quantity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one way to deal with positive externalities in consumption?

<p>Internalising the externalities by subsidising the sellers. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to welfare economics, what does consumer surplus measure in a market?

<p>The net benefit that buyers receive from a good (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does producer surplus measure in a market?

<p>The net benefit that sellers receive from a good (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the area below the demand curve and above the price measure in a market?

<p>Consumer surplus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a disadvantage of standards compared to market-based instruments?

<p>Firms have incentives to reduce pollution beyond the standard (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do tradable pollution permits combine?

<p>Command-and-control with market-based instruments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of a positive externality in consumption?

<p>Consumers consume more than the socially optimal level (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what does the area below the price and above the supply curve measure in a market?

<p>Producer surplus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of an allocation would a fictional benevolent social planner choose to maximize society's well-being?

<p>Allocation that maximizes total surplus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What allocation is chosen in a competitive market?

<p>Allocation based on demand of goods (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of a negative externality in production?

<p>Increase in social cost (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the social optimum in the presence of a positive externality?

<p>The socially optimal level is larger than the equilibrium quantity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one way to deal with negative externalities in production?

<p>Imposing a tax on the producer to reduce the equilibrium quantity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one way to deal with positive externalities in consumption?

<p>Subsidizing the buyers to increase the equilibrium quantity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the command-and-control approach in environmental policy?

<p>Setting a standard and monitoring and enforcing it. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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