Laboratory
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Questions and Answers

Size of the needle is expressed by:

  • units
  • gauge numbers (correct)
  • cubic centimeters
  • percent

    • Cellular elements in the blood which are important in coagulation are:

  • purpura
  • prothrombin (correct)
  • protoplasm
  • phagocytes

    • The universal donor is blood type:

  • AB
  • O (correct)
  • A
  • B

    • The lenses of the microscope should be cleaned with——- to prevent scratching

    <p>lens paper</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Phlebotomy needles should be stored

    <p>at room temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Venipuncture at sites with each of the following could affect test results except?

    <p>near tattoo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A blood collection vacuum tube is part of the

    <p>B-D Vacutainer system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The action by which a fluid will enter, a tube or pipette because of the attraction between the glass and liquid is?

    <p>aspiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following methods is used for detecting Meningitis?

    <p>blood analyses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A test of the body's ability to absorb and utilize a particular substance is which of the following?

    <p>Tolerance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the compatibility test performed before a unit of blood is determined to be suitable for transfusion?

    <p>crossmatch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood test usually does not require skin puncture?

    <p>glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For an ABG collection, what is the required amount of sample?

    <p>1 mL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following complications could be associated with the collection of arterial blood gas?

    <p>all are correct (a,b and d)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a hematoma starts to form during the course of a phlebotomy, which of the following should be done?

    <p>remove the needle and apply pressure to the site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the special winged needle set that can be left in a patient's vein for up to 48 hours and is used to administer medication and draw blood?

    <p>Heparin lock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the "ACT" test used to determine?

    <p>monitoring heparin therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When drawing a blood alcohol, the site cannot be prepped with which of the following?

    <p>alcohol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The bevel of the needle should be in which position before entering a vein?

    <p>positioned upward</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A retractable sheath is part of a

    <p>multiple-draw needle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not skin puncture equipment?

    <p>forceps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Needles are color coded according to

    <p>gauge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The mostcommon antiseptic for a routine blood draw is

    <p>70% isopropyl alcohol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hemoguard is a type of

    <p>sheathe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Blood composed of formed elements suspended in a fluid is called

    <p>plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an anticoagulated blood specimen from venipuncture called?

    <p>plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A labeled specimen must include

    <p>all of the choices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following would be reason to reject a specimen for testing?

    <p>all of the choices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a tube of blood is allowed to stand undisturbed, it will separate into:

    <p>three major components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Of the following veins, which would be most frequently used for venipunctures?

    <p>median cubital vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does 'warming the site' have on venipuncture?

    <p>it increases localized blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hematoma during venipuncture results from which of the following?

    <p>needle bevel is partially inserted in the vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    It is necessary to control the depth of a lancet insertion during skin puncture to avoid?

    <p>excessive bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Blood smears for evaluation of cells should have which of the following characteristics?

    <p>at least one half of the slide should be covered</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following items are needed to collect a blood culture specimen?

    <p>all of the choices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For the epinephrine tolerance test, blood is collected to test for:

    <p>blood sugar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many major types of proteins are contained in the blood?

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lab results are unreliable if specimens are collected

    <p>after ingestion of alcohol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Spinal fluid cultures would be used to determine -

    <p>Meningitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following dyes would be used to test a patient's liver function?

    <p>Bromsulphalein dye</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The test that is required to test the patient's insulin releasing mechanism is called

    <p>glucose tolerance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Anticoagulants prevent the blood from

    <p>forming a clot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are not true about capillaries?

    <p>They have sensitive nerve endings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The laboratory test for cholesterol would be for

    <p>assessing risk of coronary heart disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To evaluate the endocrine system you would

    <p>analyze hormone levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors result in failure to draw blood during venipuncture?

    <p>all of the choices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A puncture resistant leak-proof container used to dispose of used needles, lancets, and other sharp objects is called:

    <p>A sharps container</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gout is identified by which type of blood test?

    <p>uric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood test identifies coronary artery disease and atherosclerosis?

    <p>total cholesterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is characteristic of lancets?

    <p>they are small disposable instruments with a sharp point used to puncture the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is used in the capillary puncture technique?

    <p>a lancet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is characteristic of the capillary puncture?

    <p>the patient's nondominant hand is used for this procedure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method of drawing blood would you use on a patient with small or fragile veins?

    <p>the needle and syringe system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The most common sites for venipuncture are the

    <p>medican cubital and cephalic veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is important when drawing blood from and elderly patient?

    <p>recognize changes in skin conditions that increase bruising</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is used to prepare the skin before a venipuncture when alcohol causes inaccurate results for certain tests?

    <p>soap and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process of clotting is called:

    <p>coagulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the clear, yellow liquid in which the formed elements of blood are suspended?

    <p>plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The function of the leukocytes is to:

    <p>Protect the body against infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Whole blood is:

    <p>The total volume of plasma and formed elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A reference point with which test results are compared is

    <p>Basal state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A prolonged bleeding time is indicative of

    <p>low platelet count</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The most frequently occurring lab acquired infection is

    <p>HBV infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    WBC is an abbreviation for a common laboratory test for

    <p>white blood count</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hemoconcentration can be caused by:

    <p>all of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following may cause changes in a basal state?

    <p>all of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Blood Collection and Testing Basics

    • Needle size is indicated by gauge numbers; larger numbers represent smaller needle diameters.
    • Cellular elements in blood essential for coagulation include platelets and clotting factors.
    • Blood type O negative is known as the universal donor as it can be given to any patient.
    • To prevent scratches, lenses of microscopes should be cleaned with lens paper.
    • Phlebotomy needles should be stored in a clean, dry area to maintain sterility.
    • Venipuncture at certain sites, like the back of the hand, can yield reliable results, while other sites may introduce variability.

    Blood Collection Equipment and Techniques

    • A blood collection vacuum tube is critical for drawing blood from veins.
    • Capillary action allows liquid to move into a tube or pipette through adhesion and cohesion.
    • Lumbar puncture is the method used for detecting Meningitis.
    • Absorption and utilization of a substance are measured through specific absorption tests.
    • Compatibility testing, known as crossmatching, is performed before blood transfusions.
    • Venipuncture usually does not require skin puncture for tests like blood cultures.
    • Arterial blood gas (ABG) samples typically require 1-3 mL of blood.

    Procedures and Precautions

    • Complications from arterial blood gas collection include hematoma, arterial injury, and infection.
    • If a hematoma forms during phlebotomy, apply pressure, and elevate the site to minimize bleeding.
    • A special winged infusion set, known as a butterfly needle, can remain in a vein for 48 hours for medication delivery.
    • The Activated Clotting Time (ACT) test monitors anticoagulation during procedures.
    • Ethanol tests cannot be prepped with alcohol due to contamination risk; use sterile saline instead.
    • The bevel of the needle must face upward before entering a vein for optimal access.

    Types of Specimens and Testing Considerations

    • A retractable needle sheath is designed for safety after use, preventing needle-stick injuries.
    • Items not considered as skin puncture equipment include large bore needles.
    • Needles are color-coded according to gauge size, allowing for quick identification.
    • The most common antiseptic for blood draws is 70% isopropyl alcohol.
    • Hemoguard refers to a type of blood collection tube with a protective barrier.

    Blood Components and Analysis

    • Blood is composed of formed elements (cells) suspended in plasma.
    • An anticoagulated blood specimen is obtained through venipuncture without clotting.
    • Labeled specimens must include patient identification, date, time, and collector's initials.
    • Reasons to reject a specimen include hemolysis or improper labeling.
    • Blood separates into plasma and formed elements when allowed to stand undisturbed.

    Venipuncture and Specimen Collection Techniques

    • The median cubital vein is the most commonly used for venipunctures.
    • Warming the site before venipuncture promotes better blood flow and easier access.
    • Hematomas during venipuncture often result from penetrating a vein too deeply.
    • Controlling the lancet depth during skin puncture is crucial to prevent nerve damage.
    • Blood smears for cellular evaluation should be thin and even.

    Specific Tests and Functions

    • Blood culture specimens require sterile containers and proper site cleaning.
    • The epinephrine tolerance test assesses the body's response to epinephrine.
    • There are five major types of proteins in blood, including albumin and globulins.
    • Collecting specimens too early or too late can lead to unreliable lab results.
    • Spinal fluid cultures help diagnose infections of the central nervous system.

    Liver and Insulin Function Tests

    • Dyes like bilirubin are used in liver function tests to assess hepatic health.
    • Insulin release tests evaluate the pancreas's ability to produce insulin.
    • Anticoagulants hinder coagulation, preventing blood from clotting.
    • Capillaries are small vessels that facilitate gas and nutrient exchange; they are not true about being under pressure or prone to vice versa.

    Endocrine and Other Investigations

    • Cholesterol testing evaluates lipid levels and cardiovascular health.
    • To assess endocrine function, specific hormone tests are performed.
    • Failed venipuncture can occur due to vein collapse or improper needle angle.
    • A puncture-resistant container is essential for disposing of sharps safely.
    • Gout diagnosis often relies on uric acid level tests in the blood.

    Heart Disease and Blood Characteristics

    • Coronary artery disease and atherosclerosis are identified through lipid panels and stress tests.
    • Lancets are designed for precise skin punctures with minimal discomfort.
    • Capillary punctures often use microcollection devices for small blood samples.
    • Characteristics of the capillary puncture technique include requiring less blood and reducing invasiveness.

    Patient Considerations and Safety

    • Optimal venipuncture sites include the antecubital fossa and forearm.
    • Special care is crucial when drawing blood from elderly patients due to fragile veins.
    • Alternative skin prep solutions should be used if alcohol is contraindicated.
    • Clotting process is known as coagulation, essential for hemostasis.
    • Plasma is the clear, yellow fluid that carries blood cells and proteins.

    Clinical Laboratory Testing

    • A reference point for lab tests serves as a standard for comparison (reference range).
    • Prolonged bleeding time may signal clotting disorders or platelet dysfunction.
    • The most common laboratory-acquired infection arises from handling blood specimens.
    • WBC represents the white blood cell count, an essential lab test for infections.
    • Hemoconcentration might be caused by dehydration or prolonged tourniquet application.
    • Factors such as intense exercise or stress can alter basal state test results.

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    Test your knowledge on the various sizes of needles and what they are used for. This quiz will challenge your understanding of needle measurements and the specific applications of different sizes. Perfect for those interested in sewing, knitting, or medical uses.

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