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Questions and Answers
What is a needle stick injury?
Who is at a higher risk of needle stick injury?
What is the main cause of needle stick injury?
What are the common infections associated with needle stick injuries?
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How can needle stick injuries be prevented?
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What is the recommended preventive measure after exposure to a pathogen to prevent infection?
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What action should be taken if the source is HIV positive according to the post-exposure prophylaxis guidelines?
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What should be done if the source is negative for HBsAG and the healthcare provider is unvaccinated according to the post-exposure prophylaxis guidelines?
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What is a key aspect of needle disposal to prevent nurse safety incidents?
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What action should be taken if the source refuses testing or is unknown according to the post-exposure prophylaxis guidelines?
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Study Notes
- Inconvenient disposal system: No puncture-proof containers for needle disposal, leading to accidents when needles are disposed of in trash or handled by waste management workers.
- Lack of motivation: Administrating injections and drawing blood can result in accidental self-injury due to patient movement during procedures, especially for children.
- Post-exposure prophylaxis: Preventive measures taken after exposure to a pathogen to prevent infection.
- Blood samples taken from source and exposed healthcare provider for testing.
- Hepatitis B:
- Source positive for HBsAG and healthcare provider unvaccinated: Vaccine series and HB immunoglobulin (HBIG) for the healthcare provider.
- Source positive for HBsAG and healthcare provider vaccinated: Testing for anti-HBs, revaccination if levels are lower than 10 iu/ml.
- Source negative for HBsAG and healthcare provider unvaccinated: Vaccination for the healthcare provider.
- Source negative for HBsAG and healthcare provider vaccinated: No further action.
- Source unknown or refuses testing and healthcare provider unvaccinated: HB series and HBIG for the healthcare provider.
- Hepatitis C: No vaccines available, so start testing for antibody to HCV, viral load (RNA levels), and liver enzyme activity (ALT), repeat testing 2-8 weeks later if infection is detected.
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV):
- Source is HIV positive: Testing for HIV infection immediately for the healthcare provider, repeat testing every 6 months.
- Source refuses testing or is unknown: Counseling and retesting every 6 weeks, 12 weeks, and 6 months.
- Source tested and found negative: Baseline testing and repeat testing 12 weeks later for the healthcare provider.
- Recapping: Needles should not be moved towards unprotected hands, use a one-handed scooping method, and maintain a safe distance from the needle.
- Prevention guidelines: Nurse safety incidents usually occur during needle disposal, use special containers for needles and sharps, wide-mouthed puncture containers, replace containers before they're completely filled.
- Employee training: Proper protocol for needle handling, safety protocol against infected patients, including using full barrier techniques, double masks, double gloves, and correct sterilization protocol.
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Description
Test your knowledge about needle stick injuries, including the risks, causes, management, post-exposure prophylaxis, and prevention methods. This quiz covers important information for individuals at risk of needle stick injuries, such as healthcare workers and laboratory staff.
