Necrotizing Periodontal Diseases Overview
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a main feature of necrotising periodontal diseases?

  • Development of calculus
  • Presence of dental caries
  • Tooth mobility without inflammation
  • Excessive bleeding from the gums (correct)

    • What is a common predisposing factor for necrotising periodontal diseases?

  • High intake of fresh fruits and vegetables
  • Good oral hygiene practices
  • Stress and immunosuppression (correct)
  • Regular dental check-ups

    • Which of the following symptoms is associated with necrotising ulcerative gingivitis (NUG)?

  • Tooth sensitivity to cold
  • Gingival hyperplasia
  • Foul odor from the mouth (correct)
  • Formation of dental plaque

    • What is a primary treatment approach for necrotising ulcerative gingivitis (NUG)?

    <p>Antibiotic therapy and thorough debridement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which psychological factor can negatively impact the management of necrotising periodontal diseases?

    <p>Anxiety and poor coping strategies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is most likely to lead to a diagnosis of Acute Necrotising Periodontitis in this patient?

    <p>Marked gingival ulceration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What additional medication was prescribed alongside the continuation of previous medications for managing the oral condition?

    <p>Metronidazole (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis (NUG) as highlighted in the conclusion?

    <p>It is often unforgettable once identified (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following features was observed in the patient during the clinical presentation?

    <p>Severe gingival inflammation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the finding of 'no peripheral CD4 count' indicate in this patient's clinical context?

    <p>Severe immunosuppression (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a predisposing factor for Necrotising Ulcerative Gingivitis (NUG)?

    <p>Excessive alcohol consumption (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinctive characteristic of NUG?

    <p>Presence of a pseudo-membrane (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between Necrotising Ulcerative Gingivitis (NUG) and Necrotising Ulcerative Periodontitis (NUP)?

    <p>NUP involves bone loss, while NUG does not. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment for the acute phase of NUG?

    <p>Debridement and mouthwashes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of metronidazole in the treatment of NUG?

    <p>It inhibits the growth of bacteria associated with NUG. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What bacterial species are commonly associated with NUG?

    <p>Spirochaetes and Fusobacterium. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Chlorhexidine in NUG treatment?

    <p>It possesses antibacterial activity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of untreated NUP?

    <p>Noma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is a compromised immune system mentioned as a predisposing factor for NUG?

    <p>It weakens the body's natural defense against infections. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term "debridement" refer to in relation to NUG treatment?

    <p>Removing necrotic tissue from the gingiva (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    HIV disease presentation

    Initial symptoms of HIV include developmental delay, TB, and candidosis.

    Acute Necrotizing Periodontitis (ANP)

    Severe gum disease with necrosis, commonly seen in immunocompromised patients.

    CD4 count significance

    A measure of immune function; low counts indicate weakened immune system.

    Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis (NUG)

    Distinctive gum infection occurring alongside other diseases; very recognizable.

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    Multi-drug resistant virus

    Virus that does not respond to standard HIV treatments, complicating care.

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    Necrotising Periodontal Diseases

    Infections causing tissue death in the gums and supporting structures.

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    Predisposing Factors

    Conditions increasing the risk of developing necrotising periodontal diseases.

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    Signs of Necrotising Ulcerative Gingivitis (NUG)

    Painful gums, ulcers, and possibly fetid breath indicating NUG.

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    Symptoms of NUG

    Symptoms include swollen, necrotic gingiva and bleeding.

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    Treatment for NUG

    Includes scaling, antibiotics, and oral hygiene education.

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    Signs of NUG

    Ulceration of papillae, formation of pseudo-membrane, pain, and halitosis.

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    Bacteria in NUG

    Spirochaetes like Borrelia vincenti and Fusobacterium are involved.

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    Predisposing Factors for NUG

    Factors include pre-existing gingivitis, poor oral hygiene, smoking, stress, and weak immune systems.

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    Necrotising Ulcerative Periodontitis (NUP)

    A serious condition with necrosis affecting periodontal ligament and alveolar bone.

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    Signs of NUP

    Lesions may extend beyond the gingival margin and involve gum junctions.

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    Necrotising Stomatitis

    Severe extension of necrosis beyond 10mm affecting mouth tissues.

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    Case Study: Gladys

    An example of a patient with connections to necrotising periodontal diseases.

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    Study Notes

    Necrotizing Periodontal Diseases

    • Necrotizing periodontal diseases (NPD) are a severe group of oral conditions characterized by tissue destruction.
    • NPD prevalence is low, yet crucial due to rapid tissue damage.
    • NPD is often associated with severe conditions in patients with dental biofilm.

    Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis (NUG)

    • NUG is an acute infection affecting the marginal gingiva.
    • NUG is characterized by white/grey slough of necrotic tissue.
    • Adjacent tissue exhibits redness and inflammation.
    • Necrotic areas start at papillae tips, forming punched-out ulcers.
    • Bacteria involved, like spirochaetes, Borrelia vincenti, and Fusobacterium, vary among patients and sites.

    Predisposing Factors for NPD

    • Pre-existing gingivitis
    • Poor oral hygiene (OH)
    • Smoking
    • Stress
    • Weakened immune system (e.g., in HIV patients)

    Signs and Symptoms of NUG

    • Ulceration of gingiva (especially papillae tips).
    • Formation of a pseudo-membrane (a thin film of dead tissue).
    • Pain
    • Strong, distinct bad breath (halitosis).

    Treatment of NUG

    • Debridement (removing dead tissue).
    • Appropriate mouthwashes (e.g., chlorhexidine, hydrogen peroxide).
    • Possible antibiotic therapy (e.g., metronidazole) for the acute phase.
    • Identifying and addressing predisposing factors to prevent recurrence.

    Necrotizing Ulcerative Periodontitis (NUP)

    • NUP is a potentially severe progression of NUG.
    • NUP is characterized by necrosis of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone.
    • NUP lesions are sometimes observed in patients using recreational drugs.
    • The condition can extend beyond 10mm past the gingival margins.
    • Certain forms of NPD, like Noma, can follow NUP in specific populations.

    Case Study: Gladys

    • Gladys, born in 1988, was diagnosed with necrotizing periodontitis in 2006.
    • Gladys was a young adult with a history of perinatally acquired HIV infection, with a variety of HIV-related diseases and a multi-drug-resistant virus.
    • Gladys exhibited various medical complications alongside her periodontal condition. (e.g., pulmonary TB, oral candidiasis).
    • Gladys had been suffering from worsening gum infection for several months before diagnosis.
    • Several treatments, including medications like HAART, were administered to manage her symptoms.

    Management of Gladys's Case

    • Medical team conducted a comprehensive evaluation including photographs.
    • Gladys's medication regimen was adjusted, including metronidazole.
    • Ointments and mouthwashes were prescribed.
    • Extensive debridement procedures were prioritized at a specific clinic.
    • Gladys's detailed condition was monitored during this process.

    Conclusion on NPD

    • NUG is easily recognized–“once seen and smelled it is never forgotten.”
    • NUG usually occurs on top of pre-existing oral disease.
    • Patients are prone to recurrence if oral hygiene is not maintained diligently.
    • NUP is a rare condition and requires specialized treatment.

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    Necrotising Periodontal Diseases PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the essential aspects of necrotizing periodontal diseases, focusing on necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG) and its signs, symptoms, and predisposing factors. Learn about the impacts of oral hygiene, stress, and immune status on these severe conditions. Test your knowledge on this critical area of dental health.

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