Bacterial skin infections
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Questions and Answers

What is the most commonly used oral antibiotic for treating bacterial folliculitis?

  • Ciprofloxacin
  • Flucloxacillin (correct)
  • Metronidazole
  • Amoxicillin

    • Which bacterium is usually responsible for causing bacterial folliculitis?

  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  • Escherichia coli
  • Streptococcus pyogenes
  • S.aureus (correct)

    • What is the characteristic clinical presentation of deeper follicular infections?

  • Rash and itching
  • Yellow discoloration of the skin
  • Abscess formation, mini boils, and furunculosis (correct)
  • Blister formation

    • What is the cause of Pseudofolliculitis?

    <p>Heavy emollients occluding follicular openings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by a foreign body reaction with inflammation in the beard area?

    <p>Pseudofolliculitis barbae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Pseudofolliculitis from bacterial folliculitis?

    <p>Sterile pustules at the same stage of development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of antiseptic is specifically mentioned as effective for treating cutaneous infections on the lower legs?

    <p>Potassium permanganate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential side effect of prolonged exposure to topical antibiotics?

    <p>Selection of resistant organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic is specifically recommended for the treatment of MRSA infections?

    <p>Tigecycline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of systemic antibiotics in the treatment of cutaneous bacterial infections?

    <p>To eradicate the infection from deeper layers of the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic is NOT listed as a treatment option for Staphylococcal infections in the given text?

    <p>Ceftazidime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of using topical antibiotics extensively without following proper guidelines?

    <p>Selection of resistant bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which infection is characterized by extensive non-painful ulceration usually on the limbs in children/young adults living in tropical humid areas?

    <p>Mycobacterium ulcerans infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which infection typically presents with a painless genital ulcer at the site of inoculation as a manifestation of primary syphilis?

    <p>Syphilis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which atypical mycobacterial infection is known as 'fish tank' or 'swimming pool granuloma' and primarily affects the hand or fingers?

    <p>Mycobacterium marinum infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which atypical mycobacterial infection does a single warty nodular lesion initially appear with subsequent sporotricoid spread along local lymphatics?

    <p>Mycobacterium marinum infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes patients with Bazin's disease to present with tender nodules and plaques that ulcerate and heal with scarring on the lower legs?

    <p>Erythema induratum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What bacterium causes syphilis and is transmitted through sexual intercourse, transplacental spread, and via unscreened blood transfusions?

    <p>Treponema pallidum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of infection is characterized by rapidly progressive mixed anaerobic and aerobic bacteria affecting the deep fascia?

    <p>Necrotizing fasciitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical initial symptom experienced by patients with necrotizing fasciitis?

    <p>Severe pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterial species is responsible for causing Staphylococcus scalded skin syndrome?

    <p>Staphylococcus aureus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the target of the exfoliative toxins A/B in Staphylococcus scalded skin syndrome?

    <p>Desmoglein 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which clinical sign is positive in Staphylococcus scalded skin syndrome that helps differentiate it from other skin conditions?

    <p>Nikolsky sign</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mortality rate for generalized Staphylococcus scalded skin syndrome?

    <p>4%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease is characterized by a widespread eruption of red-brown scaly patches and macules on the trunk and limbs, particularly palms and soles?

    <p>Secondary syphilis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common vector of Rocky Mountain spotted fever in the USA?

    <p>Dog tick</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease is characterized by patients presenting with high fever, headache, myalgia, and a petechial rash that appears on the palms and soles but may spread to the trunk within a week of the bite?

    <p>Rocky Mountain spotted fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment for Bacillary angiomatosis?

    <p>Erythromycin 500 mg qds for up to 12 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterium causes Cat-scratch disease?

    <p>Bartonella henselae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic method is usually used to confirm Bacillary angiomatosis?

    <p>Serology (indirect fluorescent assay or ELISA IgG)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of normal skin flora in preventing bacterial skin infections?

    <p>Competing with invading pathogenic micro-organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can a change in the micro-environment lead to pathogenic bacteria causing skin infections?

    <p>By weakening the host immune system or underlying skin disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what ways can patients acquire bacterial skin infections from the external environment?

    <p>By indirect contact with fomites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of history might indicate a potential source of bacterial skin infection?

    <p>Recall of an episode of trauma to the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one way patients may come into contact with potentially contaminated water according to the text?

    <p>Traveling abroad</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might some patients not have an obvious source of bacterial skin infection based on history taking alone?

    <p>Because some infections may not have a clear external source</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL) in Staphylococcus aureus infections?

    <p>It makes the bacteria highly virulent and transmissible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended method for identifying Staphylococcus aureus carriers with potential for recurrent infections?

    <p>Nasal swabs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should swabs be moistened before contact with infected skin surfaces?

    <p>To reduce the risk of contamination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of taking a skin biopsy in severe skin infections or suspected mycobacterial infections?

    <p>For culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In addition to bacteria identification, what other information can be obtained from microbiological testing?

    <p>Antibiotic resistance/sensitivity patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes skin infections caused by PVL-positive Staphylococcus aureus from those caused by other strains?

    <p>Recurrent boils not responding to short antibiotic courses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential side effect of prolonged exposure to topical antibiotics?

    <p>Contact dermatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic is NOT listed as a treatment option for Staphylococcal infections in the given text?

    <p>Ertapenem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Pseudofolliculitis from bacterial folliculitis?

    <p>Pattern of distribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease is characterized by a widespread eruption of red-brown scaly patches and macules on the trunk and limbs, particularly palms and soles?

    <p>Pityriasis rosea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of infection is characterized by rapidly progressive mixed anaerobic and aerobic bacteria affecting the deep fascia?

    <p>Necrotizing fasciitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes patients with Bazin's disease to present with tender nodules and plaques that ulcerate and heal with scarring on the lower legs?

    <p>Streptococcal infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic clinical presentation of deeper follicular infections according to the text?

    <p>Formation of abscesses, mini boils, and furunculosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterium is the primary cause of Hot-tub folliculitis as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinguishing factor between Pseudofolliculitis and bacterial folliculitis based on the text?

    <p>Sterile monomorphic pustules at the same stage of development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome when several furuncles coalesce in deeper follicular infections?

    <p>Development of a carbuncle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area on the body does Pseudofolliculitis barbae primarily affect according to the text?

    <p>Beard area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes Hot-tub folliculitis as described in the text?

    <p>Exposure to contaminated water or water accessories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe a type of skin infection caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans that leads to extensive non-painful ulceration mainly on the limbs?

    <p>Fish tank granuloma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the clinical feature of Bazin's disease that distinguishes it from other skin infections?

    <p>Tender nodules and plaques on lower legs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Mycobacterium marinum infection typically spread in the body?

    <p>Chain of nodules along local lymphatics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of mycobacterial infection associated with standing water do patients often experience painless ulcers on their limbs?

    <p>Mycobacterium ulcerans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of the increase in syphilis incidence according to the text?

    <p>Unprotected sexual intercourse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method is essential for determining if a patient with syphilis has a previous or current infection to guide management and contact tracing?

    <p>Serology</p> Signup and view all the answers

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