Bacterial skin infections

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Questions and Answers

What is the most commonly used oral antibiotic for treating bacterial folliculitis?

  • Ciprofloxacin
  • Flucloxacillin (correct)
  • Metronidazole
  • Amoxicillin

Which bacterium is usually responsible for causing bacterial folliculitis?

  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  • Escherichia coli
  • Streptococcus pyogenes
  • S.aureus (correct)

What is the characteristic clinical presentation of deeper follicular infections?

  • Rash and itching
  • Yellow discoloration of the skin
  • Abscess formation, mini boils, and furunculosis (correct)
  • Blister formation

What is the cause of Pseudofolliculitis?

<p>Heavy emollients occluding follicular openings (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by a foreign body reaction with inflammation in the beard area?

<p>Pseudofolliculitis barbae (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Pseudofolliculitis from bacterial folliculitis?

<p>Sterile pustules at the same stage of development (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of antiseptic is specifically mentioned as effective for treating cutaneous infections on the lower legs?

<p>Potassium permanganate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential side effect of prolonged exposure to topical antibiotics?

<p>Selection of resistant organisms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is specifically recommended for the treatment of MRSA infections?

<p>Tigecycline (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of systemic antibiotics in the treatment of cutaneous bacterial infections?

<p>To eradicate the infection from deeper layers of the skin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is NOT listed as a treatment option for Staphylococcal infections in the given text?

<p>Ceftazidime (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of using topical antibiotics extensively without following proper guidelines?

<p>Selection of resistant bacteria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which infection is characterized by extensive non-painful ulceration usually on the limbs in children/young adults living in tropical humid areas?

<p>Mycobacterium ulcerans infection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which infection typically presents with a painless genital ulcer at the site of inoculation as a manifestation of primary syphilis?

<p>Syphilis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which atypical mycobacterial infection is known as 'fish tank' or 'swimming pool granuloma' and primarily affects the hand or fingers?

<p>Mycobacterium marinum infection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which atypical mycobacterial infection does a single warty nodular lesion initially appear with subsequent sporotricoid spread along local lymphatics?

<p>Mycobacterium marinum infection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes patients with Bazin's disease to present with tender nodules and plaques that ulcerate and heal with scarring on the lower legs?

<p>Erythema induratum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What bacterium causes syphilis and is transmitted through sexual intercourse, transplacental spread, and via unscreened blood transfusions?

<p>Treponema pallidum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of infection is characterized by rapidly progressive mixed anaerobic and aerobic bacteria affecting the deep fascia?

<p>Necrotizing fasciitis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical initial symptom experienced by patients with necrotizing fasciitis?

<p>Severe pain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bacterial species is responsible for causing Staphylococcus scalded skin syndrome?

<p>Staphylococcus aureus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the target of the exfoliative toxins A/B in Staphylococcus scalded skin syndrome?

<p>Desmoglein 1 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which clinical sign is positive in Staphylococcus scalded skin syndrome that helps differentiate it from other skin conditions?

<p>Nikolsky sign (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mortality rate for generalized Staphylococcus scalded skin syndrome?

<p>4% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disease is characterized by a widespread eruption of red-brown scaly patches and macules on the trunk and limbs, particularly palms and soles?

<p>Secondary syphilis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common vector of Rocky Mountain spotted fever in the USA?

<p>Dog tick (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disease is characterized by patients presenting with high fever, headache, myalgia, and a petechial rash that appears on the palms and soles but may spread to the trunk within a week of the bite?

<p>Rocky Mountain spotted fever (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment for Bacillary angiomatosis?

<p>Erythromycin 500 mg qds for up to 12 weeks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bacterium causes Cat-scratch disease?

<p>Bartonella henselae (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic method is usually used to confirm Bacillary angiomatosis?

<p>Serology (indirect fluorescent assay or ELISA IgG) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of normal skin flora in preventing bacterial skin infections?

<p>Competing with invading pathogenic micro-organisms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can a change in the micro-environment lead to pathogenic bacteria causing skin infections?

<p>By weakening the host immune system or underlying skin disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what ways can patients acquire bacterial skin infections from the external environment?

<p>By indirect contact with fomites (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of history might indicate a potential source of bacterial skin infection?

<p>Recall of an episode of trauma to the skin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one way patients may come into contact with potentially contaminated water according to the text?

<p>Traveling abroad (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might some patients not have an obvious source of bacterial skin infection based on history taking alone?

<p>Because some infections may not have a clear external source (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL) in Staphylococcus aureus infections?

<p>It makes the bacteria highly virulent and transmissible (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended method for identifying Staphylococcus aureus carriers with potential for recurrent infections?

<p>Nasal swabs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should swabs be moistened before contact with infected skin surfaces?

<p>To reduce the risk of contamination (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of taking a skin biopsy in severe skin infections or suspected mycobacterial infections?

<p>For culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In addition to bacteria identification, what other information can be obtained from microbiological testing?

<p>Antibiotic resistance/sensitivity patterns (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes skin infections caused by PVL-positive Staphylococcus aureus from those caused by other strains?

<p>Recurrent boils not responding to short antibiotic courses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential side effect of prolonged exposure to topical antibiotics?

<p>Contact dermatitis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is NOT listed as a treatment option for Staphylococcal infections in the given text?

<p>Ertapenem (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Pseudofolliculitis from bacterial folliculitis?

<p>Pattern of distribution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disease is characterized by a widespread eruption of red-brown scaly patches and macules on the trunk and limbs, particularly palms and soles?

<p>Pityriasis rosea (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of infection is characterized by rapidly progressive mixed anaerobic and aerobic bacteria affecting the deep fascia?

<p>Necrotizing fasciitis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes patients with Bazin's disease to present with tender nodules and plaques that ulcerate and heal with scarring on the lower legs?

<p>Streptococcal infection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic clinical presentation of deeper follicular infections according to the text?

<p>Formation of abscesses, mini boils, and furunculosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bacterium is the primary cause of Hot-tub folliculitis as mentioned in the text?

<p>Pseudomonas aeruginosa (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinguishing factor between Pseudofolliculitis and bacterial folliculitis based on the text?

<p>Sterile monomorphic pustules at the same stage of development (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome when several furuncles coalesce in deeper follicular infections?

<p>Development of a carbuncle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which area on the body does Pseudofolliculitis barbae primarily affect according to the text?

<p>Beard area (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes Hot-tub folliculitis as described in the text?

<p>Exposure to contaminated water or water accessories (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe a type of skin infection caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans that leads to extensive non-painful ulceration mainly on the limbs?

<p>Fish tank granuloma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the clinical feature of Bazin's disease that distinguishes it from other skin infections?

<p>Tender nodules and plaques on lower legs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Mycobacterium marinum infection typically spread in the body?

<p>Chain of nodules along local lymphatics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of mycobacterial infection associated with standing water do patients often experience painless ulcers on their limbs?

<p>Mycobacterium ulcerans (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of the increase in syphilis incidence according to the text?

<p>Unprotected sexual intercourse (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What method is essential for determining if a patient with syphilis has a previous or current infection to guide management and contact tracing?

<p>Serology (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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