Near vs Far Transfer of Skills and Knowledge

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According to Bugelski, learning involves the acquisition of which of the following?

Knowledge, skills, habits, attitudes, and ideals (correct)

Musical talents only

Artistic creativity only

Physical strength and endurance

Which principle of learning suggests that learning occurs inside the learner and is activated by the learner?

Learning is an experience which occurs inside the learner and is activated by the learner (correct)

Learning (behavioral change) is a consequence of experience

Learning is the discovery of personal meaning and relevance of ideas

Cooperation fosters learning

What does Horne and Pine's principle of learning being an evolutionary process imply?

Learning only occurs through formal education

Learning has no connection to natural selection or evolution

Learning involves adapting to new information and environments (correct)

Learning is a static process that does not change over time

What is one of the richest resources for learning?

The learner himself Signup and view all the answers

What does self-efficacy refer to?

An individual's belief in their capacity to execute behaviors necessary to reach a goal Signup and view all the answers

According to the Self-determination theory, what do people need in order to be motivated to grow and change?

Autonomy, competence, and relatedness Signup and view all the answers

What affects motivation to perform according to the Expectancy-Value theory?

Expectation and value Signup and view all the answers

What does the Attribution Theory look at?

How people make sense of cause and effect inferences about behaviors Signup and view all the answers

What is critical for developing motivation and successful learning?

Learning how to deal with failure Signup and view all the answers

Which technique in motivating learners involves offering them opportunities to undertake challenges?

Challenging them Signup and view all the answers

What type of learning involves the assimilation of values, emotional reactions, and acquisition of attitudes?

Affective learning Signup and view all the answers

Which learning style prefers to learn by being creative and using imagination, and searching for alternative solutions to problems?

The Intuitive-Feeling or Self-Expressive Learner Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of education?

Relatively permanent change in behavior Signup and view all the answers

Which type of learning is concerned with the understanding of the external world through the senses and muscles?

Psychomotor learning Signup and view all the answers

What is the process referred to as 'the acquisition and development of memories and behaviors'?

The learning process Signup and view all the answers

Which type of learner prefers to learn by studying about ideas and how things are related?

The Intuitive-Thinking or Understanding Learner Signup and view all the answers

Which learning style prefers learning by seeing tangible results and knowing exactly what is expected?

The Sensing-Thinking or Master Learner Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of cognitive learning?

Development of ideas and concepts Signup and view all the answers

Which type of learner prefers to learn by studying about things directly affecting people’s lives?

The Sensing-Feeling or Interpersonal Learner Signup and view all the answers

Which type of learner prefers to learn by planning and carrying out a project of his own making?

The Intuitive-Thinking or Understanding Learner Signup and view all the answers

What is the underlying principle behind Learning by motivation?

Arousing individual attention and interest towards a definite goal Signup and view all the answers

What are the three simultaneous processes involved in Jerome Bruner's Instrumental Conceptualism Learning?

Acquisition, transformation, and evaluation Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of Bruner's model involves children representing and understanding using physical actions?

Enactive mode Signup and view all the answers

According to David Kolb's Experiential Learning Theory, what is 'Abstract Conceptualization'?

Concluding or learning from experience Signup and view all the answers

What does Merlin Wittrock's Generative Learning Theory aim to do with new information and knowledge already collected and stored?

Integrate it into a form that is easily remembered and accessed Signup and view all the answers

In the context of transfer of learning, what occurs when learning in one context positively improves performance in another?

Positive transfer Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of Bruner's model involves children using words and ideas to represent and understand the world around them?

Symbolic mode Signup and view all the answers

What type of learning is defined by David Kolb as 'the process whereby knowledge is created through the transformation of experience'?

Experiential learning Signup and view all the answers

In Merlin Wittrock's Generative Learning Theory, what does 'Elaboration' involve?

Connecting and adding new concepts to existing information Signup and view all the answers

According to the Generative Learning Theory, what is the primary goal of 'Recall'?

To encourage learners to learn content based on facts using acquired information Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Transfer of Learning' refer to?

Applying previously learned knowledge to new situations Signup and view all the answers

What is 'Active Experimentation' according to David Kolb's Experiential Learning Theory?

Planning or trying out what you have learned Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Negative Transfer' refer to in the context of transfer of learning?

Learning in one context negatively impacting performance in another Signup and view all the answers

What type of transfer tasks involve skills and knowledge being applied in changing situations?

Far transfer tasks Signup and view all the answers

Which type of transfer of skills and knowledge are applied the same way every time they are used?

Near transfer Signup and view all the answers

When does vertical transfer occur?

When a student masters simple grammatical rules Signup and view all the answers

In which theory of transfer of learning is the transfer facilitated by similar factors occurring in an earlier learning situation?

Identical elements theory Signup and view all the answers

What does the Gestalt theory of transfer state is best for achieving transfer of learning?

Being in the best frame of mind Signup and view all the answers

What is intrinsic motivation?

Motivation that originates from the student’s inner self Signup and view all the answers

Which type of motivation is longer lasting and more self-directive?

Intrinsic motivation Signup and view all the answers

What theory asserts that education is largely a matter of training or disciplining the mind with vigorous mental exercises in various subjects?

Mental discipline theory Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of relating new ideas or mental states to a store of old ones called?

Apperception Signup and view all the answers

What is the need or desire to do something referred to as?

Drive Theory Signup and view all the answers

Which type of motivation originates from the learning environment and comes from the expectation of punishment and reward?

External motivation Signup and view all the answers

What kind of motivation comes from finding pleasure in the activity itself?

Intrinsic motivation Signup and view all the answers

Which theory emphasizes the concept of imitation as a form of learning?

Social Cognitive Learning Theory Signup and view all the answers

What are the four separate processes involved in observational learning according to the text?

Attention, retention, production, motivation Signup and view all the answers

According to David Ausubel’s Meaningful Reception Theory, what does the learning of new knowledge rely on?

What is already known Signup and view all the answers

Which process by which meaningful learning occurs involves the accommodation of new information by changing or expanding the concept?

Correlative Subsumption Signup and view all the answers

What is Wolfgang Kohler’s Insight Theory focused on?

Insightful problem solving Signup and view all the answers

What does Gestalt Theory emphasize about the whole of anything?

The whole is greater than the sum of its parts Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the laws of organization according to Gestalt Theory?

Proximity Signup and view all the answers

According to Social Cognitive Learning Theory, what process is influenced by characteristics of the model?

Attention Signup and view all the answers

What does David Ausubel’s Meaningful Reception Theory focus on?

Meaningful learning Signup and view all the answers

Which theory views learning as a change in knowledge, skills, attitudes, values, or beliefs?

Gestalt Theory Signup and view all the answers

According to Gestalt Theory, teachers should encourage their students to do what in order to promote learning?

Discover relationships of problem elements Signup and view all the answers

What type of learning is emphasized by Wolfgang Kohler’s Insight Theory?

Insightful problem solving Signup and view all the answers

Which type of learners prefer to learn by listening?

Auditory learners Signup and view all the answers

Which type of learners prefer print materials and visual cues?

Visual learners Signup and view all the answers

Which type of learners like to manipulate objects during learning?

Tactile learners Signup and view all the answers

Who proposed the Cumulative Learning Theory which emphasizes mastering each step before progressing to the next?

Robert Gagne Signup and view all the answers

According to the Thorndike Theory of Learning, how are connections formed between stimulus and response?

Through trial and error Signup and view all the answers

Which law of learning states that exercise, practice, or repetition strengthens the bonds between stimulus and response?

Law of Exercise Signup and view all the answers

Who proposed the Social Cognitive Learning Theory?

Albert Bandura Signup and view all the answers

In Gagne's Hierarchy of Learning, what is the simplest form of learning known as?

Signal Learning Signup and view all the answers

Which theory of learning emphasizes learning through selecting and connecting?

Thorndike Theory of Learning Signup and view all the answers

In Thorndike's Law of Effect, what happens if a response is followed by an annoying state of affairs?

The strength of the connection is decreased Signup and view all the answers

'Chain Learning' occurs when the learner may combine or chain two or more responses to develop a more complex response. What type of learning does this represent?

Chain Learning Signup and view all the answers

Which type of learners prefers learning through experiential activities?

Kinesthetic learners Signup and view all the answers