Near vs Far Transfer of Skills and Knowledge

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Questions and Answers

According to Bugelski, learning involves the acquisition of which of the following?

  • Knowledge, skills, habits, attitudes, and ideals (correct)
  • Musical talents only
  • Artistic creativity only
  • Physical strength and endurance

Which principle of learning suggests that learning occurs inside the learner and is activated by the learner?

  • Learning is an experience which occurs inside the learner and is activated by the learner (correct)
  • Learning (behavioral change) is a consequence of experience
  • Learning is the discovery of personal meaning and relevance of ideas
  • Cooperation fosters learning

What does Horne and Pine's principle of learning being an evolutionary process imply?

  • Learning only occurs through formal education
  • Learning has no connection to natural selection or evolution
  • Learning involves adapting to new information and environments (correct)
  • Learning is a static process that does not change over time

What is one of the richest resources for learning?

<p>The learner himself (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does self-efficacy refer to?

<p>An individual's belief in their capacity to execute behaviors necessary to reach a goal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Self-determination theory, what do people need in order to be motivated to grow and change?

<p>Autonomy, competence, and relatedness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What affects motivation to perform according to the Expectancy-Value theory?

<p>Expectation and value (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Attribution Theory look at?

<p>How people make sense of cause and effect inferences about behaviors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is critical for developing motivation and successful learning?

<p>Learning how to deal with failure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which technique in motivating learners involves offering them opportunities to undertake challenges?

<p>Challenging them (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of learning involves the assimilation of values, emotional reactions, and acquisition of attitudes?

<p>Affective learning (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which learning style prefers to learn by being creative and using imagination, and searching for alternative solutions to problems?

<p>The Intuitive-Feeling or Self-Expressive Learner (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of education?

<p>Relatively permanent change in behavior (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of learning is concerned with the understanding of the external world through the senses and muscles?

<p>Psychomotor learning (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process referred to as 'the acquisition and development of memories and behaviors'?

<p>The learning process (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of learner prefers to learn by studying about ideas and how things are related?

<p>The Intuitive-Thinking or Understanding Learner (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which learning style prefers learning by seeing tangible results and knowing exactly what is expected?

<p>The Sensing-Thinking or Master Learner (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of cognitive learning?

<p>Development of ideas and concepts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of learner prefers to learn by studying about things directly affecting people’s lives?

<p>The Sensing-Feeling or Interpersonal Learner (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of learner prefers to learn by planning and carrying out a project of his own making?

<p>The Intuitive-Thinking or Understanding Learner (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the underlying principle behind Learning by motivation?

<p>Arousing individual attention and interest towards a definite goal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three simultaneous processes involved in Jerome Bruner's Instrumental Conceptualism Learning?

<p>Acquisition, transformation, and evaluation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of Bruner's model involves children representing and understanding using physical actions?

<p>Enactive mode (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to David Kolb's Experiential Learning Theory, what is 'Abstract Conceptualization'?

<p>Concluding or learning from experience (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Merlin Wittrock's Generative Learning Theory aim to do with new information and knowledge already collected and stored?

<p>Integrate it into a form that is easily remembered and accessed (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of transfer of learning, what occurs when learning in one context positively improves performance in another?

<p>Positive transfer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of Bruner's model involves children using words and ideas to represent and understand the world around them?

<p>Symbolic mode (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of learning is defined by David Kolb as 'the process whereby knowledge is created through the transformation of experience'?

<p>Experiential learning (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Merlin Wittrock's Generative Learning Theory, what does 'Elaboration' involve?

<p>Connecting and adding new concepts to existing information (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Generative Learning Theory, what is the primary goal of 'Recall'?

<p>To encourage learners to learn content based on facts using acquired information (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Transfer of Learning' refer to?

<p>Applying previously learned knowledge to new situations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 'Active Experimentation' according to David Kolb's Experiential Learning Theory?

<p>Planning or trying out what you have learned (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Negative Transfer' refer to in the context of transfer of learning?

<p>Learning in one context negatively impacting performance in another (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of transfer tasks involve skills and knowledge being applied in changing situations?

<p>Far transfer tasks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of transfer of skills and knowledge are applied the same way every time they are used?

<p>Near transfer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does vertical transfer occur?

<p>When a student masters simple grammatical rules (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which theory of transfer of learning is the transfer facilitated by similar factors occurring in an earlier learning situation?

<p>Identical elements theory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Gestalt theory of transfer state is best for achieving transfer of learning?

<p>Being in the best frame of mind (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is intrinsic motivation?

<p>Motivation that originates from the student’s inner self (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of motivation is longer lasting and more self-directive?

<p>Intrinsic motivation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What theory asserts that education is largely a matter of training or disciplining the mind with vigorous mental exercises in various subjects?

<p>Mental discipline theory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of relating new ideas or mental states to a store of old ones called?

<p>Apperception (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the need or desire to do something referred to as?

<p>Drive Theory (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of motivation originates from the learning environment and comes from the expectation of punishment and reward?

<p>External motivation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of motivation comes from finding pleasure in the activity itself?

<p>Intrinsic motivation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theory emphasizes the concept of imitation as a form of learning?

<p>Social Cognitive Learning Theory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four separate processes involved in observational learning according to the text?

<p>Attention, retention, production, motivation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to David Ausubel’s Meaningful Reception Theory, what does the learning of new knowledge rely on?

<p>What is already known (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process by which meaningful learning occurs involves the accommodation of new information by changing or expanding the concept?

<p>Correlative Subsumption (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Wolfgang Kohler’s Insight Theory focused on?

<p>Insightful problem solving (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Gestalt Theory emphasize about the whole of anything?

<p>The whole is greater than the sum of its parts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the laws of organization according to Gestalt Theory?

<p>Proximity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Social Cognitive Learning Theory, what process is influenced by characteristics of the model?

<p>Attention (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does David Ausubel’s Meaningful Reception Theory focus on?

<p>Meaningful learning (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theory views learning as a change in knowledge, skills, attitudes, values, or beliefs?

<p>Gestalt Theory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Gestalt Theory, teachers should encourage their students to do what in order to promote learning?

<p>Discover relationships of problem elements (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of learning is emphasized by Wolfgang Kohler’s Insight Theory?

<p>Insightful problem solving (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of learners prefer to learn by listening?

<p>Auditory learners (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of learners prefer print materials and visual cues?

<p>Visual learners (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of learners like to manipulate objects during learning?

<p>Tactile learners (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who proposed the Cumulative Learning Theory which emphasizes mastering each step before progressing to the next?

<p>Robert Gagne (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Thorndike Theory of Learning, how are connections formed between stimulus and response?

<p>Through trial and error (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which law of learning states that exercise, practice, or repetition strengthens the bonds between stimulus and response?

<p>Law of Exercise (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who proposed the Social Cognitive Learning Theory?

<p>Albert Bandura (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Gagne's Hierarchy of Learning, what is the simplest form of learning known as?

<p>Signal Learning (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theory of learning emphasizes learning through selecting and connecting?

<p>Thorndike Theory of Learning (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Thorndike's Law of Effect, what happens if a response is followed by an annoying state of affairs?

<p>The strength of the connection is decreased (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Chain Learning' occurs when the learner may combine or chain two or more responses to develop a more complex response. What type of learning does this represent?

<p>Chain Learning (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of learners prefers learning through experiential activities?

<p>Kinesthetic learners (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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