NCMA215: Dietary Modifications Lesson 8

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following diets is used for 24-48 hours following acute vomiting?

Full Liquid Diet

Mechanical Soft Diet

Clear Liquid Diet

Cold Liquid Diet (correct)

What does a Full Liquid Diet consist of?

Nutritionally adequate diet consisting of fluids and foods that liquefy at body temperature.

A Soft Diet is suitable for individuals who cannot tolerate rich and heavy foods.

True

Which diet is characterized by having a low fiber content?

Low Residue Diet Signup and view all the answers

What is a Mechanical Soft Diet?

A dental soft or mechanically altered diet that includes soft foods that are easy to chew. Signup and view all the answers

The _____ diet is used for patients following tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy.

Cold Liquid Signup and view all the answers

Match the following diets with their descriptions:

Vegan Diet = Total vegetarian diet, plant origin Lacto-vegetarian = Includes milk and milk products Paleo Diet = Focuses on whole foods, excluding processed items Ketogenic Diet = High-fat, low-carbohydrate diet Signup and view all the answers

A Therapeutic Diet is only formulated by dietitians.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is a Low Protein Diet used for?

To manage conditions like kidney or liver disease. Signup and view all the answers

A High Calorie Diet is often used for patients dealing with malnutrition.

True Signup and view all the answers

What type of fatty acids are recommended to decrease plasma cholesterol levels?

Both Omega-6 and Omega-3 Signup and view all the answers

Gastroesophageal reflux disease occurs immediately after a meal.

False Signup and view all the answers

What type of diet is recommended for managing congestive heart failure?

Sodium-restricted diet Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary dietary restriction for patients with cholecystitis?

Low-fat diet Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended caloric intake for patients with fever?

2,500 to 4,000 calories per day Signup and view all the answers

Which food components are particularly restricted in the diet therapy for hepatitis?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Nutrition therapy for HIV/AIDS includes energy of _______ kcal/kg BW.

35-45 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a component of the Health Belief Model?

Individual perceptions Signup and view all the answers

The Theory of Reasoned Action states that behavior is determined solely by external factors.

False Signup and view all the answers

Match the dietary recommendations to their respective conditions:

Congestive Heart Failure = Restrict sodium Hepatitis = Avoid caffeine, sodium, and cholesterol Cholecystitis = Low-fat diet HIV/AIDS = Increase energy and protein intake Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step of the Iowa Model of Evidence-Based Practice?

Identification of the nursing problem Signup and view all the answers

What does EBP stand for?

Evidence-Based Practice Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the National Nutrition Council created under Presidential Decree No. 491?

To serve as the country's policy-making and coordinating body on nutrition Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Republic Act No. 7600?

To promote breastfeeding practices Signup and view all the answers

Which act mandates the integration of nutrition education in the school curriculum?

LOI 441 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following acts is known as the Consumer Act of the Philippines?

Republic Act 7394 Signup and view all the answers

What month was designated as Nutrition Month in the Philippines?

July Signup and view all the answers

Manufacturers are allowed to give samples of products to hospitals and health institutions.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Republic Act 8172, also known as the ASIN Law?

To require salt iodization nationwide Signup and view all the answers

The Consumer Act of the Philippines aims to provide additional protection for the weak and those unable to take care of themselves.

True Signup and view all the answers

Match the following Republic Acts with their corresponding purposes:

Republic Act 8976 = Food Fortification Act, to prevent nutritional deficiency Republic Act 10028 = Expanded Breastfeeding Promotion Act, to enhance breastfeeding practices Republic Act 10611 = Food Safety Act, to ensure food safety and consumer protection Republic Act 11148 = Kalusugan at Nutrisyon ng Mag-Nanay Act, to improve maternal and child health nutrition Signup and view all the answers

Executive Order 51 is related to the marketing code of breastmilk substitutes.

True Signup and view all the answers

The act for Salt Iodization Nationwide is also known as the _____ Law.

ASIN Signup and view all the answers

What does the acronym NCC stand for?

National Nutrition Council Signup and view all the answers

The Rooming-in and Breastfeeding Act is represented by __________.

Republic Act 7600 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a consumer right?

Right to financial gain Signup and view all the answers

Which Republic Act was signed to protect consumers against deceptive sales acts?

Republic Act 7394 Signup and view all the answers

What is the main objective of the Food Fortification Act?

To combat micronutrient malnutrition Signup and view all the answers

What is required by the Food Fortification Act for rice?

Fortification with Iron Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a low-purine diet?

To limit and monitor purine intake Signup and view all the answers

A low-sodium diet allows for up to 3,000mg of sodium per day.

True Signup and view all the answers

What foods are included in the BRAT diet?

Banana, Rice, Apple, Toast Signup and view all the answers

What type of diet is used for patients with liver disorders?

Butterball Diet Signup and view all the answers

What does the DASH Diet stand for?

Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Signup and view all the answers

Which diet is high in fat and low in carbohydrates?

Ketogenic Diet Signup and view all the answers

The Monotropic Diet involves eating a variety of foods.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is a symptom of high potassium levels?

Irregular heartbeats, confusion, heart attack Signup and view all the answers

The __________ diet includes no more than 1,500 to 2,400 mgs of sodium per day.

Low Sodium Signup and view all the answers

Match the following diets with their purposes:

Low-Potassium Diet = Recommended for those with kidney problems Elemental Diet = Medical liquid-only diet Paleo Diet = Includes meat, fish, and vegetables DASH Diet = Designed to stop hypertension Signup and view all the answers

The Elemental Diet consists of solid foods.

False Signup and view all the answers

Which department issues regulations for food fortification?

Department of Health (DOH) Signup and view all the answers

Which act strengthens the regulatory capacity of the Bureau of Food and Drugs?

Republic Act 9711 Signup and view all the answers

The FDA was renamed from the Bureau of Food and Drugs.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of the Food Safety Act?

To implement a farm to fork food safety regulatory system. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Expanded Breastfeeding Promotion Act aim to do?

Expand breastfeeding promotion in the workplace Signup and view all the answers

The Department of Trade and Industry assists manufacturers in upgrading their __________.

technologies Signup and view all the answers

What is one objective of the FDA according to the Food Safety Act?

To protect the public from food-borne illnesses. Signup and view all the answers

Which organization assists manufacturers by providing preferential loans?

Land Bank of the Philippines Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Dietary Modifications and Dietary Therapy

General diets consist of various types of meals tailored for different medical needs.
Clear Liquid Diet: Composed of liquids without residue or fibers, suitable for hydration and digestive recovery.
Full Liquid Diet: Nutritionally adequate diet of fluids; ideal for patients with difficulty chewing or swallowing.
Cold Liquid (Yin diet): Typically used for short duration post-acute illnesses like tonsillectomy.
Soft Diet: Aimed at patients recovering from vomiting or diarrhea, consisting of easily digestible foods.
Mechanical Soft Diet: Foods are well-cooked and minced, designed for those who struggle with chewing.
Regular Diet: Commonly prescribed hospital diet, providing a balanced intake of nutrients.
Vegetarian Diet: Low in saturated fat, but may lack essential nutrients like vitamin B12 and calcium.

Types of Dietary Modifications

Low-Calorie Diet: Reduces total calorie intake, often supervised by healthcare professionals for weight management.
Very Low-Calorie Diet (VLCD): Intakes 800 calories or fewer daily, usually short-term and medically supervised.
High-Calorie Diet: Exceeds 3500-4000 calories per day, beneficial for weight gain in certain medical conditions.
Low Protein Diet: Prescribed for individuals with kidney or liver disease to minimize strain on these organs.
Low Sodium Diet: Limits sodium intake from 1500 mg to 2400 mg, vital for heart health and managing hypertension.
Low Potassium Diet: Restricts potassium intake, important for heart and muscle function, often prescribed to certain patients.
Low Purine Diet: Restricts foods high in purines to manage gout and uric acid levels in the blood.

Specific Therapeutic Diets

Many diets are tailored for specific health conditions, such as:
- Acute Glomerulonephritis: Low sodium, low protein.
- Diabetes Mellitus: Well-balanced nutrition focusing on glucose control.
- Cushing’s Disease: High potassium and low sodium intake.
- Congestive Heart Failure: Lower sodium and cholesterol to manage symptoms.
- Hyperthyroidism: High-calorie, high-protein to compensate for increased metabolism.

Consistency and Composition in Diets

Modified Consistency Diet: Involves liquid and pureed food suitable for those with swallowing issues.
High Fiber Diet: Aims to relieve constipation by adding bulk to waste.
Low Residue Diet: Reduces fiber intake for patients with digestive issues like Crohn's disease.
High-Calorie Diets: Serve to support those with increased energy demands due to illness or surgery recovery.

Important Notes on Sodium and Potassium Restrictions

Sodium Restrictions: Levels vary from mild (3000 mg) to very strict (500 mg), tailored based on a patient's health status.
Potassium Management: Necessary for individuals with renal concerns, focusing on maintaining balanced levels.

Vegetarian Diet Variants

Vegan: Strictly plant-based with no animal products.
Lacto-vegetarian: Includes dairy products in a plant-based diet.
Ovo-vegetarian: Incorporates eggs while remaining plant-focused.
Lacto-ovo-vegetarian: Combines eggs and dairy into the vegetarian diet.
Pesco-vegetarian: Includes fish alongside plant-based foods.

These dietary modifications and therapeutic diets play a crucial role in managing various health conditions and ensuring nutritional adequacy while addressing specific medical needs.### Nutritional Considerations for Diseases and Diets

Spare Protein: Found in whole grains, vegetables, milk, fruits, peas, and dried beans; recommended for chronic renal failure patients.
Low Potassium Diet: Essential for individuals with kidney issues to prevent excess potassium in the blood, which can lead to serious complications like heart attacks.

Dietary Plans

Giordano-Giovannetti Diet: Low-protein, low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet with controlled potassium and sodium intake; used for chronic renal insufficiency and liver failure.
Kosher Diet: Follows dietary laws for Orthodox Jews; prohibits serving meat and milk together.
Tyramine Rich Diet: Prevents hypertensive crises in patients taking MAOI antidepressants by avoiding foods like avocados, bananas, canned, processed, smoked, aged, and fermented foods.

Popular Diets

South Beach Diet: Created by Dr. Arthur Agatston focusing on selecting the right carbohydrates and fats rather than cutting them out completely.
Monotropic Diet: Involves eating only one type of food for a period to achieve weight reduction.

Special Diets for Health Conditions

DASH Diet: Advocates high consumption of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy; restricts red meat, sugars, and fats to combat hypertension.
Elemental Diet: A medical diet consisting solely of liquid nutrients, facilitating easier ingestion.
Ketogenic Diet: High-fat, low-carbohydrate diet that converts body fat into energy, often used to treat epilepsy.
Paleo Diet: Focuses on whole foods including meat, fish, eggs, seeds, nuts, fruits, veggies, while avoiding processed foods, grains, and sugars.

Specific Dietary Needs

Pureed Diet: Recommended for patients with difficulty chewing or swallowing; food is blended to a smooth consistency.

Modified Diets

Clear Liquid Diet: For patients experiencing vomiting or diarrhea; includes tea, coffee, and fat-free broth; short-term use (24-48 hours).
Full Liquid Diet: Used for acute infections; includes liquid food items that liquefy at body temperature.
Soft Diet: Features reduced fiber content, bland flavor, and soft consistency, beneficial post-surgery or during GI disturbances.

Nutrition Therapy Overview

Obesity Management: Body Mass Index (BMI) categorization; weight control through a balanced low-calorie diet and increased physical activity.
Diabetes Mellitus: Dietary control focuses on insulin management; careful distribution of carbohydrates to prevent hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia.

Tray Service Essentials

Utilizes trays instead of dining tables; ensures cleanliness, attractive arrangement, suitable portions, and timely meal service for patients.

Gastrointestinal and Liver Health

Therapeutic Diets: Designed to alleviate symptoms, correct deficiencies, and cater to patient-specific disease needs; e.g., bland diets for peptic ulcers and gluten-free diets for celiac disease.
Cholecystitis Management: Low-fat diets to limit gallbladder stimulation; avoid high-residue foods.

Kidney Disease Management

Nephrotic Syndrome: Requires high-calorie, high-protein diets due to significant protein losses.
Acute Renal Failure: Involves high-calorie diets with low to moderate protein and moderate fat to manage the condition effectively.### Nutritional Management in Medical Conditions
Adequate caloric intake is crucial to prevent tissue breakdown in patients.
Foods high in fat, such as butter and margarine, should be excluded; alternatives include low-calorie, fat-free dressings like lemon juice and vinegar.
Potassium and sodium intake are carefully controlled based on the patient’s ability to excrete them.
Daily water intake is restricted to one liter and monitored closely.

Dietary Considerations for Specific Conditions

Pancreatitis:
- Usually requires a low-fat, low-calorie diet.
- NPO status (nothing by mouth) may be enforced during acute attacks for up to 48 hours.
- Chronic cases may follow a high-calorie, moderate-protein diet.
Renal Calculi:
- Increased fluid intake is vital to dilute urine and prevent stone concentration.
- Diet varies based on the type of stone present.
- Calcium Oxalate Stones: Low intake of calcium, phosphate, and oxalate; adjustments made based on dietary needs.
- Uric Acid Stones: Low purine diet with limited protein; focus on milk and fruit while minimizing bread.
- Cystine Stones: High fluid intake is necessary; controlled consumption of meats, milk, eggs, and cheese.

Nutritional Therapy for Cancers

Characterized by uncontrolled cell replication; proper nutrition is essential.
Oral nutrition should be high in calories and protein.
Enteral feedings may consist of complete or chemically defined products if needed, with total parenteral nutrition as an option for non-functioning digestive systems.

HIV/AIDS Nutritional Management

Energy intake recommended between 35-45 kcal/kg BW, and protein between 2-2.5 g/kg BW.
Fats should be from omega-3 sources; limit saturated fats.
Increased vitamins and minerals are often necessary due to altered metabolism.

Behavioral Models in Nutrition Education

Health Belief Model (HBM):
- Relies on the understanding of patients' perceptions of health issues and their willingness to change.
Self-Efficacy Theory:
- Focuses on an individual’s belief in their ability to perform specific behaviors necessary for change.
Stages of Change Model (Prochaska & DiClemente):
- Describes six stages: Precontemplation, Contemplation, Preparation, Action, Maintenance, Termination; useful for guiding client behavior change.

Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) in Nutrition

EBP uses the best current evidence in making decisions about patient care, combining clinical expertise and patient values.
Steps include identifying problems, involving a team, evaluating relevant literature, and critiquing findings for application in clinical practice.
Hierarchies of evidence inform the strength and reliability of studies, ranging from meta-analyses and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to expert opinions.

Legal Mandates in Nutrition and Diet Therapy in the Philippines

Presidential Decree No. 491 (1974): Establishes the Nutrition Act, focusing on the nutritional status improvement of vulnerable populations.
Executive Order 51 (1986): National Code for Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes to regulate nutrition during early childhood.
Republic Act 7394 (1992): Consumer Act ensures consumer protection in nutrition-related products.
Republic Act 7600 (1992): The Rooming-in and Breastfeeding Act promotes breastfeeding practices.
Republic Act 8172 (1995): Act for Salt Iodization (ASIN Law) aims to improve iodine intake across the population.
Republic Act 8976 (2000): Food Fortification Act enhances the nutritional quality of processed foods.

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This quiz covers Lesson 8 of NCMA215, focusing on dietary modifications and dietary therapy. It includes details about general diets, specifically the clear liquid diet and its applications. Prepare to test your knowledge on essential nutrition concepts relevant to patient care.