NCMA 121: Health Assessment of the Head and Neck Midterms
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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of the uvula?

  • Assists in converting starch to maltose
  • Secrete saliva containing amylase
  • Helps in digestion
  • Prevents food from entering nasal passages (correct)

    • Which salivary gland produces saliva that contains amylase?

  • Parotid gland (correct)
  • Submandibular gland
  • Sublingual gland
  • Non-existent gland

    • Why is saliva important for taste perception?

  • It converts proteins to amino acids
  • In the absence of saliva, taste perception is diminished (correct)
  • It helps maintain oral hygiene
  • It prevents malnutrition

    • What could cyanotic lips in a baby indicate?

    <p>Congenital heart disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition may cause Cheilosis characterized by fissures at corners of lips?

    <p>Deficiency of Vitamin C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could be a consequence of prolonged N.P.O. (nil per os) in relation to oral health?

    <p>Cavities and dental decay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is indicated by a cardiac rate greater than 100 bpm?

    <p>Supraventricular tachycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential cause of a large diffuse epigastric pulsation?

    <p>Abdominal aortic aneurysm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can ventricular enlargement be detected in a patient?

    <p>Cardiac rate &gt;100 bpm with patient in left lateral recumbent position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential cause of a sustained pulsation in the cardiac region?

    <p>Hypertrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should a client hold their breath during neck auscultation?

    <p>To assess for bruits in the carotid artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might be the cause of accentuated pulsation in the aortic area?

    <p>Hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe the normal condition of the head in terms of size and shape?

    <p>Normocephalic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following facial movements is considered a deviation from normal?

    <p>Drooping of lower eyelid and mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an inconsistently large head size in an adolescent or adult potentially indicate?

    <p>Acromegaly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what situation might an abnormal increase in head size in a young child indicate hydrocephalus?

    <p>Bulging bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physical characteristic is associated with Acromegaly?

    <p>Enlargement of the hands, head, jaw, and nose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be noted as a sign of a potential central nervous system problem or peripheral nerve problem during a head assessment?

    <p>Involuntary facial movements or jerking while holding the head still</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of breasts during the reproductive years?

    <p>To synthesize, secrete, and eject milk for nourishment and protection of neonates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a normal characteristic of male breasts?

    <p>Enlargement of breast tissue in adolescent males known as gynecomastia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might asymmetric venous patterns in breast veins indicate?

    <p>Possible malignancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a deviation from normal when evaluating the breasts?

    <p>Smooth texture with linear stretch marks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What general approach should be followed before conducting a breast assessment?

    <p>Be non-judgmental and supportive in your approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended sequence for performing breast palpation?

    <p>Ensure to palpate every square inch from nipple to periphery and up into the tail of Spence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When assessing for nipple discharge, what is a normal characteristic?

    <p>Milky discharge is usually normal only during lactation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common type of permanent hearing loss?

    <p>Sensorineural hearing loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During conductive hearing loss, where is sound typically lateralized?

    <p>To the poor ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may cause a ratio of bone conduction (BC) to air conduction (AC) that is equal or greater than AC in conductive hearing loss?

    <p>Fluid in the middle ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of hearing loss is there often a limited perception of sound due to nerve damage in one ear?

    <p>Sensorineural hearing loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of hearing loss typically affects a client's ability to hear faint sounds or even loud sounds but may be muffled?

    <p>Sensorineural hearing loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Rinne test?

    <p>Comparison of air and bone conduction sounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a negative Romberg test suggest about a client's balance?

    <p>Inner ear disorder may be present</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of Romberg's test?

    <p>Test equilibrium and inner ear function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might cause a unilateral hearing deficit?

    <p>Fluid in the middle ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where should the vibrating tuning fork be placed first during a Rinne test?

    <p>On the mastoid process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Health Assessment: Head and Neck

    Assessment of the Head

    • Normal head size and shape:
      • Round and of normal size (normocephalic)
      • Symmetric, round, erect, and in midline
      • Proportionate to body size
      • No lesions or cuts visible
    • Deviations from normal:
      • Disproportionate
      • Asymmetric parietal and temporal prominences
      • Increased head circumference
      • Square head
      • Bulging or depressed bone
      • Abnormal increase in head size in young children (may indicate hydrocephalus)
      • Inconsistently large head size in adolescents or adults (may indicate acromegaly)

    Facial Features

    • Normal facial features:
      • Symmetric
      • Eyebrow hair equally distributed
      • Palpebral fissures equal in size
    • Deviations from normal:
      • Asymmetric features
      • Increased facial hair
      • Thinning of eyebrows
      • Exophthalmos
      • Moon face

    Assessment of the Face

    • Normal facial movements:
      • Symmetric facial movements
      • Raise or lower both eyebrows
      • Blink both eyes
      • Close both eyes tightly
      • Smile and show teeth
      • Frown
      • Puff the cheeks
    • Deviations from normal:
      • Asymmetric facial movements
      • Drooping of lower eyelid and mouth
      • Involuntary facial movements (may indicate central nervous system or peripheral nerve problems)

    Head and Neck Assessment

    • Focuses on the cranium, face, thyroid gland, and lymph nodes contained within the head and neck
    • Assessment of the head:
      • Cranium (skull) can be divided into subsections (occipital, parietal, and frontal bones)

    Breast Assessment

    • General approach:
      • Preparation (patient preparation, nurse preparation, and explanation of the procedure)
      • Positioning (patient positioning to assess for retraction and dimpling)
      • Inspection (color, size, and symmetry)
      • Palpation (use of finger pads to assess for lumps, masses, or nodules)
    • Normal findings:
      • Flesh-colored breast and axilla
      • No thickening or edema
      • No lesions or masses
      • No nipple discharge
      • Normal superficial vascular patterns
    • Deviations from normal:
      • Redness associated with inflammation
      • Peau d'orange pigskin-like appearance due to edema
      • Asymmetric venous pattern
      • Thickening or edema
      • Retracted nipple or breast tissue
      • Dimpling
      • Lesions or masses
      • Nipple discharge

    Assessment of Male Breast

    • Done essentially in the same manner as that of the female breast
    • Every month, inspect for any changes or abnormalities

    Assessment of Heart and Neck Vessels

    • Inspection of the neck:
      • Jugular veins
      • Carotid arteries
      • Palpation of the neck (cervical lymph nodes)
    • Normal findings:
      • No thrills
      • No palpable lifts or heaves
      • No pulses felt on the fingertips
    • Deviations from normal:
      • Thrills (murmur)
      • Palpable lifts or heaves (right ventricular hypertrophy)
      • Pulses felt on the fingertips (right ventricular hypertrophy)

    Assessment of the Mouth and Throat

    • Inspection of the lips:
      • Normal color, condition, and symmetry
      • No lesions or odor
    • Deviations from normal:
      • Asymmetry
      • Congenital deformity
      • Trauma
      • Paralysis
      • Surgical alteration
      • Pallor
      • Redness
      • Cyanosis
      • Lesions
      • Cheilitis
      • Cheilosis
      • Halitosis
    • Inspection of the neck:
      • Normal neck veins
      • No thrills
      • No palpable lifts or heaves
    • Deviations from normal:
      • Thrills (murmur)
      • Palpable lifts or heaves (right ventricular hypertrophy)

    Assessment of the Nose and Sinuses

    • Inspection of the nose:
      • Normal shape and size
      • No deviation
      • No lesions
    • Deviations from normal:
      • Deviation
      • Lesions
    • Assessment of the sinuses:
      • Normal transillumination
      • No tenderness
    • Deviations from normal:
      • Decreased transillumination
      • Tenderness

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the assessment of the head and neck in health with this quiz. Topics include inspecting skull size, shape, and configuration, as well as understanding normal variations in head characteristics. Prepare for your midterms with this comprehensive assessment quiz.

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