NCM108 Health Care Ethics Chapter 1

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Questions and Answers

What does the term 'bioethics' primarily encompass?

The economic aspects of healthcare delivery

The political influences on medical practices

The application of ethics to medicine and healthcare (correct)

The study of human genetics in healthcare

Which two Greek words form the term 'bioethics'?

Bios and ethos (correct)

Bios and ethosia

Bios and etho

Bios and ethosy

What was the main purpose of bioethics as outlined in the content?

Ensuring economic profit in healthcare practices

Reducing the number of healthcare professionals

Promoting aggressive medical interventions

Enhancing competence to care holistically for patients (correct)

Which of the following best describes bioethics?

The science of right doing in health-related fields Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect does bioethics NOT emphasize according to the content?

The financial profitability of healthcare systems Signup and view all the answers

Who coined the term 'bioethics'?

Fritz Jahr Signup and view all the answers

In the context of healthcare, what does bioethics aim to prevent?

Untoward results and harm to others Signup and view all the answers

According to bioethics, what are individuals considered?

Holistic beings with physical, mental, and emotional aspects Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of an honorable good?

Health Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes pleasurable good?

Good producing joy while suppressing desire Signup and view all the answers

In what way are the three types of good related?

They are analogous and interact differently in various situations. Signup and view all the answers

What aspect is central to moral goodness according to the passage?

Contextualization in different cultures Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of human acts according to the content?

They originate from free will and reason. Signup and view all the answers

Natural moral law is defined as:

Participation in eternal law by rational beings. Signup and view all the answers

What does ethics primarily guide in nursing?

The principles of decision-making and patient care Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a quality of human acts?

Done without consent Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between morals and ethics in nursing?

Morals form the basis for ethical actions in nursing. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does not describe useful good?

Desired for its intrinsic goodness Signup and view all the answers

What defines moral distress in health care according to the content?

Understanding the right course of action but facing constraints. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'eternal law' refer to?

The divine Wisdom guiding creation towards its purpose. Signup and view all the answers

How does one discern the right thing to do according to the passage?

By internal examination of human acts. Signup and view all the answers

According to St. Thomas Aquinas, human acts are said to become strictly accountable when they are performed by individuals who:

Employ their intellect and will. Signup and view all the answers

Why is patient privacy crucial in nursing ethics?

It fosters trust and respect between patients and healthcare providers. Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario describes acts that are not considered human acts?

A patient in a coma making bodily movements. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of bioethics in nursing?

To provide caution on how nurses ought to act in patient care. Signup and view all the answers

How should nurses view their patients according to nursing ethics?

As individuals deserving respect and autonomy. Signup and view all the answers

What is an important aspect of how human acts influence individuals?

They help form the human personality and structure. Signup and view all the answers

What is emphasized about the nursing profession regarding ethics?

It is consistently viewed as honest and ethical. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly represents the concept of acts of man?

They are spontaneous and lack moral implications. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes moral acts from acts of man?

Moral acts involve the use of intellect and free will. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best represents the attitude nurses must maintain towards their duties?

They must acknowledge their calls to duty with seriousness. Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for nurses to listen to patients' concerns in care?

It conveys respect for their autonomy and dignity. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the honorable good and pleasurable good?

Honorable good is sometimes dissociated from pleasurable good. Signup and view all the answers

What does evil often accompany that can be considered pleasing?

Some good Signup and view all the answers

Natural law is primarily understood as which of the following?

A rule of reason promulgated by God Signup and view all the answers

What does the light of reason enable humans to do?

Discern good from evil Signup and view all the answers

Why is natural law considered 'natural'?

It is inherent and discernible by human reason. Signup and view all the answers

What results from the privation of good?

Sadness and pain Signup and view all the answers

What does the divine Lawgiver provide in the context of natural law?

The voice and interpreter of reason Signup and view all the answers

How can cultural contexts influence natural law?

By providing ever-changing interpretations. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Introduction to Bioethics

Bioethics combines concepts of life (bios) and behavior (ethos), focused on moral principles in healthcare.
Coined by Fritz Jahr in 1926, bioethics examines right and wrong behaviors in medicine and nursing.
Aims to enhance care by recognizing patients as holistic beings with physical, mental, and emotional aspects.

Purpose and Significance of Bioethics

Bioethics provides guidelines that help healthcare providers make informed decisions affecting patients, animals, and the environment.
Ensures respect for patient dignity and rights, emphasizing a client-centered approach where patients' choices are paramount.
Addresses the impact of nurses' actions on patients and the wider community, establishing ethical standards in nursing practice.

Principles of Nursing Profession

Nurses are entrusted with patient dignity and privacy, requiring active listening and respect for patients' care preferences.
Nursing is defined as a calling, demanding adherence to ethical principles while carrying out responsibilities.
Ethical decision-making is crucial, with nurses regarded as trustworthy figures in the healthcare team.

Human Acts and Moral Responsibility

Human acts, central to ethics, are voluntary actions that emerge from free will and deliberate choices involving moral responsibility.
St. Thomas Aquinas emphasized the importance of reason in determining moral acts, distinguishing them from involuntary actions.
Acts performed under constraints (e.g., unconsciousness, hypnosis) do not carry moral accountability.

Ethical Concepts

Ethical goodness can be classified into three categories:
- Honorable Good: Intrinsically desired goods resulting from virtue and reason.
- Pleasurable Good: Goods that bring joy but are not pursued for their inherent value.
- Useful Good: Goods sought for their utility rather than intrinsic goodness.

Natural Law

Natural law, as a divine law, serves as a moral compass, guiding human actions through reason.
It reflects the eternal law, prompting individuals towards right actions and discernment of good versus evil.
Characterized by changes in application depending on cultural contexts, natural law emphasizes the rational capacity inherent in human nature.

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Description

This quiz focuses on Chapter 1 of the NCM108 course, which introduces Bioethics as well as foundational ethical concepts in nursing. Students will explore the historical perspectives and responsibilities of ethical practice in health care settings. Test your understanding of these critical concepts in health care ethics.