NCM 113 Finals - Community Development

NCM 113 (FINALS) - COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT

• Community development is a process where communities work together to address common problems through collective action.

Working with Groups Towards Community Development

• Teamwork forms the building blocks of group success or failure.
• A team forms when members with shared interests, goals, and attitudes come together.
• Individual goals take a secondary role when a team is involved.
• Teamwork is the ability to direct individual accomplishments towards organizational objectives.
• Teams need to be constantly motivated.
• Development of emotional bonds is important.

Stages of Group Development

• Forming: Orientation and getting acquainted, high uncertainty, seeking leadership.
• Storming: Most difficult stage, conflict and competition as personalities emerge, team performance can decrease.
• Norming: Resolving conflict, unity, consensus on leadership and roles.
• Performing: Consensus and cooperation established, mature, organized, and well-functioning team, committed to the mission.
• Adjourning: Most goals accomplished, emphasis on wrapping up final tasks and documenting efforts.

Interventions to Facilitate Group Growth

• Teamwork: Critical for group success or failure.
• Team Training: Formalized learning experience with preset objectives and curriculum that target specific team competencies.
• Team Building: Activities and strategies that enhance social relations and motivate better performance. An intervention designed to foster improvement within the team.
• Team Debriefing: A promising method for accelerating learning from experience.
• Team Climate: A psychologically safe climate reduces interpersonal conflict.
• Leadership Training: Improving leader capabilities. Essential for effective team processing. -Training goals set at a team level and outcomes evaluated at that same level -Leaders who can act effectively in formally appointed leadership positions

Interventions to Facilitate Group

• Orientation: Providing participants with direction, structure, and orientation where individuals understand their surroundings, direction or way and organizational structure.
• Structure: Means organizing or fitting components together, including the internal environment of an area in terms of population, housing, jobs and production. Community structure measured by structure, function and their combination.
• Direction: The path something takes to reaching a specific place or the way something is developing.
• Process, Negotiate, and Resolving Conflicts: A series of actions to achieve a specific result. Conflict resolution for diverse situations including interpersonal, inter-group, and inter-state situations.
• Processes essential for achieving tasks and describing how things are done in community development, including issues, selection and implementation of actions, and evaluation
• Conflict Management: A process to resolve disagreement and struggles between individuals and groups, encompassing personal, financial, political, and emotional elements.
• Conflict Resolution: Used for two or more parties to find a resolution, including negotiation, and mediation.
• Types of Conflict: Conflict with self, others, environment, and the supernatural, along with the causes of conflict (task interdependancies, status inconsistencies, and situational factors).
• Conflict Resolution Processes: Identifying issues, understanding interests, listing options, evaluating options, selecting options, Documenting the agreement, and agreeing on competencies.

Collaboration and Partnership

• Collaboration: Two or more organizations working together to share risks, responsibilities, and rewards and parties not contractually bound.
• Partnerships: A legal, contractual relationship between two or more parties, involving close cooperation, specified rights, and responsibilities.

Information Technology and Community Health

• Information technology and community health: Covers hardware and software for converting, storing, processing, transmitting, and retrieving health information
• Information and communication technologies (ICTs) – diverse set of tools and resources used for communication and managing information.
• E-health: An emerging field in the intersection of medical informatics, public health services, and the internet for delivering health care via enhanced and related technologies. This approach delivers safer, more effective and quality healthcare. A provider and patient interaction mediated by electronic systems
  • Advantages: enhances patient care (online care and accessibility) reduced staff stress, and efficient/accessible patient records, time savings, better care delivery

Storage, Retrieval, and Transmission of Health Information

• Storage: Efficient electronic medical record keeping. Data retention even during power outages and storage in processes with updates from physicians, nurses and healthcare providers.
• Retrieval: Complex processes to request, retrieve, organize and deliver data like medical records/documentation needed for claim processing.
• Transmittal: Process of sending messages in health care often using electronic information/communication technologies.
• Power of data information: Use to improve health/social care services, can develop new services, influence strategies, inform budget decisions, and optimize processes/policy

E-Health Situation in the Philippines

• E-Health enabling widespread access to services by 2020, yielding substantial benefits to public health while making improved surveillance of diseases and injuries possible. Implementing telemedicine/mobile technology for reporting on remote areas. Use of e-health tools/technologies for reporting on tuberculosis, maternal and neonatal death reporting

Using E-Health in the Community

• Use of e-health for rural communities – Improves access to quality care, empowers patients/communities to engage in the health system, and provide timely information for management of illnesses.

Roles of Community Health Nurses in E-Health

• Primary role in providing treatment and education for community health maintenance.

Major Roles of eHealth Nurses in Community Settings

• Data and Records Manager: Maintaining the quality, accuracy, completeness, consistency, and currency of EMRs.
• Change Agent: Working closely with the community to implement and use eHealth tools effectively.
• Educator: Implementing health education programs for families/individuals through ICTs.
• Telepresenter: Referring patients remotely to medical specialists through telemedicine solutions.
• Client Advocate: Protecting patient privacy, security, and confidentiality.
• Researcher: Analysis of patient data using eHealth tools.

Positive Attitude and Values of a Community Health Nurse

Personal Attributes of Community Health Nurses

• Qualities that are inherent in community health nurses to support their effectiveness in their role. Emphasizes that differences in personality can impact how easily one succeeds in a role.

Communication Skills

• Fundamental for all careers; speaking clearly/directly; using easy to understand language; active listening, frequently asking questions; sharing knowledge/opinions. Important in avoiding biases/prejudices, and improving understanding with accurate and rapid information processing

Interpersonal Skills

• Behaviors and tactics used for effective interaction with others. Essential workplace skill/quality. Includes strong verbal and nonverbal communication, good body language, and consideration for the attitudes of others.

Flexibility

• Capacity for adapting to various situations and conditions. Importance of adaptable personality to thrive.

Emotional Stability

• A desirable trait that helps one withstand challenges, adversity, and stressful situations, enabling a balanced way of perceiving the problems in life which are common occurrences in the stressful health care environment.

Attention to Detail

• Ensuring thoroughness and careful monitoring of all task areas. Leads to improved quality work through concentration on tasks and reduced errors.

Problem-Solving Skills

• Defining a problem, identifying the root cause, prioritizing, selecting, and implementing solutions. Encourages more confident and independent behavior in solving problems.

Physical Endurance

• Ability to sustain efforts and withstand hardships. Exercise and methods to increase stamina, handling the stresses of a workload.

Hardworking

• Willingness to put in the effort to meet goals; spending the time needed during long hours without shortcuts or work avoidance. A virtue that promotes discipline, dedication and determination.

Knowledgeable

• Intellect/understanding of subject matter or multiple areas. Openness to new knowledge and experience.

Compassionate

• Inner motivation to lessen suffering or prevent suffering for others, putting aside judgment, and approaching challenging situations with empathy. Promotes connections and facilitates problem-solving, improving health and well-being.

Empathy

• Expression of emotion or action with strength. The ability to understand or share the feelings of another.

Optimistic

• Positive attitude about the future, exhibiting hope in expectations and results, and looking at improvements to any situation to minimize obstacles. Focuses on solutions, not problems.

Professional Competencies in Nursing

• Combination of skills, knowledge, values, abilities required for high performance in nursing roles and positions.

Patient-Centered Care

• Focusing on the patient's needs, associated with higher patient satisfaction, better adherence; effective treatment. Treating with dignity and respect, involving in decisions related to healthcare.

Teamwork and Collaboration

• Working with colleagues together to reach a shared goal; collaborating as equals, without a leader, and using communication to develop ideas and decisions together

Evidence-Based Practice

• A conscientious, problem-solving approach to clinical practice. Incorporates best evidence from studies, patient values, and a clinician's expertise to make decisions about patient care, illustrated by examples in various areas, like Infection Control.

Quality Improvement

• Uniting efforts to improve processes; eliminating rework, waste; and losses in the care process; creating efficiencies to address the needs of the client. Aims for improved care outcomes in healthcare.

Prepare for your NCM 113 finals with a focus on community development. This quiz explores the teamwork dynamics essential for successful group collaboration and the various stages of group development. Test your understanding of how communities can address challenges through collective action.