Questions and Answers
What is the puerperium period?
6 weeks after the birth of an infant.
Which family members are included in post-partum care?
Bonding is a long-term process that begins after birth.
False
The claiming process allows family members to identify ______ and unique qualities of the infant.
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Which of the following are factors affecting family adaptation?
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What is involution in the context of the reproductive system?
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Lochia is the vaginal discharge after ______.
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What type of discharge is lochia rubra?
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When does the cervix close after giving birth?
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What is dyspareunia?
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What hormonal change occurs after placental expulsion?
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What triggers milk production after childbirth?
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Colostrum is a yellowish fluid rich in ______ produced in late pregnancy.
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Increased prolactin levels in breastfeeding mothers lead to regular ovulation.
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What might lead to bowel movement difficulties after childbirth?
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What is the average blood loss during childbirth?
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Vital signs typically stabilize back to normal within 1 hour after delivery.
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Study Notes
Puerperium
- Duration: 6 weeks post-birth, focusing on mother's and family’s adaptation.
- Family Dynamics: Involves not just mother and newborn, but also partners, siblings, and grandparents.
- Bonding Process: Rapid attachment occurs in the first 30-60 minutes after birth.
- Attachment Development: Begins during pregnancy and intensifies postpartum, fostering long-term family bonds.
- Claiming Process: Family identifies infant’s traits, fostering connection.
Factors Affecting Family Adaptation
- Parental fatigue impacts adjustment and caregiving.
- Previous experiences with infants inform expectations and behaviors.
- Parents’ expectations can shape interactions with the newborn.
- Knowledge and confidence in newborn care are crucial for effective parenting.
- Newborn’s temperament affects family dynamics and adaptation.
- Parents’ temperament influences their response to the newborn.
- Younger parents may face different challenges than older parents.
- A strong support system can alleviate stress and enhance adaptation.
- Unexpected events may disrupt the normalization process for families.
Maternal Physiologic Changes
Reproductive System
- Uterus Involution: Returns to pre-pregnant size through muscle contraction and healing; endometrium heals in 2-3 weeks.
- Uterine Fundal Descent: Gradually descends; consistent level at umbilicus for 12 hours and decreases by 1cm daily for 10 days.
- Breastfeeding: Causes afterpains due to uterine contractions and hormonal responses.
Lochia Stages
- Rubra: Reddish discharge for the first 3 days.
- Serosa: Pinkish-brown discharge from 4th to 10th day.
- Alba: Yellowish-white discharge lasting from 10 days to 6 weeks.
Cervical Changes
- Returns to a firm state within 18 hours; cervical os closes after 2 weeks.
Vaginal Changes
- Complete involution by 6 weeks; may experience dyspareunia due to reduced lubrication from low estrogen.
Perineal Healing
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Episiotomy Degrees:
- 1st: Skin and mucous membrane.
- 2nd: Includes muscle.
- 3rd: Involves rectal sphincter.
- 4th: Involves rectal mucosa.
Endocrine System
- Hormonal changes post-placenta lead to decreased levels of hPL, estrogen, and cortisol.
- Lactation Initiation: Prolactin starts milk production 2-3 days after birth.
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Menstrual Cycle Implications:
- Breastfeeding mothers experience high prolactin levels delaying ovulation.
- Non-breastfeeding mothers may ovulate as soon as 27 days postpartum.
Breast Changes
- Colostrum: Produced late in pregnancy, rich in antibodies and protein.
- Engorgement: Occurs 3-4 days after birth, resolves within 24-48 hours if not drained.
Gastrointestinal System
- Increased hunger and thirst post-birth due to energy expenditure.
- Bowel movement issues can result from decreased peristalsis and discomfort.
Cardiovascular System
- Average blood loss during birth: 500 ml; higher in cesarean sections.
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Vital Signs Changes:
- Temperature may rise due to dehydration but normalizes after 24 hours.
- Pulse may be elevated initially but should not exceed 100 bpm.
- Respiratory rate returns to pre-pregnant levels within 6-8 weeks.
- Blood pressure may slightly increase postpartum.
Blood Volume Management
- Physiological changes post-birth mitigate excessive blood loss and stabilize maternal health.
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Description
Explore the essential concepts of post-partum care in this NCM 107 quiz. Learn about family adaptation, bonding, and the significance of the puerperium period. This quiz emphasizes the importance of including all family members in the care process after the birth of an infant.
