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Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT)?
When was the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) established?
What kind of organisation is the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT)?
Who set up the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT)?
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What is the scope of the National Council of Educational Research and Training's (NCERT's) advisory role?
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What was the main reason for the convocation of the Estates General in May 1789?
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What was the outcome of the insurrection of 10 August 1792?
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What was the Reign of Terror characterized by?
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What replaced the French First Republic in 1795?
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Who led the military coup that seized power in 1799 and marked the end of the Revolutionary period?
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What percentage of the French population lived in towns by 1789?
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What was the main problem with the French taxation system in the late 18th century?
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Which social group saw their living standards fall during the 18th century?
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What was the outcome of Louis XVI's willingness to consider reforms?
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What was the consequence of the economic recession from 1785 and bad harvests in 1787 and 1788?
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Study Notes
NCERT Overview
- Established in 1961 as an autonomous organisation by the Government of India
- Aims to assist and advise Central and State Governments on policies and programmes for qualitative improvement in school education
The French Revolution (1789-1799)
- The French Revolution was a period of significant political and societal change in France that lasted from 1789 to 1799.
- It began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the coup of 18 Brumaire in November 1799, leading to the formation of the French Consulate.
Causes of the Revolution
- The Revolution was the result of a combination of long-term and short-term factors, including social, economic, financial, and political crises.
- The French population grew from 21 million to 28 million between 1715 and 1789, with the middle class tripling to 10% of the population.
- The benefits of increasing prosperity were distributed unevenly across regions and social groups, leading to increasing inequality and social conflict.
- Economic recession from 1785 and bad harvests in 1787 and 1788 led to high unemployment and food prices.
- The state experienced a debt crisis, with tax rates varying widely from one region to another, and collected inconsistently.
- The complexity of the tax system led to uncertainty and resentment among taxpayers.
Key Events
- The Estates General was convened in May 1789, which was converted into a National Assembly in June.
- The Storming of the Bastille on July 14, 1789, led to radical measures by the Assembly, including the abolition of feudalism and state control over the Catholic Church.
- The French Revolutionary Wars began in April 1792, resulting in military defeats and the insurrection of August 10, 1792.
- The monarchy was abolished, and the French First Republic was established in September 1792, with Louis XVI executed in January 1793.
- The Reign of Terror (1793-1794) resulted in the execution of around 16,000 people.
- The Directory replaced the Republic in 1795, but was weakened by external threats and internal opposition.
- The Consulate, led by Napoleon Bonaparte, seized power in a military coup in 1799, marking the end of the Revolutionary period.
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Description
Learn about the establishment and objectives of the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT), an autonomous organisation set up by the Government of India in 1961.
