Questions and Answers
What is matter?
What are the states of matter?
Solid, liquid, gas
Define solid.
State of matter with a definite shape and volume.
What is a liquid?
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What is gas?
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What does volume refer to?
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Define mass.
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What is weight?
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What is gravity?
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Define density.
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What is force?
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Define pressure.
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Which of the following are types of pressure? (Select all that apply)
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What is static pressure?
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What is impact pressure?
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What is relative pressure?
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Define absolute pressure.
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What is Pascal's Law?
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What does Bernoulli's Principle state?
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What happens in a divergent Venturi tube?
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What occurs in a convergent Venturi tube?
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What does Boyle's Law state?
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What does Charles' Law state?
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Which of the following are Newton's Laws of Motion? (Select all that apply)
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Define the Law of Inertia.
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What does the Law of Force and Acceleration state?
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What does the Law of Interaction state?
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Define heat.
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What are the methods of heat transfer? (Select all that apply)
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Define conduction.
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What is convection?
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What is radiation?
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Define temperature.
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What is the atmosphere?
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What are the layers of the atmosphere?
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Define troposphere.
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What is stratosphere?
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Define mesosphere.
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What is thermosphere?
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What is the machine principle?
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What is the purpose of the machine principle?
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What is the process of the machine principle?
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How is the efficiency of a machine measured?
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Define hydraulics.
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What are the principles of hydraulics?
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What is the purpose of hydraulics?
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Which of the following are components of the hydromechanical system? (Select all that apply)
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What is a reservoir?
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What is the role of the filter in a hydromechanical system?
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What does a pump do?
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What is a pressure relief valve?
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What does a selector valve do?
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What is an actuating unit?
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What is the role of tubing in a hydromechanical system?
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What is a check valve?
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What are the two types of contamination? (Select all that apply)
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What is the greatest maintenance hazard for hydraulics?
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List the origins of contamination.
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What is contamination control?
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What are the safety considerations for hydromechanical systems? (Select all that apply)
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Define power.
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What is motion?
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Define velocity.
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What is acceleration?
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Define energy.
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What is inertia?
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What is jet propulsion?
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Define standard day.
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What is the Brayton Cycle?
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What are the four continuous and constant events in the Brayton Cycle?
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What are the types of thrust classification? (Select all that apply)
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Define static thrust.
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What is net thrust?
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What are the variables affecting thrust? (Select all that apply)
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Where is the front frame section located?
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What are the five components of the compressor?
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What is the purpose of the compressor section?
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Define compressor casing.
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What is the compressor rotor assembly?
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What is the stator assembly composed of?
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What do exit guide vanes do?
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What is the role of the diffuser?
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What are the types of compressors? (Select all that apply)
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What is the process of compressor air flow?
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What is the combustion section?
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What are the components of the combustion section?
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What are the two types of combustion chambers?
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What are ignitor plugs?
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What does the fuel nozzle do?
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What is the fuel drain's purpose?
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What is the purpose of the turbine section?
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What are turbine section components?
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What does the nozzle assembly do?
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What is the turbine rotor assembly's purpose?
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What are the types of turbine rotor blades?
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What is the engine exhaust section?
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What is the inner cone's function?
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What are struts in the turbine engine?
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What is the exhaust nozzle's purpose?
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What is the turbine engine accessory section?
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Study Notes
Matter and States of Matter
- Matter occupies space and can transition between states; composed of elements or compounds.
- States of matter include solid, liquid, and gas, each with distinct properties.
Properties of Matter
- Solid: Has a definite shape and volume.
- Liquid: Maintains definite volume but adapts its shape based on the container.
- Gas: Lacks definite shape or volume, filling the available space.
Basic Measurements
- Volume: The space an object occupies.
- Mass: The quantity of matter within an object.
- Weight: The gravitational force acting on an object.
- Gravity: The attraction between an object and the Earth, influencing weight.
- Density: Mass per unit volume, indicating how tightly matter is packed into a space.
Pressure Concepts
- Force: The total pressure acting on an object.
- Pressure: Force exerted over an area (measured in PSI).
- Types of Pressure: Includes static, impact, relative, and absolute pressures.
Application of Pressure Principles
- Pascal's Law: Pressure applied to a confined fluid is transmitted equally in all directions.
- Bernoulli's Principle: In a fluid stream, increased velocity results in decreased pressure.
- Divergent Venturi Tube: Increases pressure while decreasing velocity.
- Convergent Venturi Tube: Increases velocity while decreasing pressure.
Gas Laws
- Boyle's Law: For a gas at constant temperature, volume and pressure are inversely related.
- Charles’ Law: At constant volume, pressure is proportional to absolute temperature, and at constant pressure, volume is proportional to temperature.
Newton's Laws of Motion
- First Law (Inertia): An object at rest stays at rest; an object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by an external force.
- Second Law (Force and Acceleration): Acceleration is inversely proportional to mass when a constant force is applied (F=ma).
- Third Law (Interaction): For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Heat Transfer and Temperature
- Heat: Energy produced by molecular motion, measured in British thermal units (BTU) or calories.
- Methods of Heat Transfer: Includes conduction (direct transfer), convection (currents in fluids), and radiation (transfer via high-speed energy particles).
- Temperature: A measure of the intensity of hotness or coldness.
Atmospheric Composition and Layers
- Atmosphere Composition: 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 1% inert gases.
- Atmospheric Layers: Troposphere (weather), Stratosphere (best flying conditions), Mesosphere (limited gas turbine operation), Thermosphere (protection layer).
Machine and Hydraulic Principles
- Machine Principle: Application of laws to develop machines that assist in work; all machines modify force or speed.
- Hydraulics: Study of liquid motion; uses principles like Pascal's Law to transmit pressure in confined fluids and to move components effectively.
Hydromechanical System Components
- Reservoir: Stores fluid.
- Filter: Removes contamination.
- Pump: Facilitates fluid flow.
- Pressure Relief Valve: Manages system pressure.
- Selector Valve: Directs fluid flow.
- Actuating Unit: Converts fluid pressure to mechanical work.
- Tubing: Conducts fluid.
- Check Valve: Allows unidirectional flow.
Contamination in Hydraulics
- Major maintenance hazard; contamination can originate from within the system or external sources.
- Control measures include maintaining filters and minimizing contamination during maintenance.
Mechanical Power Concepts
- Power: Rate at which work is done or energy is expended.
- Motion: Change in place or position.
- Velocity: Rate of distance change with respect to time.
- Acceleration: Rate of change of velocity.
Jet Propulsion and Thrust
- Jet Propulsion: Force generated in the opposite direction of gas flow escaping through a nozzle.
- Thrust Classification: Includes static thrust (no forward motion) and net thrust (effective power during flight).
Brayton Cycle in Gas Turbines
- The thermodynamic cycle of a gas turbine engine includes four continuous events: intake, compression, combustion, and exhaust.
Gas Turbine Engine Sections
- Compressor Section: Compress air for combustion.
- Combustion Section: Mixes air with fuel and ignites it to produce energy.
- Turbine Section: Converts energy from combustion gases into mechanical energy to drive the compressor and accessories.
- Exhaust Section: Straightens and directs gases out of the engine.
Turbine Engine Components
- Each section has distinct components, such as casing, rotor assemblies, nozzle assemblies, and exhaust nozzles.
Engine Exhaust Dynamics
- Inner Cone: Maintains gas flow stability in the exhaust duct.
- Exhaust Nozzle: Enhances gas velocity and directs flow, available in fixed and variable area designs.
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Test your knowledge on fundamental concepts of matter and its various states with this flashcard quiz. Perfect for students in Navy Aviation Machinist Mate A School. Dive into definitions and learn essential vocabulary to excel in your studies.