Navigation, Human Factors and Meteorology Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the maximum acceptable alcohol level in a pilot’s blood while flying?

  • 20 mg/100ml (correct)
  • 80 mg/100ml
  • 50 mg/100ml
  • 150 mg/100ml

    • Which of the following substances can impair a pilot's performance when flying?

  • Vitamin B12
  • Caffeine
  • Cannabis (correct)
  • Nicotinic acids

    • Which factor is NOT listed as influencing heart disease?

  • High Protein Diet (correct)
  • Diabetes
  • Stress
  • Obesity

    • At what alcohol concentration does a pilot risk losing their driving license?

    <p>80 mg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does it generally take for one unit of alcohol to dissipate from the body?

    <p>1 hour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the safe limit of regular drinking for men per week?

    <p>21-28 units</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which effect does alcohol NOT have on an individual's behavior?

    <p>Enhances critical thinking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered a serious risk of consuming more than 150 mg of alcohol?

    <p>Loss of self-control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average safe consumption limit of caffeine per 24 hours?

    <p>400 mg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions can caffeine lead to if consumed in large quantities?

    <p>Insomnia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the physiological altitude experienced by a moderate smoker at sea level?

    <p>6,000 ft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about carbon monoxide is true?

    <p>It can cause defective judgment and lack of concern.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended minimum rest time after general anaesthetic?

    <p>24 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of smoke contains higher concentrations of toxins harmful to passive smokers?

    <p>Side-stream smoke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What negative effect can over-the-counter painkillers like paracetamol have?

    <p>Drowsiness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a recommended time limit for activities after anaesthetic or donation?

    <p>Donating Blood or Plasma – 48 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a pilot experience during acceleration in an aircraft?

    <p>False sense of climbing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What illusion is caused by a down-sloping runway?

    <p>The aircraft appears to be lower than it is</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During deceleration, what sensation does a pilot experience?

    <p>True sensation of pitch down</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does inertia contribute to during flight maneuvers?

    <p>False altitude perception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is typically misperceived when experiencing visual illusions during landing?

    <p>Altitude relative to surrounding landmarks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What psychological phenomenon may occur as a consequence of pilot disorientation?

    <p>Confusion about heading</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of pilot perception, how does gravity affect an aircraft's performance perception during flight?

    <p>Affects how acceleration and deceleration are sensed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does an upsloping runway have on a pilot's perception during approach?

    <p>Creates the illusion of being lower than actual altitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by Situational Awareness (SA)?

    <p>The perception, comprehension, and prediction of environmental elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of learning for aviation, what is incomplete knowledge considered?

    <p>A significant threat to aviation safety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the acronym NUTA stand for in relation to Situational Awareness?

    <p>Notice, Understand, Think Ahead</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can occur if a pilot engages in too much forward thinking regarding situational awareness?

    <p>They may overlook immediate environmental cues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does TEM stand for in aviation safety and performance?

    <p>Threat and Error Management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Endsley's definition, which aspect does situational awareness NOT include?

    <p>Retrospective analysis of past maneuvers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main goals of Threat and Error Management (TEM)?

    <p>Ensuring outcomes are inconsequential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phrase summarizes the broader concept of situational awareness?

    <p>See the 'Bigger Picture' while processing immediate inputs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following does NOT qualify as an environmental or physical stressor?

    <p>Strained Relationship</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended strategy for managing physical stressors?

    <p>Ensure adequate hydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an intellectual, psychological, and emotional stressor commonly faced by pilots?

    <p>Marital Problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a recommended practice for psychological preparation in stressful situations?

    <p>Avoid critical thinking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of stressor is indicated if a pilot experiences anxiety due to a lack of resolution in a flight plan?

    <p>Psychological Preparation Stressor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option illustrates effective time management as a stress coping strategy?

    <p>Prioritizing urgent tasks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action is least effective for minimizing stress from environmental factors?

    <p>Complaining about conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which situation would a pilot likely experience increased physical stress?

    <p>Experiencing turbulence during a flight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consideration in cockpit design to ensure pilots can maintain adequate visibility?

    <p>Minimizing head movements while viewing displays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major factor influences the size and shape of aircraft windows?

    <p>Aerodynamic and weight restrictions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature is NOT mentioned as a main consideration in the design of cockpit seats?

    <p>Color scheme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For visualizing quantitative information, which display type has been shown to yield better results?

    <p>Digital displays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be avoided when displaying critical endpoints such as an altimeter?

    <p>Moving tape displays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an important characteristic for cockpit seats regarding pilot health?

    <p>Shock absorbing lumbar support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What organization has been referenced for cockpit design features?

    <p>Airbus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of cockpit display types, which type is better suited for qualitative or comparative information?

    <p>Analogue displays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating Body Mass Index (BMI)?

    <p>Weight in kg divided by height in meters squared</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is primarily associated with an increased risk of heart disease?

    <p>Age and family history</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered a normal BMI value for adults?

    <p>Between 18.5 and 24.9</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be a consequence of having a BMI of 30 or above?

    <p>Increased risk of obesity-related diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What health issue is specifically noted as a common reason for loss of a medical certificate?

    <p>Heart disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age-related factor can affect the risk of heart disease?

    <p>Genetic predisposition from family history</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what point in life is the growth process of one's body typically completed?

    <p>Early 20’s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant health risk associated with being overweight or obese?

    <p>Increased likelihood of diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary optical correction used for myopia?

    <p>Concave lens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does hyperopia affect the vision of an individual?

    <p>Close objects are focused behind the retina, resulting in blurry images.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of lens is used to correct hyperopia?

    <p>Convex lens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the visual acuity ratio for normal vision?

    <p>20/20</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is characterized by a loss of focusing range due to aging?

    <p>Presbyopia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is predominantly affected by color blindness?

    <p>Males, especially young children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a visual acuity of 20/25 indicate?

    <p>The person sees at 20ft what an average person sees at 25ft.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a convex lens on light from distant and close objects?

    <p>It focuses light from distant objects onto the retina.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What behavior is typically caused by the initial effects of alcohol consumption?

    <p>False sense of well-being</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following blood alcohol concentration levels is associated with impaired judgment?

    <p>50 mg/100 ml</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions can be a risk factor for heart disease?

    <p>High blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum safe alcohol level permitted in a pilot’s blood while flying?

    <p>20 mg/100 ml</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What typical time frame is popular in the UK for recovery after alcohol consumption before flying?

    <p>8 hours bottle to throttle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance can significantly impair pilot performance regardless of its legality?

    <p>LSD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What unit of alcohol consumption is generally accepted to take one hour to dissipate from the bloodstream?

    <p>1 unit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended maximum number of alcohol units per week for men?

    <p>28 units</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does a narrower-than-usual runway have on a pilot's perception during an approach?

    <p>It results in the illusion that the aircraft is higher than it really is.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of behavior relies on long-term memory for decision-making in aviation?

    <p>Knowledge Based behaviour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary reason for using a good lookout technique in aviation?

    <p>To identify potential hazards and maintain safety.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the outcome of mastering flying skills?

    <p>It demands ongoing mental application and practice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What visual illusion occurs with a wider-than-usual runway during an aircraft's approach?

    <p>The aircraft appears lower than it actually is.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of human performance is heavily tied to professional flying?

    <p>Knowledge Based behaviour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In aviation, which aspect is crucial for maintaining safety when approaching unfamiliar situations?

    <p>Applying a rule-based approach.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'constant bearing = constant danger' imply for pilots during a flight?

    <p>The position of other aircraft can remain constant despite their approach.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for decompression sickness that occurs when bubbles form in the skin during SCUBA diving?

    <p>The CREEPS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a recommendation for divers regarding flying after diving?

    <p>Fly immediately after any depth of diving</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the malleus in the middle ear?

    <p>To transmit vibrations to the incus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is NOT part of the inner ear?

    <p>Tympanic Membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does decompression sickness have on the brain when bubbles form there?

    <p>Causes amnesia and other cognitive impairments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the hearing frequency range considered normal?

    <p>20 Hz to 20 kHz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The tensor tympani muscle plays a role in which of the following?

    <p>Controlling the tension of the eardrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could potentially happen to a diver who flies immediately after exceeding 30ft underwater without taking precautions?

    <p>Increased risk of decompression sickness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the ossicles in the middle ear?

    <p>To transmit and amplify sound vibrations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these conditions corresponds to bubbles forming in the inner ear during SCUBA diving?

    <p>The STAGGERS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What exemplifies the concept of latent failure in aviation systems?

    <p>An unnoticed waypoint error causing an aircraft crash</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Murphy’s Law suggests what about potential failures in a system?

    <p>If something can go wrong, it eventually will</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key expectation of aviation systems in terms of error tolerance?

    <p>Errors should have no serious implications for safety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Design-induced errors are primarily caused by what factor?

    <p>Faulty design of aircraft systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What principle is NOT a focus of future EASA design efforts in aviation?

    <p>Eliminating all forms of error</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In error recovery systems, what is the primary goal?

    <p>To detect errors and minimize their impact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What outcome does an error-tolerant aviation system seek to avoid?

    <p>Serious implications for safety or conduct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would be a direct consequence of rushed or incomplete preparation in aviation?

    <p>Inadequate risk assessment leading to potential accidents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Human Performance One

    • Course: 6ENT1169 Navigation, Human Factors and Meteorology
    • Lecturer: Dr Ivan Sikora
    • Module Aims:
      • Enable students to develop a comprehensive understanding of aircraft navigation principles.
      • Provide an understanding of how atmospheric conditions impact VFR and IFR operations.
      • Develop knowledge and understanding of factors limiting human performance.

    Human Physiology

    • Fundamental Knowledge of Atmosphere:
      • Structure of the Atmosphere: Exosphere, Ionosphere, Stratosphere, Troposphere (with temperature data).
      • Composition of Dry Air: Nitrogen (approximately 78%), Oxygen (approximately 21%), Other Gases (approximately 1%).
      • Water Vapor: Variable amounts present in the atmosphere.
      • International Standard Atmosphere (ISA): Temperature and pressure profiles with altitude.
      • Gas Laws: Boyle's Law, Charles' Law, General Gas Equation, Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures.
    • The Circulation System: Detailed diagram of circulation, highlighting the heart, lungs, right and left atrium and ventricle
      • Oxygen and Respiration:
        • Detailed explanation of how the lungs work in transferring oxygen into blood, and removing carbon dioxide
        • Shows how oxygen is transported through blood to the body via the haemoglobin in red blood cells
      • The Human Ear: Diagram of the ear outlining the major parts.
        • Hearing Frequency Range: Normal range, age-related deterioration
        • Ear protection: Cockpit Noise Levels
      • The Human Eye and Vision:
        • Components of the eye, including cones and rods.
        • Normal Eye Range, Short-Sightedness (Myopia), Long-Sightedness (Hyperopia), Colour Blindness

    Oxygen and Respiration

    • Need for Oxygen: How atmospheric pressure affects oxygen absorption, and the condition "Hypoxia".
    • Symptoms of Hypoxia: ranging from personality changes to loss of consciousness.
    • Onset of Hypoxia: Factors that can accelerate the onset of hypoxia at high altitudes.
    • Oxygen Requirements: Different oxygen requirements for varying altitudes.
    • Hyperventilation: Symptoms similar to hypoxia, but occurring at lower altitudes.
    • Depressurization: Problems associated with pressurization loss, such as the effects on sinus, Eustachian tubes, and the intestinal system.
    • Effect of 'G': Impact of high 'G' forces, and protective measures like anti-G suits.
    • Decompression Sickness (The Bends): Pain caused by gas bubbles in the joints; also called 'creeps' or 'stagger'
    • Procedures for preventing decompression sickness.

    Human Performance Two

    • Flying and Health:
      • Diet and Health: Common problems like being overweight/obese, Body Mass Index (BMI) calculation.
        • Factors affecting heart disease: High Blood Pressure, Raised Blood Cholesterol, Diabetes, Obesity, Lack of Exercise, Stress, Alcohol, Drugs.
        • Alcohol and Drugs: Effects on higher thought processes, behaviour, mood, and risk-taking behaviour.
        • Common Medication: Restrictions on medication
        • Toxic Hazard/Carbon Monoxide
    • IMSafe
    • The functions of the Mind (Basic Psychology):
      • Information Processing, Memory, Skills, Workload, Spatial Disorientation
      • Visual, Lookout.
    • Human Behaviour: Key characteristics of rule-based behavior, knowledge-based behavior, skill-based behaviour.
    • Situational Awareness (SA): Different definitions of situational awareness.

    Human Performance Three

    • Human Performance:
    • Personalities and CRM: Personality traits and characteristics.
    • Cockpit Design and Procedures
      • SHELL Model: Software, Hardware, Environment, Live-ware (self and others)
      • Cockpit Design and Procedures: Details about cockpit design and layout.

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    Human Factors Full PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on aircraft navigation principles as well as the impact of atmospheric conditions on VFR and IFR operations. Understand the factors limiting human performance in aviation and explore the fundamental concepts of atmosphere physics including gas laws and the structure of the atmosphere.

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