Navigation, Human Factors and Meteorology Quiz
98 Questions
1 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the maximum acceptable alcohol level in a pilot’s blood while flying?

  • 20 mg/100ml (correct)
  • 80 mg/100ml
  • 50 mg/100ml
  • 150 mg/100ml

Which of the following substances can impair a pilot's performance when flying?

  • Vitamin B12
  • Caffeine
  • Cannabis (correct)
  • Nicotinic acids

Which factor is NOT listed as influencing heart disease?

  • High Protein Diet (correct)
  • Diabetes
  • Stress
  • Obesity

At what alcohol concentration does a pilot risk losing their driving license?

<p>80 mg (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long does it generally take for one unit of alcohol to dissipate from the body?

<p>1 hour (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the safe limit of regular drinking for men per week?

<p>21-28 units (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which effect does alcohol NOT have on an individual's behavior?

<p>Enhances critical thinking (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a serious risk of consuming more than 150 mg of alcohol?

<p>Loss of self-control (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average safe consumption limit of caffeine per 24 hours?

<p>400 mg (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions can caffeine lead to if consumed in large quantities?

<p>Insomnia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the physiological altitude experienced by a moderate smoker at sea level?

<p>6,000 ft (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about carbon monoxide is true?

<p>It can cause defective judgment and lack of concern. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended minimum rest time after general anaesthetic?

<p>24 hours (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of smoke contains higher concentrations of toxins harmful to passive smokers?

<p>Side-stream smoke (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What negative effect can over-the-counter painkillers like paracetamol have?

<p>Drowsiness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a recommended time limit for activities after anaesthetic or donation?

<p>Donating Blood or Plasma – 48 hours (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a pilot experience during acceleration in an aircraft?

<p>False sense of climbing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What illusion is caused by a down-sloping runway?

<p>The aircraft appears to be lower than it is (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During deceleration, what sensation does a pilot experience?

<p>True sensation of pitch down (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does inertia contribute to during flight maneuvers?

<p>False altitude perception (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is typically misperceived when experiencing visual illusions during landing?

<p>Altitude relative to surrounding landmarks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What psychological phenomenon may occur as a consequence of pilot disorientation?

<p>Confusion about heading (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In terms of pilot perception, how does gravity affect an aircraft's performance perception during flight?

<p>Affects how acceleration and deceleration are sensed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does an upsloping runway have on a pilot's perception during approach?

<p>Creates the illusion of being lower than actual altitude (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by Situational Awareness (SA)?

<p>The perception, comprehension, and prediction of environmental elements (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of learning for aviation, what is incomplete knowledge considered?

<p>A significant threat to aviation safety (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the acronym NUTA stand for in relation to Situational Awareness?

<p>Notice, Understand, Think Ahead (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can occur if a pilot engages in too much forward thinking regarding situational awareness?

<p>They may overlook immediate environmental cues (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does TEM stand for in aviation safety and performance?

<p>Threat and Error Management (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Endsley's definition, which aspect does situational awareness NOT include?

<p>Retrospective analysis of past maneuvers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main goals of Threat and Error Management (TEM)?

<p>Ensuring outcomes are inconsequential (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phrase summarizes the broader concept of situational awareness?

<p>See the 'Bigger Picture' while processing immediate inputs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does NOT qualify as an environmental or physical stressor?

<p>Strained Relationship (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a recommended strategy for managing physical stressors?

<p>Ensure adequate hydration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an intellectual, psychological, and emotional stressor commonly faced by pilots?

<p>Marital Problems (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a recommended practice for psychological preparation in stressful situations?

<p>Avoid critical thinking (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of stressor is indicated if a pilot experiences anxiety due to a lack of resolution in a flight plan?

<p>Psychological Preparation Stressor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which option illustrates effective time management as a stress coping strategy?

<p>Prioritizing urgent tasks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which action is least effective for minimizing stress from environmental factors?

<p>Complaining about conditions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which situation would a pilot likely experience increased physical stress?

<p>Experiencing turbulence during a flight (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consideration in cockpit design to ensure pilots can maintain adequate visibility?

<p>Minimizing head movements while viewing displays (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major factor influences the size and shape of aircraft windows?

<p>Aerodynamic and weight restrictions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature is NOT mentioned as a main consideration in the design of cockpit seats?

<p>Color scheme (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For visualizing quantitative information, which display type has been shown to yield better results?

<p>Digital displays (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be avoided when displaying critical endpoints such as an altimeter?

<p>Moving tape displays (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an important characteristic for cockpit seats regarding pilot health?

<p>Shock absorbing lumbar support (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What organization has been referenced for cockpit design features?

<p>Airbus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In terms of cockpit display types, which type is better suited for qualitative or comparative information?

<p>Analogue displays (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for calculating Body Mass Index (BMI)?

<p>Weight in kg divided by height in meters squared (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is primarily associated with an increased risk of heart disease?

<p>Age and family history (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a normal BMI value for adults?

<p>Between 18.5 and 24.9 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be a consequence of having a BMI of 30 or above?

<p>Increased risk of obesity-related diseases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What health issue is specifically noted as a common reason for loss of a medical certificate?

<p>Heart disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which age-related factor can affect the risk of heart disease?

<p>Genetic predisposition from family history (B), Cumulative health effects over a lifetime (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what point in life is the growth process of one's body typically completed?

<p>Early 20’s (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant health risk associated with being overweight or obese?

<p>Increased likelihood of diabetes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary optical correction used for myopia?

<p>Concave lens (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does hyperopia affect the vision of an individual?

<p>Close objects are focused behind the retina, resulting in blurry images. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of lens is used to correct hyperopia?

<p>Convex lens (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the visual acuity ratio for normal vision?

<p>20/20 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by a loss of focusing range due to aging?

<p>Presbyopia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is predominantly affected by color blindness?

<p>Males, especially young children (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a visual acuity of 20/25 indicate?

<p>The person sees at 20ft what an average person sees at 25ft. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of a convex lens on light from distant and close objects?

<p>It focuses light from distant objects onto the retina. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What behavior is typically caused by the initial effects of alcohol consumption?

<p>False sense of well-being (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following blood alcohol concentration levels is associated with impaired judgment?

<p>50 mg/100 ml (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions can be a risk factor for heart disease?

<p>High blood pressure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum safe alcohol level permitted in a pilot’s blood while flying?

<p>20 mg/100 ml (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What typical time frame is popular in the UK for recovery after alcohol consumption before flying?

<p>8 hours bottle to throttle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which substance can significantly impair pilot performance regardless of its legality?

<p>LSD (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What unit of alcohol consumption is generally accepted to take one hour to dissipate from the bloodstream?

<p>1 unit (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended maximum number of alcohol units per week for men?

<p>28 units (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does a narrower-than-usual runway have on a pilot's perception during an approach?

<p>It results in the illusion that the aircraft is higher than it really is. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of behavior relies on long-term memory for decision-making in aviation?

<p>Knowledge Based behaviour (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary reason for using a good lookout technique in aviation?

<p>To identify potential hazards and maintain safety. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the outcome of mastering flying skills?

<p>It demands ongoing mental application and practice. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What visual illusion occurs with a wider-than-usual runway during an aircraft's approach?

<p>The aircraft appears lower than it actually is. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of human performance is heavily tied to professional flying?

<p>Knowledge Based behaviour (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In aviation, which aspect is crucial for maintaining safety when approaching unfamiliar situations?

<p>Applying a rule-based approach. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'constant bearing = constant danger' imply for pilots during a flight?

<p>The position of other aircraft can remain constant despite their approach. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for decompression sickness that occurs when bubbles form in the skin during SCUBA diving?

<p>The CREEPS (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a recommendation for divers regarding flying after diving?

<p>Fly immediately after any depth of diving (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the malleus in the middle ear?

<p>To transmit vibrations to the incus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is NOT part of the inner ear?

<p>Tympanic Membrane (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does decompression sickness have on the brain when bubbles form there?

<p>Causes amnesia and other cognitive impairments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the hearing frequency range considered normal?

<p>20 Hz to 20 kHz (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The tensor tympani muscle plays a role in which of the following?

<p>Controlling the tension of the eardrum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What could potentially happen to a diver who flies immediately after exceeding 30ft underwater without taking precautions?

<p>Increased risk of decompression sickness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the ossicles in the middle ear?

<p>To transmit and amplify sound vibrations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these conditions corresponds to bubbles forming in the inner ear during SCUBA diving?

<p>The STAGGERS (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What exemplifies the concept of latent failure in aviation systems?

<p>An unnoticed waypoint error causing an aircraft crash (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Murphy’s Law suggests what about potential failures in a system?

<p>If something can go wrong, it eventually will (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key expectation of aviation systems in terms of error tolerance?

<p>Errors should have no serious implications for safety (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Design-induced errors are primarily caused by what factor?

<p>Faulty design of aircraft systems (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What principle is NOT a focus of future EASA design efforts in aviation?

<p>Eliminating all forms of error (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In error recovery systems, what is the primary goal?

<p>To detect errors and minimize their impact (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What outcome does an error-tolerant aviation system seek to avoid?

<p>Serious implications for safety or conduct (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would be a direct consequence of rushed or incomplete preparation in aviation?

<p>Inadequate risk assessment leading to potential accidents (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

High Blood Pressure

High blood pressure is a risk factor for heart disease.

Raised blood cholesterol

Elevated cholesterol levels can contribute to heart disease.

Diabetes

Diabetes is a condition linked to heart disease risk.

Obesity

Excess weight increases the risk of heart disease.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Lack of Exercise

Insufficient physical activity is linked to heart disease risk.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Alcohol Consumption & Flying

Alcohol impairs judgment, coordination, and reaction times, increasing accident risk for pilots.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Safe Alcohol Limits (Women)

Recommended weekly alcohol consumption for women is 14-21 units.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Safe Alcohol Limits (Men)

Recommended weekly alcohol consumption for men is 21-28 units.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Alcohol & Drug Effects

Alcohol and drugs affect thought processes, reduce reaction times, and impact coordination.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Caffeine Consumption Limit

A safe daily caffeine intake is approximately 400mg.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Side Effects of Common Pain Killers

Common pain relievers can cause drowsiness as a side effect.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Physiological Altitude

Smoking can cause a feeling of higher elevation, similar to a higher altitude. Smokers experience varying levels (moderate or heavy)

Signup and view all the flashcards

Carbon Monoxide Dangers

Carbon Monoxide is a dangerous gas that displaces oxygen in the blood.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Passive Smoking Hazards

Side-stream smoke contains higher concentrations of toxins and is harmful to bystanders.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Post-Procedural Rest Requirements

Specific rest periods are required after certain procedures, like surgeries, blood donation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Aviation Regulations for Viagra

Viagra use has a 6-hour waiting period before flying.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Acceleration

Acceleration is when an aircraft speeds up, causing the pilot to feel a false sense of pitch up, as if the aircraft is climbing.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Deceleration

Deceleration is when an aircraft slows down, making the pilot feel a false sense of pitch down, as if the aircraft is descending.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Spatial Disorientation

A common problem for pilots in changing acceleration and deceleration that is caused by confusion between the aircraft's movement and the pilot's perception of gravity.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Runway Slope Illusion

Visual illusion regarding runway slope; a down-sloping runway can make the aircraft appear lower, while an upsloping runway can make it appear higher than it actually is, affecting approach.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Inertia and Gravity

Inertia is the tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion with a constant velocity. Gravity affects the perception of acceleration and deceleration by the pilot, who experiences 'apparent' changes in gravity.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Aircraft acceleration

A situation where the plane is gaining velocity and the pilot will feel a pitching up movement.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Aircraft deceleration

A speed decrease in an aircraft, where the pilot will feel a pitching down sensation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Visual Illusions

Visual misinterpretations of actual situations that can mislead the pilot by misrepresenting runway slope or other visual cues.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Situational Awareness (SA)

Understanding what's happening around you, interpreting information, and predicting future events.

Signup and view all the flashcards

SA Levels

Different stages of awareness: noticing, understanding, and thinking ahead.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Threat and Error Management(TEM)

Identifying and reacting to threats and errors to attain a safe outcome.

Signup and view all the flashcards

AVIATE (NUTA)

A system used in aviation to help manage situational awareness.

Signup and view all the flashcards

NAVIGATE (NUTA)

A system used in aviation to help manage situational awareness.

Signup and view all the flashcards

COMMUNICATE (NUTA)

A system used in aviation to help manage situational awareness.

Signup and view all the flashcards

IFR flight

Instrument Flight Rules - flights conducted with reference to instruments, often in poor weather conditions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Compulsory to fly above obstacles

Aviation rule requiring a height of 1000ft above any obstacle within 5 miles of either side of the track

Signup and view all the flashcards

Physical Stressors in Flight

Environmental factors in a flight, like temperature, humidity, noise, and vibration, that can cause stress for pilots.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Physical Preparation

Methods of preparing the body for flight demands like physical fitness, proper diet, and sufficient sleep.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Psychological Stressors

Mental and emotional pressures during flight, like adjusting plans, unexpected challenges, lack of experience, and complex situations.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Psychological Preparation

Mental preparedness for flight tasks, including confidence, situational awareness, and proactive planning.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Inexperienced Pilot Performance

A pilot with insufficient training that may be challenged by demands in certain flight situations.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Psychosomatic Stress Reaction

Mental stress manifesting in physical symptoms during flight.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Flight Stressors

Circumstances in flight demanding quick thinking and problem-solving

Signup and view all the flashcards

Stress Management

Techniques for coping with the emotional, mental, and physical pressures in flight

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cockpit Design

Cockpit design prioritizes pilot visibility of critical displays and the outside environment, minimizing head movements.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Aircraft Windows

Window size and shape are determined by aerodynamic and weight considerations, balancing good outward visibility with structural demands.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Flight Deck Seats

Seats should be comfortable, adjustable for pilot body types, and with lumbar support to promote good posture, minimizing lower back issues.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Lumbar Support

Ergonomic support for the lower back to maintain correct spine alignment and reduce back pain.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Vibration Absorption

Cockpit seats should mitigate vibrations from the airframe for pilot comfort and effectiveness.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Digital Displays

Digital displays are often preferred for presenting quantitative data, such as fuel levels, enhancing accuracy and clarity.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Analog Displays

Analog displays are often more easily interpreted when evaluating qualitative or comparative data.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Altimeter moving tape display

Should not be used for critical displays like altimeters, where instantaneous precision is essential for safe flight.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Myopia correction

Myopia (nearsightedness) is corrected using a concave lens, which diverges light rays before they enter the eye.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hyperopia correction

Hyperopia (farsightedness) is corrected using a convex lens, which converges light rays before they enter the eye.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Visual Acuity (VA)

Visual Acuity (VA) measures sharpness of vision.

Signup and view all the flashcards

20/20 vision

Normal vision; can see at 20 feet what a person with normal vision can see at 20 feet.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Snellen chart

A chart used to measure visual acuity.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Concave lens

A lens that curves inward, used to correct nearsightedness.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Convex lens

A lens that curves outward, used to correct farsightedness.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Retina

The light-sensitive lining of the inner eye.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Body Mass Index (BMI)

A measure of body fat calculated by dividing weight (kg) by height (m) squared.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Flying and Health

The connection between a pilot's physical and mental well-being and their ability to fly safely.

Signup and view all the flashcards

BMI for Health

25 is considered normal; over 30 signals increasing disease risk (e.g., diabetes, high blood pressure).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Heart Disease and Flying

A significant cause of medical certificate loss, primarily influenced by age and family history.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Diet and Health

Maintaining a healthy diet directly affects one's ability to perform well and their general health status, including their ability to fly.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Overweight/Obesity

Common health problems now, linked to increased risk of certain diseases.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Health Problem

Common concerns like overweight/obesity and heart disease that can negatively affect pilots' fitness and, potentially, flying ability.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Medical Certificate Loss

Heart disease may lead to the loss of pilot medical certification.

Signup and view all the flashcards

The Bends

Pain caused by gas bubbles forming in the joints after scuba diving.

Signup and view all the flashcards

The Creeps

Gas bubbles forming in the skin after scuba diving.

Signup and view all the flashcards

The Staggers

Gas bubbles forming in the inner ear after scuba diving.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Scuba Diving & Flying Delay

The necessity to avoid flying within 12-24 hours of scuba diving, depending on depth, due to potential decompression sickness.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Human Ear Function

The human ear primarily provides hearing and balance.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Outer Ear

Part of the ear that collects sound waves.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Middle Ear

Part of the ear that amplifies sound vibrations.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Inner Ear

Part of the ear containing the cochlea and vestibular system, vital for hearing and balance.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hearing Frequency

The typical range of human hearing, from 20 Hz to 20 kHz.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Auditory Canal

The passage from the outer ear to the tympanic membrane.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Runway width illusion

A visual illusion of the runway's width affecting the perceived altitude of the aircraft during approach, causing a higher or lower approach than intended

Signup and view all the flashcards

Alcohol Consumption & Flying Risks

Alcohol impairs judgment, coordination, and reaction times, increasing accident risk for pilots.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Lookout Technique

Systematic monitoring of the flight environment to identify and assess potential hazards

Signup and view all the flashcards

Safe Weekly Alcohol Units (Women)

Recommended weekly alcohol consumption for women is 14-21 units.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Constant bearing, constant danger

A hazard in lookout, noticing an aircraft remaining at the same position on the screen implies potential collision.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Safe Weekly Alcohol Units (Men)

Recommended weekly alcohol consumption for men is 21-28 units.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Skill-based behavior

Actions developed through learned motor skills like flying procedures

Signup and view all the flashcards

Alcohol & Drug Effects on Pilots

Alcohol and drugs affect thought processes, reduce reaction times, and impact coordination, making flying unsafe.

Signup and view all the flashcards

High Blood Pressure and Heart Disease

High blood pressure is a significant risk factor contributing to heart disease.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Rule-based behavior

Behaviors guided by rules and regulations during flight

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cholesterol and Heart Disease

High cholesterol can clog arteries, increasing the risk of heart disease. Cholesterol is crucial for diverse bodily functions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Knowledge-based behavior

Decisions made based on stored knowledge of flight situations.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Diabetes and Heart Disease

Diabetes is linked to an increased risk of heart disease. High blood sugar levels can damage blood vessels.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Visual Circuits

Brain processes involved in seeing and understanding visual information in an environment.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Pause to focus

Briefly stopping visual scanning to improve attentive observation of the environment

Signup and view all the flashcards

Alcohol Impact on Flight Performance

Alcohol absorbed into the bloodstream impacts higher-level thinking, behavior, and mood, increasing the risk of pilot error during flight.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Latent Failure

A problem or error that's hidden, not immediately apparent, but can have serious consequences later.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Mount Erebus crash example

An example illustrating latent failure, where an unnoticed error in aircraft data caused a crash.

Signup and view all the flashcards

System Tolerances

Aviation systems are designed to handle errors without significant safety issues.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Design-Induced Errors

Errors caused by poor or faulty aircraft design affecting how pilots use the aircraft.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Detectability

Aircraft systems should have the ability to identify errors.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Tolerance

Aircraft systems should be able to withstand some errors without significant safety issues.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Recoverability

Systems should allow for recovery after detecting and tolerating errors made by pilots.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Murphy's Law

If something can go wrong, it will. Applies to system errors.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Human Performance One

  • Course: 6ENT1169 Navigation, Human Factors and Meteorology
  • Lecturer: Dr Ivan Sikora
  • Module Aims:
    • Enable students to develop a comprehensive understanding of aircraft navigation principles.
    • Provide an understanding of how atmospheric conditions impact VFR and IFR operations.
    • Develop knowledge and understanding of factors limiting human performance.

Human Physiology

  • Fundamental Knowledge of Atmosphere:
    • Structure of the Atmosphere: Exosphere, Ionosphere, Stratosphere, Troposphere (with temperature data).
    • Composition of Dry Air: Nitrogen (approximately 78%), Oxygen (approximately 21%), Other Gases (approximately 1%).
    • Water Vapor: Variable amounts present in the atmosphere.
    • International Standard Atmosphere (ISA): Temperature and pressure profiles with altitude.
    • Gas Laws: Boyle's Law, Charles' Law, General Gas Equation, Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures.
  • The Circulation System: Detailed diagram of circulation, highlighting the heart, lungs, right and left atrium and ventricle
    • Oxygen and Respiration:
      • Detailed explanation of how the lungs work in transferring oxygen into blood, and removing carbon dioxide
      • Shows how oxygen is transported through blood to the body via the haemoglobin in red blood cells
    • The Human Ear: Diagram of the ear outlining the major parts.
      • Hearing Frequency Range: Normal range, age-related deterioration
      • Ear protection: Cockpit Noise Levels
    • The Human Eye and Vision:
      • Components of the eye, including cones and rods.
      • Normal Eye Range, Short-Sightedness (Myopia), Long-Sightedness (Hyperopia), Colour Blindness

Oxygen and Respiration

  • Need for Oxygen: How atmospheric pressure affects oxygen absorption, and the condition "Hypoxia".
  • Symptoms of Hypoxia: ranging from personality changes to loss of consciousness.
  • Onset of Hypoxia: Factors that can accelerate the onset of hypoxia at high altitudes.
  • Oxygen Requirements: Different oxygen requirements for varying altitudes.
  • Hyperventilation: Symptoms similar to hypoxia, but occurring at lower altitudes.
  • Depressurization: Problems associated with pressurization loss, such as the effects on sinus, Eustachian tubes, and the intestinal system.
  • Effect of 'G': Impact of high 'G' forces, and protective measures like anti-G suits.
  • Decompression Sickness (The Bends): Pain caused by gas bubbles in the joints; also called 'creeps' or 'stagger'
  • Procedures for preventing decompression sickness.

Human Performance Two

  • Flying and Health:
    • Diet and Health: Common problems like being overweight/obese, Body Mass Index (BMI) calculation.
      • Factors affecting heart disease: High Blood Pressure, Raised Blood Cholesterol, Diabetes, Obesity, Lack of Exercise, Stress, Alcohol, Drugs.
      • Alcohol and Drugs: Effects on higher thought processes, behaviour, mood, and risk-taking behaviour.
      • Common Medication: Restrictions on medication
      • Toxic Hazard/Carbon Monoxide
  • IMSafe
  • The functions of the Mind (Basic Psychology):
    • Information Processing, Memory, Skills, Workload, Spatial Disorientation
    • Visual, Lookout.
  • Human Behaviour: Key characteristics of rule-based behavior, knowledge-based behavior, skill-based behaviour.
  • Situational Awareness (SA): Different definitions of situational awareness.

Human Performance Three

  • Human Performance:
  • Personalities and CRM: Personality traits and characteristics.
  • Cockpit Design and Procedures
    • SHELL Model: Software, Hardware, Environment, Live-ware (self and others)
    • Cockpit Design and Procedures: Details about cockpit design and layout.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Human Factors Full PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on aircraft navigation principles as well as the impact of atmospheric conditions on VFR and IFR operations. Understand the factors limiting human performance in aviation and explore the fundamental concepts of atmosphere physics including gas laws and the structure of the atmosphere.

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser