Navigation and Collision Avoidance Rules

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Questions and Answers

When can a vessel be deemed to be overtaking another vessel?

When coming up with another vessel from a direction of exactly 45 degrees abaft her beam.

When coming up with another vessel from a direction more than 90 degrees abaft her beam.

When coming up with another vessel from a direction of exactly 90 degrees ahead of her beam.

When coming up with another vessel from a direction more than 22,5 degrees abaft her beam. (correct)

What should a vessel assume if it is in any doubt as to whether it is overtaking another vessel?

That it is meeting head-on and shall alter its course to starboard.

That it is not overtaking and can continue on its current course.

That it is crossing and shall alter its course to port.

That it is overtaking and shall take action accordingly. (correct)

In a head-on situation, what action should each power-driven vessel take?

Alter course to starboard so that each shall pass on the port side of the other. (correct)

Maintain course and speed, as there is no risk of collision.

Alter course to port so that each shall pass on the starboard side of the other.

Stop engines and wait for the other vessel to pass.

What is the primary responsibility of a give-way vessel in a crossing situation?

To keep out of the way and, if possible, avoid crossing ahead of the other vessel. Signup and view all the answers

What should a stand-on vessel do in a crossing situation?

Maintain course and speed, as the give-way vessel will take action. Signup and view all the answers

What should a vessel do when it is in any doubt as to whether it is in a head-on situation?

Assume it is a head-on situation and alter course to starboard. Signup and view all the answers

What should a vessel do when it is in any doubt as to whether it is in a crossing situation?

Assume it is a crossing situation and keep out of the way. Signup and view all the answers

What should a vessel do if it is directed to keep out of the way of another vessel?

Take early and substantial action to keep well clear. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary responsibility of a power-driven vessel underway in a crossing situation?

To keep out of the way of a vessel on its own port side Signup and view all the answers

When can a vessel required to keep out of the way take action to avoid collision?

As soon as it becomes apparent that the other vessel is not taking appropriate action Signup and view all the answers

What should a vessel engaged in fishing do when underway?

Keep out of the way of vessels that are not under command or restricted in their ability to manoeuvre Signup and view all the answers

What should a sailing vessel underway do when encountering a power-driven vessel?

Keep out of the way of the power-driven vessel Signup and view all the answers

What is the responsibility of a vessel constrained by her draught?

To navigate with particular caution Signup and view all the answers

What should a seaplane on the water do?

Keep well clear of all vessels and avoid impeding their navigation Signup and view all the answers

When is a vessel not relieved of its obligation to keep out of the way?

Never, as it is always relieved of its obligation to keep out of the way Signup and view all the answers

What should a power-driven vessel do when it finds itself so close to another vessel that collision cannot be avoided by the action of the give-way vessel alone?

Take such action as will best aid to avoid collision Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of altering course and/or speed to avoid collision?

To result in passing at a safe distance Signup and view all the answers

When is a vessel required to slacken its speed or take all way off to avoid collision?

When necessary to avoid collision or allow more time to assess the situation Signup and view all the answers

What should a vessel do to avoid collision in a narrow channel?

Keep as near to the outer limit of the channel on the starboard side as is safe and practicable Signup and view all the answers

What should a vessel avoid when altering course and/or speed to avoid collision?

A succession of small alterations of course and/or speed Signup and view all the answers

What should a vessel do if there is sufficient sea room to avoid collision?

Alter course alone Signup and view all the answers

What is the responsibility of a vessel that is not to be impeded?

To take early action to allow sufficient sea room for safe passage Signup and view all the answers

What should a vessel do when approaching another vessel so as to involve risk of collision?

Have full regard to the action which may be required by the Rules of this Part Signup and view all the answers

What should a vessel do to ensure the effectiveness of the action taken to avoid collision?

Check the action taken until the other vessel is finally past and clear Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Collision Avoidance

Any alteration of course and/or speed to avoid collision should be large enough to be readily apparent to another vessel observing visually or by radar.
A succession of small alterations of course and/or speed should be avoided.
If there is sufficient sea room, alteration of course alone may be the most effective action to avoid a close-quarters situation.

Safe Distance

Action taken to avoid collision with another vessel should result in passing at a safe distance.
The effectiveness of the action should be carefully checked until the other vessel is finally past and clear.

Speed and Propulsion

If necessary to avoid collision or allow more time to assess the situation, a vessel shall slacken her speed or take all way off by stopping or reversing her means of propulsion.

Impeding Passage

A vessel which is required not to impede the passage or safe passage of another vessel shall take early action to allow sufficient sea room for safe passage of the other vessel.
A vessel required not to impede the passage or safe passage of another vessel is not relieved of this obligation if approaching the other vessel so as to involve risk of collision.

Narrow Channels

A vessel proceeding along the course of a narrow channel or fairway shall keep as near to the outer limit of the channel or fairway which lies on her starboard side as is safe and practicable.

Overtaking

A vessel is deemed to be overtaking when coming up with another vessel from a direction more than 22.5 degrees abaft her beam.
When a vessel is in any doubt as to whether she is overtaking another, she shall assume that this is the case and act accordingly.

Head-on Situation

When two power-driven vessels are meeting on reciprocal or nearly reciprocal courses so as to involve risk of collision, each shall alter her course to starboard so that each shall pass on the port side of the other.
Such a situation shall be deemed to exist when a vessel sees the other ahead or nearly ahead and by night could see the masthead lights of the other in a line or nearly in a line and/or both sidelights.

Crossing Situation

When two power-driven vessels are crossing so as to involve risk of collision, the vessel which has the other on her own starboard side shall keep out of the way and shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, avoid crossing ahead of the other vessel.

Action by Give-way Vessel

Every vessel which is directed to keep out of the way of another vessel shall, so far as possible, take early and substantial action to keep well clear.

Action by Stand-on Vessel

Where one of two vessels is to keep out of the way, the other shall keep her course and speed.
The latter vessel may take action to avoid collision by her maneuver alone, as soon as it becomes apparent to her that the vessel required to keep out of the way is not taking appropriate action in compliance with these Rules.

Responsibilities between Vessels

A power-driven vessel underway shall keep out of the way of:
- A vessel not under command
- A vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver
- A vessel engaged in fishing
- A sailing vessel
A sailing vessel underway shall keep out of the way of:
- A vessel not under command
- A vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver
- A vessel engaged in fishing
A vessel engaged in fishing when underway shall, so far as possible, keep out of the way of:
- A vessel not under command
- A vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver
Any vessel other than a vessel not under command or a vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, avoid impeding the safe passage of a vessel constrained by her draught, exhibiting the signals in Rule 28.

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Description

Learn about the rules and guidelines for altering course and speed to avoid collisions at sea. Understand the importance of making substantial changes to avoid close-quarters situations.