Ch 9 240-247

Natural ventilation is based on the natrual action of _____ gases

_______ ventilation can involve hoselines, portable fans and building ventilation systems, depending on the resources and Fire situation

Venting using a ___ or ____ stream is one of the earliest and simplest means of mechanical ventilation.

Several factors affect how much air, and thus smoke, the stream can move. 1. Is the _____ of water and 2. Is the ____ of the stream which is a function of the pattern of the stream and the nozzle flowing pressure

The pattern that moves the most air is generally one that is tight enough to move the stream and the gas out of the area and yet wide enough to entrain large amounts of air. Generally this is in the range of about a __ degree fog pattern

The final factor is the _____ of the opening and the stream. By standing back ___ ft from the window or door and adjusting the pattern to just cover the opening, your will create a ____ effect pg 240

In the case of a well involved commercial area of ____ size, to get 6-8 ft away from the window might mean passing a lot of smoldering material. In this case mover farther back

You should use the hose for ventilation in situations like ____ fires where water damage is a concern, in areas of ___ water supply or below freezing temps

Smoke ejectors, blowers and fans have problems develop regarding the availability of ___ supply, ____ requirements, storage space and wether _____ gas is present

For the first ___ or so years of mechanical ventilation the most common use was exhaust devices

_____ results in some of the air from the outside being drawn into the building around the side of the fan, only to be blown out again through the fan

Positive pressure ventilation was originally tested as a way of reducing ___ effect, that is, drawing of fire and heat and smoke toward staircases. ____ department has expanded on these experiments and proved it’s usefulness of the concept on many structures

PPV has many advantages over negative pressure. The first is ____. PPV is set up outside the structure ___ ft away. Large doors may require _____ fans

A fan blowing in can move almost ___ as the volume of smoke as compared to the negative mode, especially if ____ occurs

Work with wind not against it. This works best with ____ to moderate fires where ___ rather than fire is the greatest difficulty

Mattress, stuffed ____ and extra Smokey fires, such as those partially extinguished by sprinkler systems are prime candidates for ___

One disadvantage of PPV is fanning smoldering fires into larger ones. One possible situation is at ____ fires where fires may be in ____ locations

PPV must not be used if FFs are entering the building from any points other than where the ___ is operating

If there are many openings in close ____ to the door being used for PPV, the smoke filled area may receive ____ ventilation as the fresh air simply _____ to the outdoors

A basic tenet for interior firefighters search for a life hazard is to ___ as you move, provided the fire won’t be ____ by the venting. This is the opposite pattern desired to make PPV work most effectively

The ic should know what degree of ____ is present before starting the can.

The ic must know what _____ factors exist in the vicinity of the fan.Examples are dust, ____ weeds or other materials that might be drawn into the fan

To stop PPV simply ___ the fan away from the building

The IC must know what ___ equipment is available. Will the power supply create any issues at the command post such as ____ or ____ fumes

When heated gas is restrained from rising, it spreads out horizontally and then starts to bank down—- this is called the ____ effect

There are several ways to prevent this horizontal spread; build a fire resistive ____ or position a countering ____, but perhaps the most efficient and effective way is to let the gas continue on its upward journey.

The most common vertical artery is the ____

If the fire has already self vented a window in the fire ____, opening the roof ____ over the stair could cause the fire to be drawn toward the staircase if the apartment door is open

The danger with vertical ventilation as with horizontal ventilation, depends on the building ____ and wind ____

The bulkhead team should be in ____ contact with people at the fire apartment door.

The bulkhead door must be checked for overcome ____ who may have attempted to flee to the roof. After ensuring the opening will not endanger the interior team, ____ the door from its hinges to prevent it from closing

Lean the bulkhead door against the wall at roughly a ___ degree angle. Use it as a ramp to reach the top of the bulkhead which can be ___ ft above the roof level. Secure with _____ at the base of the door, turn the fork end parallel with the door to get it out of the way

Dumbwaiters are small ____ operated mini elevators that were common in multistory residential buildings built in the late ____ and early ____. The purpose was to lower the tenants trash down to the basement for collection

Dumbwaiters have been replaced with ____ and _____. Often Dumbwaiters were equipped with miniature _____ at the top complete with a door and skylight

The second most common vertical avenue is the _____. Commonly found behind kitchen and ____ walls, these shafts extend right up to the underside of the roof boards, where a single vent pipe extends through the roof called the soil pipe

Check the entire route of the pipe chase for extension on each floor above the fire, as well as the ___ of the shaft

Fires within void spaces are often extremely ____ because oxygen available to the fire is limited

Fires within void spaces will require ____ ventilation.

Natural Ventilation

Mechanical Ventilation

Fog Spray Ventilation

Volume of Water

Velocity of the Stream

Geometry of the Stream

Venturi Effect

Optimal Distance

Large Structures

Minor Fires

Limited Resources

Mechanical Ejectors

Churning

Positive Pressure Ventilation (PPV)

Stack Effect

Efficiency of Ventilation

PPV Fan Distance

Multiple Fans

PPV Effectiveness

Wind Assisted Ventilation

Smoke-Filled Furniture

Arson Fires

PPV Safety

Recirculation

Progressive Venting

Confinement of Fire

Environmental Factors

PPV Termination

PPV Equipment

Mushroom Effect

Mushroom Effect Control

Staircase

Vertical Ventilation Risk

Bulkhead Team Communication

Dumbwaiter

Pipe Chase

Fires in Void Spaces

Total Ventilation