Natural Vegetation and Wildlife in India
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Questions and Answers

What are the two main types of deciduous forests based on water availability?

Moist and dry deciduous forests.

Which trees are dominant in moist deciduous forests and what is their height?

Teak is the most dominant species, and trees can reach heights up to 60 metres.

In which regions of India are moist deciduous forests predominantly found?

Northeastern states, foothills of the Himalayas, Jharkhand, West Odisha, Chhattisgarh, and eastern slopes of the Western Ghats.

What rainfall range is associated with dry deciduous forests?

<p>Rainfall between 100 cm and 70 cm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name two commercially important trees found in dry deciduous forests.

<p>Teak and sal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which common animals can be found in tropical deciduous forests?

<p>Lion, tiger, deer, elephant, and pig.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What types of vegetation and structure defines moist deciduous forests?

<p>A multilayered structure with trees, shrubs, and creepers, appearing green year-round.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Sarpagandha used to treat?

<p>It is used to treat blood pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medicinal plant's juice is used to prepare a carminative vinegar?

<p>Jamun.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the medicinal use of the Arjun plant?

<p>Its fresh juice is a cure for earache and regulates blood pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What properties does Neem possess?

<p>Neem has high antibiotic and antibacterial properties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What ailments is Tulsi commonly used to treat?

<p>Tulsi is used to cure cough and cold.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which plant is used to cure asthma and ulcers?

<p>Kachnar.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many medicinal plants are critically threatened according to the Red List?

<p>52 medicinal plants are critically threatened.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name an animal that is found in the hot wet forests of India.

<p>Elephants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which state in India is home to the one-horned rhinoceros?

<p>Assam.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify a habitat where wild asses are found in India.

<p>The Rann of Kachchh.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What types of animals can be found in India?

<p>India is home to approximately 90,000 animal species, including tigers, lions, deer, monkeys, and various bird species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is significant about the wildlife population in India?

<p>India constitutes 13% of the world's total animal species, including 2,000 species of birds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What conservation legislation was implemented in India in 1972?

<p>The Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 to protect India's rich biodiversity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which forest is the natural habitat of the Indian lion?

<p>The Gir Forest in Gujarat is the last remaining habitat of the Asiatic lion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name at least two species of animals found in the Himalayan region.

<p>Tigers and leopards are two species found in the Himalayan region.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What unique reptile is mentioned as being only found in the rivers of India?

<p>The gharial is a unique reptile found in the rivers of India.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which animals represent the prey category in the mentioned content?

<p>Leopards are highlighted as important members of the animal prey category.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many species of fish are found in India?

<p>India has approximately 2,546 species of fish.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List two types of birds that inhabit India.

<p>Peacocks and cranes are two types of birds that inhabit India.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of amphibians, reptiles, and mammals that India shares with the world?

<p>India shares between 5 and 8 percent of the world's amphibians, reptiles, and mammals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main concern highlighted in the text regarding wildlife?

<p>The main concern is the excessive exploitation of plant and animal resources leading to the endangerment and extinction of species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which animals are mentioned as surviving in Ladakh's extreme cold?

<p>The yak, Tibetan antelope, bharal (blue sheep), kiang, ibex, bear, snow-leopard, and rare red panda are mentioned.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do insects play in the ecosystem according to the text?

<p>Insects help in pollination of crops and fruit trees.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many plant species are reported to be endangered?

<p>About 1,300 plant species are reported to be endangered.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What steps can individuals take to contribute to the protection of endangered species?

<p>Individuals can raise awareness, support conservation efforts, and avoid products that harm wildlife.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What types of animals are commonly found in montane forests?

<p>Common animals in montane forests include Kashmir stag, snow leopard, yak, and wild sheep.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which forests contain evergreen broad-leaf trees such as oaks and chestnuts?

<p>These trees are predominant in the wet temperate forests found between 1000 and 2000 metres in altitude.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines mangrove forests and where are they typically found?

<p>Mangrove forests are defined by their tidal influences and are typically found along coasts where mud and silt accumulate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one famous animal found in mangrove forests?

<p>The Royal Bengal Tiger is a famous animal found in mangrove forests.</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what altitude are temperate forests commonly found?

<p>Temperate forests are commonly found between 1500 and 3000 metres.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the ecological impacts if plants and animals were to disappear from the Earth?

<p>Ecological collapse would occur, leading to a loss of biodiversity and disruption of ecosystems essential for human survival.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is biodiversity important for the environment?

<p>Biodiversity is crucial for ecosystem stability, resilience, and the provision of resources like food and medicine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What unique vegetation is found in the Ganga-Brahmaputra delta?

<p>Sundari trees, which provide durable hard timber, are notably found in the Ganga-Brahmaputra delta.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What types of vegetation grow in the coastal regions mentioned?

<p>Palm, coconut, keora, and agar trees grow in some parts of the delta’s coastal regions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Natural Vegetation and Wildlife in India

  • India is one of the 12 mega-biodiversity countries globally, ranking tenth worldwide and fourth in Asia for plant diversity.
  • Around 47,000 plant species reside in India, comprising 6% of the world's flowering plants.
  • Approximately 90,000 animal species inhabit the country, including a variety of fish in both freshwater and marine environments.
  • Natural vegetation refers to a plant community naturally grown, undisturbed by human activity for an extended period, often called "virgin vegetation".
  • Cultivated crops and orchards are not considered natural vegetation.
  • Endemic or indigenous species are those plants and animals native to India. Exotic species originate elsewhere.
  • The terms flora and fauna refer to plants and animals, respectively, in a particular geographic region or period.

Types of Vegetation

  • Key vegetation types in India include Tropical Evergreen Forests, Tropical Deciduous Forests, Tropical Thorn Forests and Scrubs, Montane Forests, and Mangrove Forests.
  • Tropical Evergreen Forests are found in regions with high rainfall exceeding 200cm, prominently in the Western Ghats and island groups.
  • These forests exhibit a multi-layered structure.
  • Commercially significant trees like ebony, mahogany, rosewood, rubber, and cinchona are common. Elephant, monkeys, lemurs, and deer are common animals in these forests.
  • Tropical Deciduous Forests are widely distributed throughout India, receiving 200cm to 70cm of rainfall.
  • Further sub-divided into moist and dry deciduous based on rainfall levels.
  • Teak, sal, shisham, and other commercially important species are found in these forests.
  • Common animals include lions, tigers, pigs, deer, and elephants.
  • Tropical Thorn Forests and Scrubs thrive in arid regions with less than 70 cm annual rainfall.
  • Dominated by thorny trees and shrubs.
  • Montane Forests occur in mountainous regions, influenced by altitude-based temperature reductions and shifts in vegetation types.
  • These forests transition from tropical to tundra types with increasing altitude.
  • Coniferous trees like pine, fir, and deodar dominate mid-altitudes, while mosses and lichens are typical of higher altitudes.
  • Mangrove Forests are situated in coastal areas impacted by tides.
  • Characterized by trees with submerged roots.
  • These forests are found in the deltas of the Ganga, Mahanadi, Krishna, Godavari, and Kaveri rivers, for example.

Medicinal Plants

  • India is recognised for its traditional medicinal plants and practices.
  • Several plants like Sarpagandha, Jamun, Arjun, Babool, and Neem are important.
  • These plants feature in traditional medicine systems for treating various ailments.

Wildlife

  • India is rich in biodiversity with approximately 90,000 animal species.
  • The country is home to various endangered species.
  • Several factors threaten the flora and fauna of India, including excessive human exploitation of natural resources.
  • The government implements conservation measures such as establishing biosphere reserves, national parks, and wildlife sanctuaries, to protect the environment.

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Description

Explore the rich biodiversity of India, one of the world's mega-biodiversity hotspots. This quiz covers the various types of natural vegetation and animal species found across the country, emphasizing the importance of indigenous and endemic species. Test your knowledge on the floral and faunal diversity of India!

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