Natural Vegetation and Wildlife in India
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Questions and Answers

What are the two main types of deciduous forests based on water availability?

Moist and dry deciduous forests.

Which trees are dominant in moist deciduous forests and what is their height?

Teak is the most dominant species, and trees can reach heights up to 60 metres.

In which regions of India are moist deciduous forests predominantly found?

Northeastern states, foothills of the Himalayas, Jharkhand, West Odisha, Chhattisgarh, and eastern slopes of the Western Ghats.

What rainfall range is associated with dry deciduous forests?

<p>Rainfall between 100 cm and 70 cm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name two commercially important trees found in dry deciduous forests.

<p>Teak and sal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which common animals can be found in tropical deciduous forests?

<p>Lion, tiger, deer, elephant, and pig.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What types of vegetation and structure defines moist deciduous forests?

<p>A multilayered structure with trees, shrubs, and creepers, appearing green year-round.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Sarpagandha used to treat?

<p>It is used to treat blood pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medicinal plant's juice is used to prepare a carminative vinegar?

<p>Jamun.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the medicinal use of the Arjun plant?

<p>Its fresh juice is a cure for earache and regulates blood pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What properties does Neem possess?

<p>Neem has high antibiotic and antibacterial properties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What ailments is Tulsi commonly used to treat?

<p>Tulsi is used to cure cough and cold.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which plant is used to cure asthma and ulcers?

<p>Kachnar.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many medicinal plants are critically threatened according to the Red List?

<p>52 medicinal plants are critically threatened.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name an animal that is found in the hot wet forests of India.

<p>Elephants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which state in India is home to the one-horned rhinoceros?

<p>Assam.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify a habitat where wild asses are found in India.

<p>The Rann of Kachchh.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What types of animals can be found in India?

<p>India is home to approximately 90,000 animal species, including tigers, lions, deer, monkeys, and various bird species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is significant about the wildlife population in India?

<p>India constitutes 13% of the world's total animal species, including 2,000 species of birds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What conservation legislation was implemented in India in 1972?

<p>The Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 to protect India's rich biodiversity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which forest is the natural habitat of the Indian lion?

<p>The Gir Forest in Gujarat is the last remaining habitat of the Asiatic lion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name at least two species of animals found in the Himalayan region.

<p>Tigers and leopards are two species found in the Himalayan region.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What unique reptile is mentioned as being only found in the rivers of India?

<p>The gharial is a unique reptile found in the rivers of India.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which animals represent the prey category in the mentioned content?

<p>Leopards are highlighted as important members of the animal prey category.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many species of fish are found in India?

<p>India has approximately 2,546 species of fish.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List two types of birds that inhabit India.

<p>Peacocks and cranes are two types of birds that inhabit India.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of amphibians, reptiles, and mammals that India shares with the world?

<p>India shares between 5 and 8 percent of the world's amphibians, reptiles, and mammals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main concern highlighted in the text regarding wildlife?

<p>The main concern is the excessive exploitation of plant and animal resources leading to the endangerment and extinction of species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which animals are mentioned as surviving in Ladakh's extreme cold?

<p>The yak, Tibetan antelope, bharal (blue sheep), kiang, ibex, bear, snow-leopard, and rare red panda are mentioned.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do insects play in the ecosystem according to the text?

<p>Insects help in pollination of crops and fruit trees.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many plant species are reported to be endangered?

<p>About 1,300 plant species are reported to be endangered.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What steps can individuals take to contribute to the protection of endangered species?

<p>Individuals can raise awareness, support conservation efforts, and avoid products that harm wildlife.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What types of animals are commonly found in montane forests?

<p>Common animals in montane forests include Kashmir stag, snow leopard, yak, and wild sheep.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which forests contain evergreen broad-leaf trees such as oaks and chestnuts?

<p>These trees are predominant in the wet temperate forests found between 1000 and 2000 metres in altitude.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines mangrove forests and where are they typically found?

<p>Mangrove forests are defined by their tidal influences and are typically found along coasts where mud and silt accumulate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one famous animal found in mangrove forests?

<p>The Royal Bengal Tiger is a famous animal found in mangrove forests.</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what altitude are temperate forests commonly found?

<p>Temperate forests are commonly found between 1500 and 3000 metres.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the ecological impacts if plants and animals were to disappear from the Earth?

<p>Ecological collapse would occur, leading to a loss of biodiversity and disruption of ecosystems essential for human survival.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is biodiversity important for the environment?

<p>Biodiversity is crucial for ecosystem stability, resilience, and the provision of resources like food and medicine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What unique vegetation is found in the Ganga-Brahmaputra delta?

<p>Sundari trees, which provide durable hard timber, are notably found in the Ganga-Brahmaputra delta.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What types of vegetation grow in the coastal regions mentioned?

<p>Palm, coconut, keora, and agar trees grow in some parts of the delta’s coastal regions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Tropical Evergreen Forests

These forests are found in areas with high rainfall (over 200 cm) and a short dry season. They are characterized by tall trees (up to 60 meters), dense vegetation, and year-round greenery.

Tropical Deciduous Forests

These forests are found in areas with moderate rainfall (100-200 cm) and a distinct dry season. They are characterized by trees that shed their leaves during the dry season, creating a layered canopy structure.

Moist Deciduous Forests

This type of deciduous forest receives rainfall between 200 cm and 100 cm. It is often found in the eastern part of India, including the northeastern states and along the foothills of the Himalayas.

Dry Deciduous Forests

This type of deciduous forest receives rainfall between 100 cm and 70 cm. It is commonly found in the Peninsular plateau and the plains of Bihar and Uttar Pradesh.

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Teak

A commercially valuable tree species that thrives in moist deciduous forests. It is known for its strong, durable wood.

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Wildlife in Tropical Deciduous Forests

These forests are characterized by a variety of animals, including elephants, monkeys, deer, and a diverse range of birds.

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One-horned Rhinoceros

A large mammal that is found in the jungles of Assam and West Bengal. It is known for its single horn.

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Montane Forests

A type of forest found in mountainous areas, characterized by a change in vegetation with increasing altitude.

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Mangrove Forests

A type of forest found in coastal areas influenced by tides, characterized by trees with roots submerged in water.

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Vegetation Succession in Montane Forests

A succession of natural vegetation belts in mountainous areas, with each belt containing different types of plants adapted to the specific altitude and climate.

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Evergreen Broad-Leaf Trees

Trees such as oaks and chestnuts that are prevalent in wet temperate forests found between 1000 and 2000 meters in altitude.

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Animals of Montane Forests

Animals that are commonly found in montane forests, including deer, sheep, and snow leopards, adapted to the cold and harsh conditions.

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Sundari Tree

A species of tree found in the Ganga-Brahmaputra delta known for its durable hard timber.

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Delta Vegetation

A type of vegetation found in the deltas of major rivers, characterized by various species of trees adapted to the specific environment.

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Royal Bengal Tiger

The Royal Bengal Tiger, a large and powerful cat species, is a prominent animal found in mangrove forests.

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Reptiles of Mangrove Forests

Turtles, crocodiles, and gharials are some of the reptiles found in mangrove forests, adapting to the unique conditions of their habitat.

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Conservation

The act of protecting and preserving animal and plant species from extinction.

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Endangered Species

A group of plant or animal species that are facing a high risk of extinction in the wild.

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Sustainable Use

The process of using natural resources in a way that ensures their continued availability for future generations.

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Ecosystem

The various ways organisms interact with each other and their environment, creating a delicate balance.

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Extinction

The gradual decline and disappearance of plant and animal species from the Earth.

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What is Ayurveda?

The study of the use of plants for medicinal purposes. It involves understanding the properties of plants and their therapeutic effects on the human body.

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What is Sarpagandha?

A plant native to India, used traditionally to lower blood pressure. It is a key ingredient in various Ayurvedic formulations.

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What is Arjun?

A tree with medicinal properties. Its leaves are used for earache, and its extract is known to regulate blood pressure.

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What is Babool?

A tree found in India with a variety of uses. Its leaves are used for eye sores, and its gum is a tonic. It is also used in various Ayurvedic formulations.

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What is Neem?

A tree with potent antibacterial and antibiotic properties. It's used in Ayurvedic medicine for a wide range of ailments.

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What is Tulsi?

A revered plant in India with medicinal properties. It is widely used to treat cough, cold, and other respiratory ailments.

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What is Kachnar?

A tree with medicinal uses. It's a popular remedy for asthma, ulcers, and digestive problems.

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What are elephants?

The largest land mammal, known for its majestic size. They are found in the hot and humid forest regions of India.

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What are one-horned rhinoceroses?

A large herbivore with one horn. They reside in the swampy and marshy landscapes of India.

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What are wild asses?

A wild animal found in arid regions of India. They are known for their endurance in harsh environments.

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Where do Asiatic Lions Live?

The Gir Forest is the only remaining natural habitat of the Asiatic lion, found in the state of Gujarat, India.

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What are some of the mammals found in India?

India is home to a wide variety of mammals, including tigers, lions, leopards, elephants, rhinoceros, and various types of deer.

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When was Wildlife Protection Act implemented in India?

The Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 in India to protect and conserve its diverse wildlife.

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What reptiles are found in India's rivers?

India is home to diverse reptile species, including crocodiles in rivers, lakes, and coastal areas. The gharial, a type of crocodile found in India, is unique and facing threats.

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Where are Bengal Tigers Found?

The Sundarbans, located in West Bengal, is a unique mangrove forest known for its Bengal tiger population.

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What kind of birds are common in India?

India has a rich diversity of bird species, estimated to be around 2,000, including peacocks, pheasants, ducks, parakeets, cranes, and pigeons.

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What kind of vegetation and wildlife are adapted to the Himalayas?

The Himalayas, a mountain range in India, is a harsh environment that supports hardy plant and animal species adapted to cold temperatures and high altitudes.

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What is unique about India's fish diversity?

India boasts a remarkable diversity of fish species, accounting for nearly 12% of the world's fish population.

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What unique wildlife coexistence is found in India?

India is the only country in the world to have both tigers and lions in its natural habitats.

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What makes India's wildlife special?

India is the only country in the world to naturally host both tigers and lions, highlighting its exceptional biodiversity.

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Study Notes

Natural Vegetation and Wildlife in India

  • India is one of the 12 mega-biodiversity countries globally, ranking tenth worldwide and fourth in Asia for plant diversity.
  • Around 47,000 plant species reside in India, comprising 6% of the world's flowering plants.
  • Approximately 90,000 animal species inhabit the country, including a variety of fish in both freshwater and marine environments.
  • Natural vegetation refers to a plant community naturally grown, undisturbed by human activity for an extended period, often called "virgin vegetation".
  • Cultivated crops and orchards are not considered natural vegetation.
  • Endemic or indigenous species are those plants and animals native to India. Exotic species originate elsewhere.
  • The terms flora and fauna refer to plants and animals, respectively, in a particular geographic region or period.

Types of Vegetation

  • Key vegetation types in India include Tropical Evergreen Forests, Tropical Deciduous Forests, Tropical Thorn Forests and Scrubs, Montane Forests, and Mangrove Forests.
  • Tropical Evergreen Forests are found in regions with high rainfall exceeding 200cm, prominently in the Western Ghats and island groups.
  • These forests exhibit a multi-layered structure.
  • Commercially significant trees like ebony, mahogany, rosewood, rubber, and cinchona are common. Elephant, monkeys, lemurs, and deer are common animals in these forests.
  • Tropical Deciduous Forests are widely distributed throughout India, receiving 200cm to 70cm of rainfall.
  • Further sub-divided into moist and dry deciduous based on rainfall levels.
  • Teak, sal, shisham, and other commercially important species are found in these forests.
  • Common animals include lions, tigers, pigs, deer, and elephants.
  • Tropical Thorn Forests and Scrubs thrive in arid regions with less than 70 cm annual rainfall.
  • Dominated by thorny trees and shrubs.
  • Montane Forests occur in mountainous regions, influenced by altitude-based temperature reductions and shifts in vegetation types.
  • These forests transition from tropical to tundra types with increasing altitude.
  • Coniferous trees like pine, fir, and deodar dominate mid-altitudes, while mosses and lichens are typical of higher altitudes.
  • Mangrove Forests are situated in coastal areas impacted by tides.
  • Characterized by trees with submerged roots.
  • These forests are found in the deltas of the Ganga, Mahanadi, Krishna, Godavari, and Kaveri rivers, for example.

Medicinal Plants

  • India is recognised for its traditional medicinal plants and practices.
  • Several plants like Sarpagandha, Jamun, Arjun, Babool, and Neem are important.
  • These plants feature in traditional medicine systems for treating various ailments.

Wildlife

  • India is rich in biodiversity with approximately 90,000 animal species.
  • The country is home to various endangered species.
  • Several factors threaten the flora and fauna of India, including excessive human exploitation of natural resources.
  • The government implements conservation measures such as establishing biosphere reserves, national parks, and wildlife sanctuaries, to protect the environment.

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Natural Vegetation And Wildlife PDF

Description

Explore the rich biodiversity of India, one of the world's mega-biodiversity hotspots. This quiz covers the various types of natural vegetation and animal species found across the country, emphasizing the importance of indigenous and endemic species. Test your knowledge on the floral and faunal diversity of India!

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