Natural Sources of Drugs
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Natural Sources of Drugs

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@BrighterIntegral

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Questions and Answers

Which plant is the source of morphine?

  • Opium poppy (correct)
  • Digitalis purpurea
  • Foxglove
  • Madagascar periwinkle
  • What is the source of heparin?

  • Pig pancreas
  • Pig intestines (correct)
  • Bacteria
  • Cow liver
  • Which of the following is an example of a synthetic source of a drug?

  • Aspirin (correct)
  • Penicillium mold
  • Madagascar periwinkle
  • Opium poppy
  • What is the source of semi-synthetic opioids like hydrocodone and oxycodone?

    <p>Opium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a recombinant source of a drug?

    <p>Insulin from bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the source of antibiotics like erythromycin?

    <p>Bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a marine source of a drug?

    <p>Sea squirts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the source of digoxin?

    <p>Digitalis purpurea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a synthetic antibiotic?

    <p>Fluoxetine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the source of vinblastine?

    <p>Madagascar periwinkle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Natural Sources

    • Plants: Many drugs are derived from plants, such as:
      • Morphine from opium poppy (Papaver somniferum)
      • Digoxin from foxglove (Digitalis purpurea)
      • Vinblastine from Madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus)
    • Animals: Some drugs come from animals, including:
      • Heparin from pig intestines
      • Insulin from pig or cow pancreas (although most is now produced recombinantly)
    • Microorganisms: Microbes are a source of various drugs, such as:
      • Antibiotics like penicillin from Penicillium mold
      • Tetracycline from Streptomyces bacteria

    Synthetic Sources

    • Chemical Synthesis: Many drugs are created entirely in a laboratory through chemical reactions, such as:
      • Aspirin
      • Ibuprofen
      • Antidepressants like fluoxetine (Prozac)
    • Semi-Synthetic Sources: Some drugs are derived from natural sources but undergo significant chemical modification, including:
      • Semi-synthetic opioids like hydrocodone and oxycodone from opium
      • Semi-synthetic antibiotics like ampicillin from penicillin

    Recombinant Sources

    • Genetic Engineering: Recombinant DNA technology allows for the production of drugs through genetically modified organisms, such as:
      • Insulin from bacteria
      • Human growth hormone from bacteria
      • Vaccines like HPV and Hepatitis B from yeast or bacteria

    Other Sources

    • Marine Sources: Some drugs are derived from marine organisms, including:
      • Anti-cancer drugs like trabectedin from sea squirts
      • Pain relievers like ziconotide from cone snails
    • Fermentation: Fermentation processes can be used to produce drugs, such as:
      • Antibiotics like erythromycin from bacteria
      • Statins for cholesterol reduction from fungi

    Natural Sources

    • Plants are a source of many drugs, including morphine from opium poppy, digoxin from foxglove, and vinblastine from Madagascar periwinkle.
    • Animals provide some drugs, such as heparin from pig intestines and insulin from pig or cow pancreas (although most insulin is now produced recombinantly).
    • Microorganisms like Penicillium mold and Streptomyces bacteria are used to produce antibiotics like penicillin and tetracycline.

    Synthetic Sources

    • Chemical synthesis in a laboratory is used to create drugs like aspirin, ibuprofen, and fluoxetine (Prozac).
    • Semi-synthetic sources involve deriving drugs from natural sources but with significant chemical modification, resulting in drugs like hydrocodone and oxycodone from opium, and ampicillin from penicillin.

    Recombinant Sources

    • Genetic engineering enables the production of drugs through genetically modified organisms, such as insulin from bacteria, human growth hormone from bacteria, and vaccines like HPV and Hepatitis B from yeast or bacteria.

    Other Sources

    • Marine organisms are a source of some drugs, including anti-cancer drugs like trabectedin from sea squirts, and pain relievers like ziconotide from cone snails.
    • Fermentation processes are used to produce drugs like antibiotics like erythromycin from bacteria, and statins for cholesterol reduction from fungi.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the natural sources of various drugs, including plants, animals, and microorganisms. Learn about the origins of morphine, digoxin, vinblastine, heparin, insulin, and antibiotics.

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