Classification of natural products

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What is morphine used as?

To manage cognitive disorders

As an anticancer treatment

To treat heart failure

As an analgesic (correct)

Which of the following plants contains a compound used to treat malaria?

Galanthus

Pacific yew

Cinchona (correct)

Foxglove

What is the term for the branch of pharmacy that prepares medicines by infusion, decoction, etc.?

Pharmacology

Nutraceuticals

Galenical pharmacy (correct)

Phytotherapy

Which of the following is an example of a nutraceutical or 'functional food'?

Garlic Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for isolated compounds from nature that are produced synthetically?

Nature identical Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an example of an isolated compound from nature?

Garlic Signup and view all the answers

What are the essential characteristics of a method of classification?

Simple, easy to use, and free from confusion and ambiguities Signup and view all the answers

How many different ways are drugs classified for the purpose of study?

6 Signup and view all the answers

What is the basis of morphological classification?

Morphological or external characters Signup and view all the answers

What are the drugs obtained from dried plant parts with cellular tissues called?

Organized drugs Signup and view all the answers

What are the drugs prepared from plants by intermediate physical processes called?

Unorganized drugs Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an unorganized drug?

Aloe juice Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of leaves in a plant?

To collect and assimilate the sun's energy Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification system based on principles of natural relationship and evolutionary developments?

Taxonomical Classification Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic way to identify a species of plant?

By the arrangement of its leaves on the stem Signup and view all the answers

Which part of a plant is responsible for accumulating biologically active substances?

Bark Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of a flower in a plant?

To serve as a reproductive organ Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification of natural products based on their pharmacological action?

Pharmacological Classification Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary basis of pharmacological or therapeutic classification of drugs?

Therapeutic action Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following groups of drugs are classified based on their chemical nature?

Crude drugs Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of carbohydrates?

Unbroken chain of carbon atoms Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification of riboflavin?

Vitamin Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification of Castor oil?

Fixed oil Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between primary and secondary metabolites?

Function in the plant Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of storing dried extracts at -20°C?

To prevent degradation of bioactive natural products Signup and view all the answers

What is the main principle behind the partitioning separation method?

Solubility of natural products in different solvents Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical outcome of partitioning using water and light petroleum ether (hexane)?

A non-polar fraction in the organic layer Signup and view all the answers

Which type of natural products are easily separated from others using partitioning?

Monoterpenes and phenolics such as tannins Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the initial extract purification and 'clean up' step in separation methods?

To remove impurities and concentrate the extract Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the separation method used in partitioning?

It is based on the solubility of natural products Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary significance of tropane alkaloids in Solanaceae?

They serve as a chemotaxonomic marker Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of the latest system of classification of natural products?

It provides more scope for understanding the relationship between chemical constituents, their biosynthesis and their possible action Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to remove solvent immediately after extraction?

To prevent instability of the natural products in the solvent Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of freeze-drying aqueous extracts?

To improve the shelf life of the extract Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of berberine alkaloid in Berberis and Argemon?

It serves as a chemotaxonomic marker Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using rotary evaporators in the extraction process?

To concentrate the extract under vacuum Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of coniine in Conium maculatum?

It is of little taxonomic significance Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of classification of natural products based on their chemical constituents?

To understand the relationship between the chemical constituents and their possible action Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Rutin in Rutaceae members?