40 Questions
What is morphine used as?
As an analgesic
Which of the following plants contains a compound used to treat malaria?
Cinchona
What is the term for the branch of pharmacy that prepares medicines by infusion, decoction, etc.?
Galenical pharmacy
Which of the following is an example of a nutraceutical or 'functional food'?
Garlic
What is the term for isolated compounds from nature that are produced synthetically?
Nature identical
Which of the following is NOT an example of an isolated compound from nature?
Garlic
What are the essential characteristics of a method of classification?
Simple, easy to use, and free from confusion and ambiguities
How many different ways are drugs classified for the purpose of study?
6
What is the basis of morphological classification?
Morphological or external characters
What are the drugs obtained from dried plant parts with cellular tissues called?
Organized drugs
What are the drugs prepared from plants by intermediate physical processes called?
Unorganized drugs
Which of the following is an example of an unorganized drug?
Aloe juice
What is the primary function of leaves in a plant?
To collect and assimilate the sun's energy
What is the classification system based on principles of natural relationship and evolutionary developments?
Taxonomical Classification
What is a characteristic way to identify a species of plant?
By the arrangement of its leaves on the stem
Which part of a plant is responsible for accumulating biologically active substances?
Bark
What is the main purpose of a flower in a plant?
To serve as a reproductive organ
What is the classification of natural products based on their pharmacological action?
Pharmacological Classification
What is the primary basis of pharmacological or therapeutic classification of drugs?
Therapeutic action
Which of the following groups of drugs are classified based on their chemical nature?
Crude drugs
What is the primary characteristic of carbohydrates?
Unbroken chain of carbon atoms
What is the classification of riboflavin?
Vitamin
What is the classification of Castor oil?
Fixed oil
What is the main difference between primary and secondary metabolites?
Function in the plant
What is the primary purpose of storing dried extracts at -20°C?
To prevent degradation of bioactive natural products
What is the main principle behind the partitioning separation method?
Solubility of natural products in different solvents
What is the typical outcome of partitioning using water and light petroleum ether (hexane)?
A non-polar fraction in the organic layer
Which type of natural products are easily separated from others using partitioning?
Monoterpenes and phenolics such as tannins
What is the purpose of the initial extract purification and 'clean up' step in separation methods?
To remove impurities and concentrate the extract
What is the characteristic of the separation method used in partitioning?
It is based on the solubility of natural products
What is the primary significance of tropane alkaloids in Solanaceae?
They serve as a chemotaxonomic marker
What is the main advantage of the latest system of classification of natural products?
It provides more scope for understanding the relationship between chemical constituents, their biosynthesis and their possible action
Why is it important to remove solvent immediately after extraction?
To prevent instability of the natural products in the solvent
What is the purpose of freeze-drying aqueous extracts?
To improve the shelf life of the extract
What is the characteristic of berberine alkaloid in Berberis and Argemon?
It serves as a chemotaxonomic marker
What is the purpose of using rotary evaporators in the extraction process?
To concentrate the extract under vacuum
What is the significance of coniine in Conium maculatum?
It is of little taxonomic significance
What is the purpose of classification of natural products based on their chemical constituents?
To understand the relationship between the chemical constituents and their possible action
What is the characteristic of Rutin in Rutaceae members?
It serves as a chemotaxonomic marker
What is the primary purpose of evaporation and storage methods in the extraction process?
To preserve the natural products and improve their shelf life
This quiz covers isolated compounds from natural sources, such as plants, that are used as licensed medicines. Examples include morphine from opium poppy and digoxin from foxglove. Test your knowledge of these naturally-derived compounds and their uses.
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